Uma ukhuluma ngezinyoni zaseYurophu ezinemisindo engajwayelekile, umuntu akakwazi ukusho i-fieldberry thrush. Muva nje, lo mmeli ubenzima kakhulu ukuhlangana naye edolobheni. Namuhla, ngenxa yokusabalala okusheshayo kwezihlahla ze-rowan, kulula kakhulu ukuhlangana ne-thrush ethanda amajikijolo ayo. Uzoqonda ngokushesha ukuthi kuyini i-field thrush... Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni kanye ne-trill engavamile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Blackberry fieldberry
Umkhakha wensimu ungowombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwezingxabano, isigaba sezinyoni nokuhleleka kwabadlulayo (amaPasserifomu). Leli qembu lihlanganisa abamele abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu futhi libhekwa njengenye yeziningi kakhulu ekubunjweni. Abantu abakule oda bahanjiswa emhlabeni wonke. Kakhulu bahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo. Bakhetha impilo yasehlathini kunokuphila emadolobheni. Futhi abanye abamele bangachitha yonke iminyaka eyabelwe esihlahleni. Umndeni, ofaka umlotha wasensimini, ubizwa nge- "Drozdov" (Turdidae).
Abamele bayo babonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- amancane (amancane naphakathi) osayizi - 10-30 cm;
- uqonde (kodwa ugobile kancane phezulu) uqhwaku;
- amaphiko abanzi ayindingilizi;
- umsila oqondile;
- indawo yokuhlala - amahlathi, izihlahla, amahlathi.
Umbala wezinyoni ezimnyama ungaba ukukhanya okuthobekile noma okungafani ngokugqamile. Zonke izinyoni zaleli qembu elingaphansi zidla amajikijolo nezinambuzane. Zingagcinwa zombili zodwa noma ngababili, nasemhlambini. I-Fieldfare ikhethwa kunendlela yokugcina yokuhamba. Zihamba ziyimihlambi, zikhipha ukukhala okukhulu okufushane. Bazinikela ngokubhonga okukhulu ("Trr ...", "Tshchek") nangesikhathi sokudleke.
Ividiyo: Blackberry fieldberry
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu esigaba se-thrush, i-fieldfare ayesabi kangako futhi ayifihli kangako. Kulula kakhulu ukuhlangana nazo eduze (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza komlotha wezintaba). Ingoma yabo icacile, kepha ithule kakhulu. Ukudlula esihlahleni samajikijolo abomvu nokuzwa uqhekeko oluyinqaba oluphela nge-perky "… isonto", ungaqiniseka ukuthi kwenye indawo emahlathini amagatsha i-fieldberry izinze, idla umuthi oyithandayo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi amatshwele we-fieldberry thrush abukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi le nyoni ethokozisayo ihlala kuphi nokuthi idlani.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-bird thrush fieldfare
Ngisho nalabo abangawazi kahle ama-trill wezinyoni bangahlukanisa kalula phakathi kwabo bonke abanye abameleli besigaba somlotha wasensimini. Lokhu kungenxa yokubukeka okumibalabala komuntu ngamunye.
Izici zangaphandle zezilwane ezifudukayo zingamelwa ngokulandelayo:
- umbala - multicolor. Inhloko yezinyoni ivame ukuba mpunga. Umsila umnyama ngokombala ubonakala umnyama. Ngemuva kunemibala ensundu. Isisu (njengezinye izinyoni eziningi ezimnyama) sehlukile ngokwasemuva kombala ojwayelekile - simhlophe. I-brisket ine-apron ephuzi emnyama enamachashazi amancane. Ulwelwesi lwamaphiko (olubonakala lapho inyoni indiza) lumhlophe;
- ubukhulu buphakathi. Izinyoni zasendle zingaphansi kakhulu ngosayizi kuma-jackdaws, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ziphakeme kunezinkanyezi. Ngosayizi, acishe afane nenyoni emnyama. Isisindo esiphezulu ngu-140 g (owesilisa) no-105 g (owesifazane). Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala abufinyeleli kumasentimitha angama-28. Iphiko lamaphiko libanzi ngokwanele - cishe ngama-45 cm;
- umlomo ubukhali. Ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izinyoni, indawo yensimu ihlukanisa kahle uqhwaku lwayo olukhanyayo oluphuzi. Ingaphezulu layo limnyama. Ubude bomlomo buba phakathi kuka-1.5 kuya ku-3 cm.Lobu bude banele ngokwanele ukumunca izinambuzane ezincane nokudla izithelo zomuthi womlotha wasentabeni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Umbala wowesilisa nowesifazane ucishe ufane. Isici esivelele ngosayizi wabamele insimu kuphela.
