Okwamanje, kunohlobo lwezingulube ezingama-22 kuphela emhlabeni, kepha phakathi kwazo zonke eziningi, kuneqembu elihlukile lezilwane elibizwa nge-babirus. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile, babokusa noma inyamazane yengulube, kwehluke ngokusobala kuzo zonke izihlobo zazo. Lesi yisilwane esingajwayelekile, esisengozini yokuqothulwa, esinezici zaso futhi esinendawo elinganiselwe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Babirussa
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo olumangazayo kwalotshwa ngo-1658, kukhona ngisho nombono wokuthi amaRoma afunda ngokuba khona kwezingane zasendulo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokuqala AD. Izilwane zathola elinye lamagama okuqala anamuhla ngo-1758. Kuhunyushwe kusuka olimini lwesiMalay, igama elithi babirussa lisho inyamazane yengulube, kepha yize kukhona umehluko omkhulu, i-babirussa ibukeka ifana nezingulube.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokwemiphumela yezifundo ezithile zesayensi, kufakazelwe ukuthi lezi zinhlotshana zihlobene kakhulu nezimvubu. Kuze kube muva nje, izilwane bezihlukaniswa njengohlobo olulodwa, kepha ngemuva kocwaningo oluningiliziwe lokwehluka kwazo, ekwakhekeni kogebhezi, amazinyo, usayizi nejazi.
Izazi zezilwane zikhombe izinhlobo ezi-4 eziyinhloko:
- umabhebhana. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane, ezitholakala eziqhingini zaseBuru naseSula, ngokuyisisekelo zinombala okhanyayo, isikhumba esincane, cishe ngaphandle kwezinwele;
- babyrousa bolabatuensis. Izilwane ezihlala kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu yesiqhingi saseSulawesi;
- babyrousa celebensis. UBabiruss waseSulawesi, ophanga eSulawesi, unesikhumba esimnyama ngaphezu kweningizimu yesiqhingi;
- babyrousa togeanensis. Inani labantu eliseziqhingini ezincane zeziqhingi ezinhle zaseTogo.
Umehluko phakathi kwabantu nokuhlukaniswa kwabo kuxhomeke ngqo endaweni yokuhlala, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla kwabo, kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olunzulu lwe-babiruss luphazanyiswa ukwehla okukhulu kwabantu babo. Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezikhona, kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezingasindanga kuze kube namuhla.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo, izingulube, i-babirussi azilokothi zimbe izimpuphu zazo emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwenhlabathi eyixhaphozi, ezihlala zodwa noma emihlanjini emincane, zibhekwa njengezimbuzi zehlathi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingulube babirusa
Isici esiyinhloko nesici esihlukanisayo salezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezivela ezihlotsheni zazo zezingulube yiminyango yazo engavamile egobile. Ama-canine angenhla akhula kuyo yonke impilo, azigoqa phambi kwempumulo. Uma zingagugi noma zingaphukile, ngesikhathi sokulwa nabanye abantu, ngenxa yesikhumba esincane, amazinyo akhula abe yimizimba yawo, akhe indandatho. Lezi zimpondo zingakhula zifike ku-30-40 cm futhi zikhule ziqonde ngqo kugebhezi.
Ividiyo: Babirussa
Naphezu kwakho konke ukubukeka okwesabekayo, amazinyo entekenteke impela, futhi ngenxa yendawo engathandeki, ama-babirussians awasebenziseli ukuthola ukudla noma njengesikhali. Inhloso eqondile yalawa ma-canine ayimisiwe ncamashi, kepha ama-incisors anjalo atholakala kuphela kwabesilisa, kanti abesifazane banama-canine aphansi kuphela. Kusukela ekubonweni kwezazi zezilwane, lezi zimpondo ziyinto ebalulekile kowesifazane lapho ekhetha umlingani.
Ngenxa yohlobo olungajwayelekile lwamazinyo nokuntuleka kolwazi olunembile ngokusetshenziswa kwawo, izakhamizi zendawo zinezinganekwane nezinkolelo ezingenasisekelo. Ngokwenguqulo eyodwa, amazinyo we-babirus ayadingeka ukunamathela ezihlahleni futhi aphumule endaweni yokulenga. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ama-canine ahambelana nobudala besilwane futhi ekugcineni kwendlela yabo yokuphila iba yinde kangangokuba ikhula ngogebhezi bese ibulala isilwane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona umbono wokuthi ngosizo lwamazinyo agobekile, owesilisa ususa umgwaqo emahlathini, enzele umndeni wakhe, kepha le mbono nayo ayikatholi isiqinisekiso sesayensi.
