Ufudu lwenqe (Macroclemys temminckii) ukuphela kwabamele bohlobo lweMacroclemys. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengofudu olukhulu lwamanzi angenasawoti, ngoba isisindo somuntu omdala singafinyelela kuma-80 kg. Lezi zimfudu zinokubukeka okwesabisayo. I-carapace yabo ibukeka njenge-carapace yesinye isibankwa sasendulo. Ufudu lwathola igama lalo kunyoni yenyoni ngenxa yokuthi ngale nyoni banesimo esifanayo somlomo. Izimfudu zamanqe zinolaka kakhulu, ziluma kanzima futhi ziyizilwane eziyingozi kakhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ufudu lwamanqe
I-vulture noma i-alligator yokuqhaqha ufudu ingeyomndeni wofudu olusemfuleni. Izimfudu zohlobo lweVulture, izinhlobo zofudu uVulture. Umbuzo wemvelaphi yezimfudu awukaxazululwa. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izimfudu zavela ezihuquzelayo ezingasekho zama-cotylosaurs ezaziphila esikhathini sePermian yenkathi yePaleozoic, okungukuthi zivela ezinhlotsheni ze-Eunotosaurus (Eunosaurs), lezi yizilwane ezincane ezibukeka njengezibankwa ezinezimbambo ezibanzi ezakha isihlangu somgogodla.
Ngokusho komunye umbono, ososayensi behle izimfudu eqenjini elincane lezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo eziyinzalo yama-amphibians discosauris. Ngokwezifundo ezisanda kwenziwa, sekutholakele ukuthi izimfudu zingama-diapsids anamawindi ancishisiwe esikhashana futhi ayiqembu elihlobene maqondana nama-archosaurs.
Ividiyo: Ufudu lwenqe
Ufudu lokuqala emlandweni manje olwaziwa yisayensi lwaphila emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-220 eyedlule ngesikhathi seTriassic senkathi yeMesozoic. Ufudu lwasendulo lwaluhluke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zanamuhla zofudu, lwalunengxenye engezansi kuphela yegobolondo, ufudu lwalunamazinyo emlonyeni. Ufudu olulandelayo, iProganochelys quenstedti, eyayiphila esikhathini seTriassic cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-210 edlule, yayivele ifana kakhulu nezimfudu zanamuhla, yayivele inegobolondo elakhiwe ngokuphelele, kodwa, yayinamazinyo emlonyeni wayo. Okwamanje, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezinsalela ziyaziwa. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ufudu olukhulu kunawo wonke ohlobo lweMeiolania, ubude bawo begobolondo obungamamitha ayi-2,5. Namuhla kunemindeni engu-12 yofudu futhi ifundelwa ngenkuthalo.
IMacroclemys temminckii Ufudu lwengwenya lufana kakhulu nelufudu olulumayo, kepha ngokungafani nalezi zinhlobo, ufudu lwenqe lunamehlo ezinhlangothini. Futhi, lolu hlobo lunomlomo oxhumeke kakhudlwana kanye nenqwaba yemigqa esezingeni eliphakeme, etholakala phakathi kwemikhawulo engemuva nangasemuva. Igobolondo langemuva lofudu lucijwe kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Alligator Turtle
Ufudu lwamanqe luy ufudu lwasemhlabeni olukhulu kunawo wonke. Isisindo sefudu omdala sisuka kuma-60 kuye kuma-90 kg, kodwa-ke, kukhona izimfudu ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-110 kg. Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo zofudu bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-1.5. I-carapace yofudu ibanzi, iyindilinga ngokuma, futhi inemiqansa emithathu enamasaha, atholakala eceleni kwegobolondo. Ubukhulu be-carapace bungamasentimitha angama-70-80 ubude. I-carapace imbala onsundu.
Ngenhla kwekhanda lofudu lumbozwe izihlangu. Amehlo kofudu atholakala ezinhlangothini. Ikhanda likhulu futhi lisinda ekhanda kunameva nokungajwayelekile. Umhlathi ongaphezulu kofudu ugoge ngamandla uqonde phansi, ufane nocingo lwenyoni. Ufudu lunentamo eqinile futhi enemisipha enezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene nezinsumpa. Isilevu siqinile futhi siwugqinsi. Emlonyeni kukhona ulimi olufana nezikelemu olubomvu. Isendlalelo esincane esiphuzi asimbozi ngokuphelele umzimba wofudu.