Ngezinguquko zesimo sezulu sonyaka, ukubukeka kwenkundla yenkambu kushintshiwe. Umbala kuphela womlomo oguqukayo (kusuka ophuzi okhanyayo uye ku-buffy), kanye ne-apron ebomvu, etholakala esifubeni somuntu ngamunye, nayo iyanda.
Uhlala kuphi inyoni yasensimini?
Isithombe: I-Thrush fieldfare eRussia
Namuhla, abasebenza emasimini bangatholakala kuyo yonke i-Eurasia esenyakatho (kusuka eCape Roka kuye eCape Dezhnev). Izinyoni zihlala zodwa futhi ziyimizulane.
Ebusika, iningi labantu likhetha ukuchitha isikhathi emazweni alandelayo:
- INyakatho ye-Afrika iyingxenye ye-Afrika, ehlanganisa amazwe anjenge: Egypt, Sudan, Libya, njll. Lesi sifunda siheha izinyoni ngezindawo zemvelo zaseMedithera. Iningi lensimu lihlala iSahara.
- IYurophu (Ephakathi neseNingizimu) - isifunda esifaka phakathi amazwe aseMedithera, kanye nezindawo ezingeyona ingxenye yeCIS. Insimu ihlukaniswa yizimo ezolile, inhlabathi evundile kanye nenqwaba yezitshalo (okudingeka kakhulu empilweni ejwayelekile ye-thrush yasensimini).
- I-Asia yingxenye eyindilinga (ikakhulukazi iTurkey). Izimo zezulu zendawo ziyizintaba futhi zinezici zesimo sezulu sezwekazi. E-Aegean naseLwandle iMedithera, ubusika bumnene futhi buzolile.
Izinyoni nazo zihlala emazweni e-CIS. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenani elanele lezihlahla ze-rowan, kungenzeka zingandizeli ebusika ezindaweni zakwamanye amazwe nhlobo. Abasebenza emasimini bathanda ukuhlala emathafeni akhule ngokweqile, emahlathini nasemiphethweni yawo. Isidingo esikhulu sendawo yokuhlala indawo eseduze yezimfunda ezimanzi. Ngeke kusebenze ukuhlangana nalezi zinyoni ehlathini elijulile. Isidleke se-thrushes izinyanga ezimbalwa (kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abasizi bensimu bakha izidleke zabo ikakhulukazi emapayini, ama-alders, ama-oki kwimfoloko esiqwini. Zonke izingxenye (ubulembu, amagatsha) ahlangana "ngaphansi komlomo" asebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Umenzeli wokubopha ubumba, udaka, umhlaba omanzi. Umphumela wemisebenzi uyisakhiwo esikhulu esimise isitsha esinendawo engezansi impela.
Ukufika esidlekeni se-fieldfare akulula kangako. Izinyoni zakha ikhaya lazo ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Izinga lokwakha eliphezulu lingu-6 m.
Ngabe i-thrush yasensimini idlani?
Isithombe: I-Grush thrush fieldfare
Ngokuya ngegama le-thrush, singaphetha ngokuthi ukudla akuthandayo ngamajikijolo e-rowan. Lesi siphetho sinembile impela. Yilezi zithelo i-fieldberry edla ehlobo.
Izinyanga ezimbalwa ezisele, ukudla kwakhe kufaka:
- iminenke (ama-gastropods anegobolondo langaphandle);
- izikelemu zomhlaba (ukudla kwendawo yonke okutholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni);
- izinambuzane (kokubili amabhungane amancane, amaphela kanye nabamele izindiza besigaba, kanye nezibungu zabo).