Esinye isici esingachazeki sezingulube imilenze yenyamazane emide nama-bristles amancane, angahluka ngemibala ehlukene nebhantshi elide. Umbala wesikhumba oyinhloko walezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ikakhulukazi amathoni akhanyayo ansundu nampunga. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ama-subspecies akhethekile, isikhumba sabo bonke abantu sincane kakhulu futhi sishwabene, okubenza babe sengozini, ngisho nasezinja.
Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa ngokuvamile basondele ngosayizi wengulube ejwayelekile. Zikhula zingadluli kuma-70-80 kg, aze afike kwimitha ubude, abe nesici esigobile emuva, esinekhanda elincane nezindlebe ezimfushane. Okuwukuphela kokufana okucacile phakathi kwe-babirus nezingulube izithende zabo nemisindo abayenzayo, baxhumana ngokugquma, ukukhala nangemihlathi.
Uhlala kuphi uBabirusa?
Isithombe: Babirussa ngokwemvelo
IBabirussa ihlukile futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezilwane eMhlabeni, indawo yokuhlala egxile eziqhingini ezincane zase-Indonesia, okuyiziqhingi zaseMalay Archipelago:
- Sulawesi;
- Buru;
- USula;
- I-Togian.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, lezi zilwane azikho kwenye indawo lapho zingatholakala khona. Ngokomlando, amaBabirussians ayehlala kuso sonke isiqhingi saseSulawesi, kepha ngekhulu le-19 base belahlekile ngokuphelele eningizimu ntshonalanga yesiqhingi.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo, izingulube, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo azi ukuthi zimba kanjani umhlabathi ukuze zibheke izikelemu, amabhungane nokunye ukudla. Ngakho-ke, bahlala ikakhulukazi osebeni lwemifula, amachibi, anezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi noma ngisho nasezintabeni eziseduze nolwandle, lapho kutholakala khona uhlaza olunomsoco ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Ihlathi lemvula seliyikhaya eliyintandokazi futhi okuwukuphela kwalo le-babiruss, lapho libeka uphawu indawo yabo, futhi usuku lonke bahamba ezindleleni ezinzima befuna ukudla.
Ama-Bariruse yizilwane ezisengozini enkulu, ngakho-ke ahlala ezindaweni ezingenazo izidumbu, futhi okokuqala kubantu, ekhuphuka izindawo ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu emahlathini emvula. Futhi, lesi silwane sitholakala ekuthunjweni, emaphoyiseni aphakathi komhlaba, lapho bezama ukugcina nokwandisa inani lale ngulube eyingqayizivele.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isilwane se-babirusa. Ake sibone ukuthi idlani le ngulube yasendle.
Idla ngani ibabirusa?
Isithombe: Animal Babirusa
Isisu nesistimu yokugaya ukudla ye-babirus ifana kakhulu neyezimvu nezinye izilwane ezihlafunwayo kunezingulube. Izilwane zimunca kahle ifayibha, ngakho-ke ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko izitshalo ezine-herbaceous kanye nama-shrub shrots, ngenkathi zingakwazi ukuma ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, zikhiphe amaqabunga akhula phezulu ezihlahleni.
Lokhu kungama-omnivores, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga amnandi notshani, angadla:
- izithelo;
- amajikijolo;
- amantongomane;
- amakhowe;
- inhlanzi;
- amagxolo ezihlahla;
- izimbali;
- izinambuzane;
- izibungu.
Kepha ukuze badle izibungu ezinambuzane ezinomsoco noma izimpande zezitshalo, abazisebenzisi amazinyo abo nezimpumulo zabo, njengezingulube ezijwayelekile, kepha bagubha yonke into ngosizo lwezinselo zabo ezinamandla. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ama-babirus angababhukudi abahle kakhulu, bayakujabulela ukungena emanzini, bangabhukuda bawele umfula obanzi, babhekane kalula nomsinga oqinile, badle izinhlanzi zomfula noma nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Abantu abaningi bahlala njalo ogwini lolwandle, bathola konke abakudingayo ekudleni kwabo ezansi kolwandle, emanzini aphansi.