Umsila omude unemigqa emi-3 yokuphuma phezulu kanye neziqu ezincane ezimbalwa ezansi. Ezidladleni zofudu kukhona ulwelwesi oluncane phakathi kwezinzwani; izinzwani zinezinzipho ezicijile. Phezulu kwegobolondo lofudu, uqweqwe lwama-algae aluhlaza luvame ukuqoqeka, lusiza umhlaseli ukuba angabonakali. Ufudu lwamanqe lungabhekwa njengesibindi eside ngoba endle ufudu luphila cishe iminyaka engama-50-70. Yize kukhona nabaneminyaka eyikhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zofudu, abaphila iminyaka eyi-120-150.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ufudu lwenqe lunesikhali esingeziwe - uketshezi olunuka kabi ezinsweni zangasese, lapho ufudu luzwa ingozi, alunakuluma umuntu, kodwa luvula umlomo walo kuphela lukhiphe uketshezi olusuka ezinsweni zangasese, ngakho-ke lixwayisa ngengozi.
Uhlala kuphi ufudu?
Isithombe: Ufudu lwamanqe e-USA
Ufudu lwamanqe luzalwa e-United States of America. Lokhu ikakhulukazi isimo sase-Illinois, eKansas, e-Iowa, lapho kutholakala khona lolu hlobo lwezimfudu. Izimfudu zihlala eMfuleni iMississippi neminye imifula egelezela eGulf of Mexico. Futhi futhi uhlala emachibini, emaxhaphozini nasemiseleni yaseNyakatho Florida. Bahlala emachibini aseTexas naseGeorgia.
Yize lolu hlobo lofudu lubhekwa njengomhlaba, izimfudu zichitha isikhathi esiningi zisemanzini, futhi zihamba emhlabeni ukuze zithole inzalo. Impilo yonke, bakhetha amadamu afudumele amanzi angenasawoti anezimila ezicebile naphansi okunodaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuzimfudu zalesi silwane ukuthi kunendawo enodaka enamanzi anodaka echibini. Izimfudu zizingcwaba ngodaka lapho zizingela.
Ngokwemvelo, izimfudu zalezi zinhlobo kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona; zihola indlela yokuphila elinganiswa kakhulu cishe njalo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izimfudu ze-alligator zihamba emhlabeni kuphela ukwakha isidleke nokubeka amaqanda. Izindawo ezingavamile kakhulu zikhethelwa isidleke, ingakha isidleke eceleni komgwaqo noma maphakathi nolwandle.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, ufudu njalo ngonyaka uzama ukuhlela i-clutch endaweni efanayo lapho ayekwenza khona ngonyaka odlule, kwesinye isikhathi kucatshangelwa isentimitha ngalinye. Izimfudu ezincane zikhetha izindawo ezinomfudlana ohamba kancane namanzi afudumele kahle, lapho zingacasha khona. Kwesinye isikhathi izimfudu zalolu hlobo ziyakwazi ukufuduka zifuna ukudla, kodwa-ke, ukuze kuphephe abantu, okokuqala, babuyiselwa ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ufudu luhlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Ludlani ufudu?
Isithombe: Vulture. noma ufudu lwengwenya
Ukudla okuyinhloko kofudu lwenqe kuhlanganisa:
- izinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene;
- izibungu;
- i-crayfish, ama-molluscs;
- imfanzi;
- ama-lobster nama-lobster;
- amaxoxo namanye ama-amphibians;
- inyoka;
- izimfudu ezincane;
- ulwelwe, iplankton.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla - izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke isilwane esivame ukuzingela kakhulu. Ufudu oluqhaqha inqe luyisilwane esiyingozi kakhulu; lunemihlathi enamandla lapho luqhekeza kalula noma iziphi izinzipho nezinzipho ezinamandla. Ufudu luphatha kalula inyamazane enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, isilwane esinobuqili sizigaxa odakeni ukuze singabonakali. Ufudu lulele lapho lunganyakazi nhlobo kuze kube yilapho inyamazane ibhukuda yaya kulo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubabaza ulimi lwakhe oluncane olufana nezikelemu. Inhlanzi engaqaphile, ibona isibungu esibomvu sizungeza ngezansi, ibhukuda yaya kuso. Ufudu, oluvumela inyamazane isondele eduze kwayo ngangokunokwenzeka, luvula umlomo wayo ngomoya ophansi bese luyayidla.