Ubumnandi obuthandwa kakhulu be-fieldfare ngamajikijolo. Yini okusengozini hhayi ngezithelo zomlotha wentaba kuphela. Izinyoni zikhanga ngokukhethekile kumaswidi, ngenxa yazo lapho ziphoqeleka ukuba ziyofuna amajikijolo amnandi ezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo. Phakathi kwentaba yomlotha kanye nesihlahla esinezithelo ezimnandi, i-fieldberry nakanjani izokhetha inketho yesibili. Banelisekile ngama-rowan thrushes kuphela uma kungekho ezinye izithelo. Ukunambitheka koshukela nokunambitheka okuncane kwalawa majikijolo kuphazamisa ukulangazelela ushukela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyoni zasendle zinenkumbulo enhle. Njengoba sezidlile kanye izithelo ezimnandi zesihlahla, izinyoni zikhumbula ngokushesha indawo esikuyo. Noma ukuhlanzwa kugcwele ezinye izihlahla ezinkulu, i-fieldberry, okokuqala, izodla lesi sitshalo, ukunambitheka kwaso sekuhloliwe nguye.
Ama-fieldbushes adla iminenke nezibungu ngenxa yokushoda okuyisisekelo kwezithelo ezintsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukumuncwa kwemisundu kuyaye kuphele ngokufa kwezinyoni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izidalwa ezingaphansi komhlaba zitheleleke ngama-nematode, inani elikhulu umzimba we-thrushes ongakwazi ukulithwala.
Ngenxa yokuthi izihlahla ze-rowan ezisanda kutholakala ziya ngokuya zitholakala emazweni e-CIS, sekulula kakhulu ukubona izidleke ze-thrushes kuzo (ngisho nasebusika). Izinyoni zihlala phezu komuthi ngqo ezihlahleni ezivundile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Drozd fieldfare eMoscow
Indlela yempilo yenkambu yasensimini incike ezimweni zezulu zendawo lapho ihlala khona, kanye nasekuvundeni kwenhlabathi yayo.
Izinyoni zingaqhuba lezi zinhlobo zokuphila ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlala phansi - ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa unyaka wonke, indawo yezidleke kuphela engashintsha (lokhu kungenxa yokutholakala kwezihlahla ezivundile kakhulu);
- izindwendwe - izindiza eziya emazweni afudumele ebusika bese zibuyela ezweni lakubo kuphela lapho kuqala intwasahlobo.
Ucwaningo lwe-fieldfare lubonise ukuthi lezo zinyoni obekufanele zishiye indawo yazo yokuzalwa ngenxa yokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo zibuya zisuka "phesheya" zaya ezweni lazo kungekudala - maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ama-thrushes ahamba ikakhulukazi emihlambini. Iqembu elilodwa lifaka izinyoni ezifika ku-100. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika ezweni labo lokuzalwa, insimu ihlangana. Ekuqaleni, bakhetha "ukuhlala ngaphandle" emaphethelweni amahlathi, emaphethelweni. Kulapha lapho izinyoni zilinda khona ukuncibilika kweqhwa nethuba lokufuna ukudla.
Ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile, umhlambi wenkambu efikile wehlukaniswe waba ngamakholoni abizwa kanjalo. Iqembu ngalinye elisha linomholi walo. Umndeni oholelwayo uqala ukufuna indawo yokwakha izidleke nokudla uqobo. Ikoloni elilodwa linezinyoni ezingaba ngu-20. Ngokwemvelo yazo, izinyoni zasendle zinempilo futhi zinesibindi. Ngokungafani nalabo afunda nabo, abesabi ukubhekana nezitha ezinkulu. Ubuningi bokuvikelwa kweqembu busezimpikweni zabaholi bamakholoni.