Izingulube ezincane zondla ngobisi lwebele izinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, kepha lapho sezineminyaka eyishumi zandisa ukudla kwazo ngokudla okuqinile. Kuma-zoo, ukudla kwezilwane kufaka utshani, i-hay, ulethisi, izaqathe, umango neminye imifino nezithelo eziningi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ingulube yasendle babirusa
Ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kwenani labantu baseBabirus, indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kwabo akwaziwa ngokugcwele. Izilwane zikhetha indawo yokuhlala enzima ukuze zivikeleke, zingaphumula futhi zigcwale amatshe usuku lonke.
Abantu bahlala bodwa, impilo eyodwa, abesifazane bangahlangana ngamaqembu amancane akhiwe ngabantu abasha kuphela. Umsebenzi wabo omkhulu ubonwa emini, njengazo zonke izingulube, bathanda ukuzigingqa emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela balahle ama-parasites esikhumba, kepha, ngokungafani nezingulube, abathandi ukuzulazula odakeni noma ukuzenzela umbhede wotshani, kepha khetha amadamu ahlanzekile noma izindawo ezivulekile ...
Abesilisa beBabirus bavame ukulima isihlabathi esithambile, ngoba lokhu baguqa phansi baphakamise ikhanda labo phambili, bakha umsele ojulile, lapho benza kanjalo, bakhipha ukuhayiza nokubhonga, bakhipha amathe abilayo. Izazi eziningi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi yile ndlela owesilisa enza ngayo umsebenzi wokumaka okunephunga, kepha awukho umbono oqondile futhi ofanayo.
Naphezu kwayo yonke ingozi evela kubantu, i-babirusa inomlingiswa onobungane, baxhumana kalula, bathanjiswa ngokushesha. Ukuhlala ekuthunjweni isikhathi esithile, izilwane zingakhombisa umdlandla nenjabulo, phambi kwabantu abajwayelene, zihlikihla umsila nekhanda zihle. Konke lokhu kuchaza i-babiruss njengezilwane ezizwelayo nezisabelayo. Lezi zilwane ezinobuntu obuhle zingabonisa ubudlova ezimweni ezimbalwa kuphela, lapho abesilisa belwela insikazi nalapho bevikela izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: amawundlu kaBabirus
Ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu balezi zinhlobo zezilwane ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa usayizi kadoti ophansi. Owesifazane unezindlala ezimbili kuphela zamabele, okungukuthi, izingono ezimbili. Ngesinye isikhathi, angazala amawundlu angaphezu kwamabili, ahlala ezalwa ngabobulili obufanayo, lokhu kungenye into ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa i-babirus ezihlotsheni zayo zezingulube.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ezingulubeni zezinyamazane kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ezinyangeni eziyishumi. Isikhathi sokukhwela sisukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti, lapho kunezimpi phakathi kwezimbangi zesilisa, ezigcina ngokukhwelana. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu. Ama-babirusas asanda kuzalwa awanayo imivimbo yokuzivikela noma yokufihla esikhunjeni sawo, okwenza kube lula ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye. I-babirussa yesifazane iziveza njengomama onokwethenjelwa nokhathalelayo, evikela ngokuqinile izingane zakhe kunoma iyiphi ingozi, uma kwenzeka kuba ne-alamu, angajaha nomuntu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zinhlobo ukumelana kwayo nezifo eziningi kanye nokuzivikela okuqinile, okungokwemvelo, izingulube ezejwayelekile ezingakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngazo. Naphezu kwakho konke ukungathobeki, ukuzalanisa akuzuzisi kakhulu, ngenxa yenzalo encane.
Isikhathi sokuphila salaba bantu singaba side impela futhi sibe phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-25, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokudla. Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa njalo kwezilwane ezizingelayo nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, izilwane ziphila iminyaka engaba yishumi.
Izitha zemvelo zebabirus
Isithombe: Ingulube babirusa
I-babiruss yabantu abadala inezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu nezithandekayo, okubavumela ukuthi babalekele ngempumelelo kunoma yiluphi usongo, kepha njengezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, i-babirus inezitha zayo. Izitha zemvelo zifaka cishe zonke izidumbu ezihlala endaweni enikeziwe. Esikhathini esiningi, izimpi phakathi kwenyamazane yengulube zingenzeka ngehlosi, nabanye abameleli bomndeni we-feline, ngoba kulezi zilwane ezinkulu, akukho lutho oluhlwabusayo kunenyama yokudla okumnandi ye-babirus.