Ngaphezu kwenhlanzi, ufudu lwamanqe lungadla amaxoxo nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Kaningi, kunezimo zokudliwa kwamuntu, lapho izimfudu zalezi zinhlobo zihlasela izimfudu ezincane. Ungabamba inyoka uyidle. Futhi ufudu ludla amaqabunga aluhlaza algae, ama-molluscs amancane, ama-crustaceans. Izimfudu ezindala ziyakwazi ukubamba izinyoni zasemanzini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ufudu lwamanqe lungalala phansi ngaphansi kwamanzi lunganyakazi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-40.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ufudu lwamanqe oluvela eRed Book
Izimfudu ze-Alligator zikhetha indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo. Isirhubuluzi esinethezekile kunazo zonke sizizwa sifihlwe emanzini aminyene anodaka phakathi kohlaza lwamagatsha. Emanzini, ufudu luzolile futhi luhlasela kuphela lapho luzingela, noma lapho lizwa ingozi. Ufudu luchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphansi kwamanzi, kepha-ke, ludinga ukubhukuda phezulu njalo ngemizuzu engama-30-50 ukuze luthathe umoya, ngakho-ke isilwane esihuquzelayo sizama ukuhlala emizimbeni yamanzi engajulile. Ufudu luqala ukuziphatha ngodlame kakhulu uma uzama ukulususa endaweni yalo ejwayelekile, lapho ufudu luqala ukuzivikela futhi lungaluma kakhulu. Izimfudu azibathandi abantu, kodwa ziyabekezelela umuntu uma zingazithinti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yemihlathi enamandla, ukulunywa kwalolu hlobo lofudu kuyingozi kakhulu. Amandla okuluma angama-70 kg ngesentimitha skwele. Ufudu lungaluma umunwe womuntu ngokunyakaza okukodwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungathinti isilwane esihuquzelayo. Uma ufudu ludinga ukucoshwa, lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kwegobolondo.
Abanye abathandi bezimfudu baphupha isilwane esinjalo, kepha cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe zase-United States akuvunyelwe ukugcina lolu hlobo lofudu ekhaya, ngoba lungaba yingozi enkulu. Ngokwemvelo, izimfudu ziyizilwane eziyingozi futhi zinolaka, ngokuvamile azibonakali, kodwa ziyakhohlisa impela. Isakhiwo senhlalo asithuthukisiwe. Izimfudu zalolu hlobo zikhetha ukuhlala zodwa, zihlangane kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Imizwa yomndeni neyomzali nayo ayithuthukisiwe, kepha abesifazane banesifiso sokuzala esikhule kakhulu. Abazali cishe abanendaba nezingane zabo, kepha, izimfudu ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokuphila.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ufudu lwamanqe
Izimfudu zamanqe zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka engu-13. Ukukhwelana ngezimfudu kwenzeka echibini eliseduze nolwandle. Emva kwesikhathi esithile, insikazi iya ogwini okokuqala empilweni yayo ukuze ibekele amaqanda. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-15 kuye kwangama-40 ngasikhathi sinye. Amaqanda ezimfudu zamanqe anombala obomvana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimfudu zinamakhono amahle kakhulu wokuzulazula, ziholwa amandla kazibuthe womhlaba futhi ziyakwazi ukuthola indawo lapho zazalelwa khona uqobo, nalapho insikazi yabeka khona amaqanda okokugcina kumasentimitha aseduze.
Ufudu lungakha isidleke endaweni engajwayelekile kakhulu, maphakathi nolwandle, eduze nomgwaqo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kuhlala kutholakala ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-50 ukusuka emanzini. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi amanzi angabhubhisi isidleke ngesikhathi samanzi amakhulu. Insikazi yakha i-clutch ngokuzimela. Ngemilenze yangemuva, ufudu ludonsa umgodi oyindilinga esihlabathini, lapho luzalela khona amaqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho ugqiba amaqanda ngesihlabathi, azame ukufihla i-clutch ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kokuba ufudu luzalele amaqanda alo, lubuyela emanzini. Abazali abanandaba nenzalo yabo. Ubulili bofudu lwengane buxhomeke ezimeni amaqanda ayephakathi kwazo ngesikhathi sokufukamela. Amathole azalwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyikhulu, ukuqanduselwa kwezimfudu emaqanda kwenzeka ekwindla.