Izikhali zabasebenza enkundleni ngamatshe nomswani. Ngesikhathi sokulwa nesitha, bavuka baye phezulu kakhulu futhi baphonsa itshe esitheni. I-hit ithembisa umonakalo omkhulu kule nyoni. Ngemuva kokuphonswa, inkambu yensimu "iklomelisa" isisulu sayo ngosisi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukwenza izimpiko zisinde futhi zinamathele (okwenza ukwakheka okucacile kungenzeki).
Iqiniso elihehayo: Umuntu odlula ngaphansi "kwempi" angaba futhi isisulu senkundla yezempi. Vele, kuzokwazi ukuphuma empini uphila. Kepha kuhlanzekile - akunjalo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Owesifazane we-thrush fieldfare
Ukuhlukaniswa kwensimu yensimu ngokocansi kusho ukwehlukaniswa kwazo zonke izinyoni zibe ezeduna nezinsikazi. Izici ezihlukanisayo kuphela phakathi kwazo ubukhulu. Njengoba amakoloni ebuyela emakhaya kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, abesifazane bakulungele ukuqeda inzalo entsha esekuvele ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kabusha okuqondile, ingxenye yesifazane yekoloni le-thrushes iqala ukwakhiwa okusebenzayo. Yizinsikazi ezidala izimo zokuphila kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo - isidleke. Ngaphandle, isakhiwo sibukeka sikhulu. Ijulile futhi inamandla ngokwanele. Ngaphakathi, "indlu" imbozwe ngensimbi ekhethekile ethambile.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Fieldfare kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingatshala kuze kufike emaqanda ayi-7 aluhlaza. Unina wabo ubavikela cishe izinsuku eziyi-15-20.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, iduna alimuniki ukudla. Omama bezintaba zomlotha kufanele bafune ukudla futhi bagcwalise okwabo ngokwabo. Ubaba uvikela isidleke sakhe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi avikele namanye amalungu ekoloni.
Amachwane aqanduselwa maphakathi noMeyi. Cishe isigamu senyanga, inkambu encane yensimu ingaphansi kokuqondiswa kukanina. Kokubili insikazi nokweduna kunika amawundlu ukudla. Ngosuku olulodwa lwasemini, abazali baletha ukudla esidlekeni izikhathi ezingaba ngu-100-150. Amantshontsho adla cishe izikhathi eziyi-13 ngehora.
Amabele okuqala adla kakhulu izinambuzane nezibungu. Lezi zamuva ziwela enkathini yamajikijolo futhi ziyaneliseka ngamajikijolo, umlotha wasentabeni, ama-strawberry nezinye izithelo. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, amaphuphu aphuma esidlekeni. Imfundo yabazali (izindiza, ukudla) sekunesikhathi iqhubeka. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyoni ziya "kubhukuda mahhala". Insikazi isilungele ukubanjwa kwesibili ngoJuni. Inani lamawundlu liyancipha ngenzalo ngayinye.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoni zasendle
Isithombe: I-Thrush fieldfare emvelweni
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, inkambu yenkundla inenqwaba yezitha. Izilwane eziningi ezidlayo zifisa ukuzitika ngenyoni encane ephilayo.
Phakathi kwabaphikisi abababayo be-thrushes, abantu abalandelayo bangaqashelwa:
- Amagwababa echobana. Abamele abakhulu kakhulu beklasi labapasile abaphuthelwa yithuba lokudlalela inzalo engakachanyuselwa noma ebuthakathaka kakhulu ye-thrush. Ngalezi zinhloso, amagwababa ahlala kude nezisulu zawo. Njengoba belinde umzuzu ofanele, bahlasela isidleke se-fieldfare futhi basichithe. Kepha lo mphumela wezehlakalo awujwayelekile kuwo wonke amacala. Ukuhlasela okuningi kugcina ngokunqotshwa okuphelele kwamagwababa. I-Fieldfare iyinyoni enesibindi futhi enamandla. Bangakwazi ukubhekana nesitha esikhulu esinezimpaphe ngisho bebodwa;
- amaprotheni. Izitha ezinjalo ziyingozi ikakhulukazi kubagibeli bezinkundla abasungule izidleke zazo ezihlahleni ezinde. Ihamba eduze kwamagatsha, ingwejeje iyangena ngesinono esidlekeni, imunca konke okukuyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma owesilisa ebona ingwejeje esondelayo, uzokwazi ukuyixosha (ngamaphiko aqinile amaphiko ayo nokuchofoza).