Ingwenya ayinabungozi obuncane kunoma yisiphi isilwane, ikakhulukazi i-babirus. Ukuhlala emanzini nasendaweni yasogwini, banokuphendula okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, izingwenya zibamba noma yisiphi isisulu esisondela emanzini. Njengoba unikezwe usayizi omncane nesikhumba esincane se-babirus, kuba umoya oheleza isiqhwaga esinjalo. Kubantu abancane nabancane, izinhlwathi zibeka engcupheni enkulu, engahlasela, emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngokukhala nangokukhama isisulu sayo, i-python ingagwinya umuntu omkhulu ngokwanele.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwezazi eziningi zezilwane, i-babirussi ihlala endaweni lapho izilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo zingekho. Isitha esiyinhloko salolu hlobo luhlala lungumuntu, siphuca izilwane indawo yazo yemvelo, zibulala izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ngezinhloso zazo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Babirusy
Ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi njalo nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, kusukela ngeminyaka yama-90s, inani labantu lehle kakhulu futhi lehla nsuku zonke. Naphezu kwakho konke ukwenqatshelwa, abantu bendawo bayaqhubeka nokuzingela lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile, besebenzisa izindlela zokuzingela ezingenasihe, bazishayele izingibe ngosizo lwezinja, izilwane ezesabayo futhi bazibulale ngesihluku. Inyama yeBabirus yaziswa ngokunambitheka kwayo okukhethekile nokwakheka kokudla. Futhi amazinyo ezilwane asebenza njengesisekelo sazo zonke izinhlobo zobuciko nezinto eziyizikhumbuzo.
Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwehla kwenani le-babirus:
- ukungalawulwa okwanele kokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho;
- ukwanda kwabantu besiqhingi;
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ngenxa yezibalo ezinjalo ezingaduduzi, okwamanje kunezinkulungwane zezilwane ezingama-4. Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuzalela emhlabeni wonke ukuze kwandiswe inani lalezi zingulube zasendle ekuthunjweni futhi kuvimbele ukuphela kwazo ngokuphelele. Kuma-zoo amaningi, kungenzeka ngempumelelo hhayi kuphela ukugcina ukunakekelwa okufanele, kepha futhi nokuzala inzalo esivele isekuthunjweni. Ngokwamarekhodi omlando, inzalo yokuqala ekuthunjweni yazalelwa eParis ngo-1884. Maphakathi nawo-1990, ama-babirussians abe yizakhamizi zama-zoo acishe abe yi-30 emhlabeni jikelele, anesilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila engaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa zeminyaka engama-20. Ukusuka lapho singaphetha ngokuthi isilwane sihamba kahle nabantu futhi sizizwa sikhululekile ekuthunjweni.
Unogada babiruss
Isithombe: Babirussa ovela kwiRed Book
IBabirussa iyinhlobo yezilwane endala kunazo zonke, efela ngokushesha, efakwe ohlwini lweRed Book. Ukulawulwa kwabantu kuthathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezizama ukwenza izindlela eziningi zokongiwa kwemvelo ezinomthelela ekusindisweni kwalesi silwane.
Insimu ekhethekile yabekelwa eceleni, engaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni, kepha ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwale ndawo kanye nokushoda kwezimali zezezimali, kunzima kakhulu ukuxhasa amaphrojekthi anjalo. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo nokuvikelwa okuvela kuhulumeni wase-Indonesia nokulawulwa kwezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba, ukubulawa nokudoba izilwane ngokungemthetho kuyaqhubeka.
Uma, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, izindawo zamapaki kazwelonke zingekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile nokuvikelwa kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni, ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezikahle zokuphila kwalezi zilwane eziyingqayizivele, kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi, lolu hlobo lunganyamalala ngokuphelele kuzo zonke iziqhingi ezakhiwe.
Babirussa - esinye sezilwane ezindala kunazo zonke esisindile kuze kube manje, sinomlingiswa omnene, ukuzinikela emndenini waso ngisho nakubantu abenza i-babiruss impilo yonke ekuthunjweni. Kodwa-ke, kungenxa yabantu ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yokunyamalala kwabo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, okuningi kuncike kithina nobudlelwano bethu nemvelo. Lesi silwane sihlale sizidonsela amehlo ngokukhethekile, othile wasithanda, washo kumanoveli nasezindabeni zabo, njengoba kwenza uJules Verne, encwadini yakhe ethi "Amashumi Amabili Amakhulu Amaligi Angaphansi KoLwandle", futhi othile uzingela inzuzo noma indebe nje.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.07.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-22: 30