Izimfudu zichanyuselwa emhlabeni zincane kakhulu, ubukhulu bofudu olusanda kuzalwa bungamasentimitha ama-5-7 kuphela. Umbala wezimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa uluhlaza. Ziqhutshwa umuzwa wemvelo, izimfudu ezincane zihamba ngesihlabathi ziye emanzini. Noma zincane kakhulu, ziyakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwazo ngokudla izinambuzane ezincane, ama-plankton, izinhlanzi kanye nama-crustaceans. Izimfudu azisahlangani nabazali bazo, kepha abesifazane babuya eminyakeni eyi-13-15 ukuze bahlele isidleke sabo endaweni efanayo lapho bazalelwa khona.
Izitha zemvelo zezimfudu zamanqe
Isithombe: Ufudu lwenqe ngokwemvelo
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu nokubukeka okunesabekayo, izimfudu ezindala zalezi zinhlobo azinazo izitha emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, izimfudu ezincane zivame ukufa ngoba zidliwa yizilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye.
Izidleke zivame ukucekelwa phansi yizilwane ezinjengezi:
- ama-raccoon;
- ama-coyotes;
- izinja.
Sebefikile echibini, izimfudu ezincane zisengozini yokudliwa ezinye izimfudu, futhi mhlawumbe nabazali bazo. Ngakho-ke, izimfudu ezincane ngokwemvelo zizama ukucasha emahlathini otshani. Kepha isitha esiyingozi kakhulu sezimfudu zamanqe sasingumuntu futhi sihlala siyindoda. Iqiniso ngukuthi inyama yofudu iyisibiliboco esikhethekile futhi kwenziwa ngaso isobho lofudu. Futhi igobolondo lofudu oluqinile, elibiza kakhulu emakethe emnyama, liyaziswa kakhulu. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukubamba lolu hlobo lofudu, noma kunjalo, imilomo yabo eyingozi ayibavimbi abazingeli. Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kokuzingela lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, izimfudu zisabanjwa njalo.
Njalo ngonyaka lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo ziya ngokuya zincipha. IMacroclemys temminckii njengamanje ibhalwe kuRed Book futhi inesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini. Ezindaweni lapho kuke kwahlangana khona izimfudu zalesi silwane, zimbalwa kakhulu ezisele. Ukuze kulondolozwe lezi zinhlobo, kukhuliswa izimfudu eziqiwini naseziqiwini zemvelo.
Ukulondolozwa kwezimfudu zamanqe
Isithombe: Ufudu lwamanqe oluvela eRed Book
Ezindaweni zemvelo zalolu hlobo lofudu, ziba zincipha minyaka yonke. Ngaphandle kokuthi iMacroclemys temminckii ivikelwe kahle kakhulu yimvelo uqobo futhi ayinazitha zemvelo, inani labantu lincipha ngokushesha. Namuhla, izimfudu zamanqe ziqothulwa cishe ngabantu, kuphela ngoba inyama yalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ibhekwa njengesibiliboco. Ukuvikela izimfudu e-United States, kwavinjelwa ukuzingelwa, ngezimfudu zamanqe, kodwa-ke, abazingeli abazingeli abasavame ukuzizingela.
Ukuze uthuthukise inani labantu, izimfudu zalezi zinhlobo zizalelwa ekuthunjweni. Emabhange oMfula iMississippi, amapaki kazwelonke nezinqolobane zakhiwe, ukuzingela akuvunyelwe lapho futhi zonke izilwane ziyavikelwa. Lezi yizindawo ezinjenge-Effeji Mounds National Park, iLask Krilk, indawo enkulu yokongiwa kwemvelo, etholakala osebeni lwesobunxele loMfula iMississippi, indawo yokulondoloza imvelo eDelta nezinye eziningi. Futhi, izimfudu zamanqe ziphila ngempumelelo futhi zizalane kabusha esiqiwini semvelo sedolobha laseChicago.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ezindaweni zokuhlala lezi zimfudu akuvumelekile ukuzigcina ekhaya, kwamanye amazwe omhlaba, abathandi abaningi banezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Okwamanje, akuvunyelwe ukuthengisa izimfudu ngisho nokuzalanisa kwasekhaya, ngoba zimbalwa kakhulu ezisele.
Ufudu lwenqe isilwane esimangalisa ngempela. Babukeka njengama-dinosaurs wangempela, indlela yabo yokuzingela ayinakuphindwa nganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane, ngoba babamba inyamazane ngolimi lwabo. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi kangaka lolu hlobo lukhona emhlabeni wethu, ngakho-ke ake sikwenze ukuze labo bantu abazohlala kule planethi ngokuzayo bakwazi ukubona lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo. Vikela imvelo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 21