Ezinye izilwane ezidlayo nazo zizingela i-fieldfare: ama-falcons, ama-hawk, ama-woodpeckers, izikhova nama-jays. Noma yiziphi izilwane noma izinyoni ezikwazi ukufinyelela esidlekeni se-fieldfare esisendaweni ephakeme kakhulu zingasebenza njengomzingeli.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abasizi bendawo banesibindi kangangokuba bakulungele ukuvikela leli koloni ezitheni ngokuphindwe kaningana kunezinyoni ngosayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezimnyama zivame ukusiza abafo bazo abanezimpaphe.
Kodwa ngisho nezinyoni ezinesibindi ezinjalo azikwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvikela umhlambi wazo. Ukuhlaselwa kweMisa kungadala ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwekoloni yasensimini. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu singaba nomthelela kulokhu. Kukhona nezimo ezaziwayo lapho igwababa elalikhanyisa isidleke lingajeziswa ngenxa yomuntu ogxambukela empini. Ama-thrushes asaba abantu.
Naphezu kokulwa kwayo, i-fieldfare ayikwazi ukulimaza ezinye izinyoni ngaphandle kokusongela impilo yayo. Izinyoni zivame ukuvikela abantu abancane, zivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Imvamisa, amagwababa ezwa izingcingo eziyinqaba zomlotha wasensimini esidlekeni se-chaffinch ancamela ukujikela endiza aye kolunye uhlangothi, ashiye uhlelo lokuhlaselwa kwecala elilandelayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Blackbird fieldberry ebusika
Isigaba se-fieldfare sithathwa njengesiyingi sama-oda we-blackbird. Kubandakanya inani elikhulu labamele, inani eliqondile okungenakwenzeka ukubala. Izinyoni zisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Babhekwa ngenkuthalo eBelarus naseRussia (ikakhulukazi iSt. Petersburg, iKaliningrad). Ngokusho kweziphetho zesayensi ezifingqiwe ngemiphumela yocwaningo, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokuncipha kwenani lohlobo.
Ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa okusebenzayo komlotha wezintaba endaweni yamazwe e-CIS, lo muntu wayengomunye wezivakashi ezingavamile. Namuhla, inani lamakholoni abuya minyaka yonke landa kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, abamele izinyoni ezimnyama bahlala ezindaweni zabo zemvelo nasemapaki kazwelonke. Ukuziphatha kwezinyoni akuxhomekile ohlotsheni lwendawo ezihlala kuyo.
Abahamba ngezinyawo bazijwayeza kahle izindawo ezintsha futhi badle ngokuhlukile. Azesabi ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukuzingela izinyoni ezinjalo akuthandwa, ngoba mancane ngosayizi futhi kunalokho akudala (emehlweni omzingeli). Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi sizokwazi ukubuka abamele abanesibindi nabangenasibindi be-thrush isikhathi eside (kuze kube yilapho umlotha wezintaba uyeka ukukhula).
I-Fieldfare iyinyoni ethokozisayo kuzo zonke izinhlelo. Ayakhanga ngokubukeka futhi anethalente elingavamile emkhakheni wama-trill wezinyoni. Zincane ngosayizi, zilwa ngokungesabi, zixosha noma yimuphi umhlaseli endaweni yazo zijabhile. I-hazel ye-Blackbird ibuyela njalo ezweni labo, noma yikuphi lapho belethwa khona "ngumoya osizayo".Kulula ukuzibona lezi zinyoni. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ezindaweni ezinezihlahla eziningi. Ukuhlangana nomuntu onjalo kuzoshiya uphawu olumnandi enkumbulweni yakho (ngaphandle kokuthi uthole umlotha wasensimini ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwawo futhi ngeke ungene ngaphansi "kokuthwebula").
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 16
