Mncane kepha uyashesha futhi uyingcweti umdlalo wokuzilibazisanjengenkohliso encane. Ekubukeni kwakhe, umuntu angakwazi ukulandela umkhondo wobukhazikhazi nemvelo yokudla. Ukujula, okubona kahle, ubukisa bezinyoni nobuqili, nendiza enhle esheshayo inika umuzwa wenkululeko nokungabi nesisindo. Ake sifunde lo muntu onezimpaphe omangalisayo ngokuningiliziwe, echaza ukubukeka kwakhe, isimilo sakhe, izici zakhe zokuphila nezindawo azithandayo zokuthunyelwa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cheglock
Ukuzilibazisa kuyisidlakela esinezimpaphe ezivela emndenini we-falcon, oku-oda le-Falconiformes kanye nohlobo lwama-falcons. Ngaphandle, umdlalo wokuzilibazisa ufana kakhulu ne-falcon, kepha ngosayizi owehlisiwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezifanayo zohlobo olufanayo, okuthi ngamagama abo zinegama elithi "umdlalo wokuzilibazisa", zize zihlanganiswe zenziwe iqembu elihlukile elibizwa ngokuthi yiHypotriorchis. Phakathi kwezici ezivamile zaleli qembu kukhona izimpaphe ezimnyama ezimpunga, ukuba khona “kwentshebe” emnyama nemichilo engxenyeni yesisu, etholakala emzimbeni.
Ividiyo: Cheglock
Owokuqala ukuchaza lolu hlobo lwenyoni ngusosayensi waseSweden, udokotela nesazi semvelo uKarl Linnaeus, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1758. Igama lohlobo lwe "falcons" ngesiLatini lizwakala njenge "falco" futhi ekuhumusheni lisho "isikela", elihlobene ngqo nezinzipho ezigobile zawo wonke ama-falcons. Incazelo yegama elithi "umdlalo wokuzilibazisa" namanje ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Abasebenzi baseMoscow Pedagogical State University bakholelwa ukuthi igama lale nyoni livela ku-Old Russian "chegl", okusho ukuthi "okwangempela, okuyisisekelo."
Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi inani elinjalo likhombisa ukuthi le nyoni ibalwa phakathi kwezinyoni ezizingela izinyoni - i-gyrfalcon, i-peregrine falcon, ebonakala ngobukhulu obuncane uma iqhathaniswa nokhokho. Ngakho-ke lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa uyaphikisana nokhokho abaphakathi nendawo abanjenge-fawn enezinyawo ezibomvu kanye ne-kestrel, ezazingasetshenziswanga ngaphambili ukuzingela.
Ukuzilibazisa kungumzingeli ongakhathali nomzingeli wegazi elihle. Kulula ukuyiphambanisa nenkohliso ye-peregrine, umehluko ngosayizi (i-peregrine falcon inkulu), imigqa emide esiswini (ku-peregrine falcon iyawela) nomthunzi obomvu wezitho. Amabhuloki wesilisa mancane kunabesifazane, isisindo sawo sisuka ku-160 kuye ku-200 gram, kanti ubude bomzimba busuka ku-32 kuye ku-35 cm. Abesifazane banesisindo esisuka ku-230 kuye ku-250 gram futhi banobude obusuka ku-33 kuye ku-37 cm.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yokuzilibazisa
Inhloko yokuzilibazisa ihlanzekile, inesimo esiyindilinga; amehlo abukhali, amakhulu, ayindilinga, azwakalayo ombala onsundu omnyama abonakala ngokucacile kuso. Uqhwaku lwenyoni alunakubizwa ngokuthi lunamandla, alulukhulu. Amarsars anezimpaphe nawo mancane, embozwe izimpaphe ngaphezulu. Izidladla zifakwe izinzwani ezincane kodwa ezinde futhi eziqinile. Ngokuvamile, lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa ubukeka umuhle, wehlukile emaphikweni amade aphumele ngaphandle kwethiphu yomsila. Futhi umsila wakhe mude futhi umise okwekhanda
Umbala wezimpaphe zokuzilibazisa uyahlukahluka, kuya ngeminyaka yawo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bacishe bafane ngokubukeka, ngakho-ke akulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo. Ebuntwaneni, i-tint emhlophe ihamba phambili, ephikelela ezinganeni kuze kube amasonto amabili ubudala. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvela ama-grey specks engutsheni nethoni ye-ocher esiswini. Ngokusondela enyangeni, umbala ubonakala kakhulu. Ngemuva, izimpaphe ezinsundu zikhonjisiwe, endaweni yekhanda nasengxenyeni yesisu, kunemibala yombala we-ocher, kuphela iphethini ye-longitudinal ebonakalayo esiswini. Uqhwaku lunethoni emnyama mpunga ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezansi. Kuzidladla eziphuzi eziphaphathekile, izinzipho eziboshwe ngombala omnyama ziyabonakala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, isudi yenyoni inesihloko esinsundu, amathoni ampunga kuyo ayanyamalala kancane kancane, indawo yokuthenga nendawo yonyawo ithola umbala ofanayo nowezinyoni ezikhulile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho igqokwa kumbala wophaphe wokuzilibazisa, ithoni ethile empunga iyanyamalala. Imicu emhlophe imile ngemuva kwekhanda nentamo yenyoni. Ukulingiswa kwamadevu kupendwe ngombala omnyama (imivimbo emnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo). Ezinhlangothini, esifubeni nasesiswini, izimpaphe zimhlophe ngemicu ebanzi yobubanzi bemibala emnyama. Esifundeni sezethembiso nemilenze ephansi, kuvela ikhanda elibomvu. Umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi lo hobbyist ugqoke ibhulukwe elibomvu. Insikazi inezinhlayiya ezinsundu ezingemuva elibomvu, nazo ezikhona ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwamaphiko.
Uhlala kuphi lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa?
Isithombe: Hobbyist endizeni
UCheglok uthathe isasasa e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, ehlala ezindaweni ezinkulu impela lapho.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nyoni itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, le nyoni ihlala:
- IFinland;
- EJapan;
- IRussia;
- IVietnam;
- ZaseHimalaya;
- ISakhalin;
- IKuril neBritish Isles;
- ITunisia;
- EMorocco;
- Spain;
- I-Asia Minor;
- IMongolia;
- IGrisi;
- I-Italy.
UCheglok ukhetha amahlathi alula, ashintshana nezindawo ezivulekile ze-steppe ezilungele ukuzingela. Uhlomisa izindawo zakhe zokwakha cishe kulo lonke ihlathi lezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho yethaiga. Le nyoni idlula eSouth Asia, amahlathi ashisayo asentshonalanga ye-Afrika, eChina naseNdiya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izidleke zokuzilibazisa emahlathini amancane, zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezixubile, noma emahlathini amade, amadala, ompayini.
Izinto zokuzilibazisa azizithandi zombili izindawo ezivuleke ngokuphelele namahlathi aminyene angaweleki. Angakhetha emaphethelweni ehlathi, osebeni lomfula, emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi. Kunamaqiniso aziwayo okuhlakazeka kwale nyoni eduzane nasezindlini zabantu, kepha lokhu akuvamile, inyoni incamela ukugwema ukuxhumana nabantu, ukugcina ukungathathi hlangothi. Endaweni enezintaba, ungathola futhi umdlalo wokuzilibazisa okhuphuka ufike ku-4 km ukuphakama, lapho ezizwa emuhle khona. Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinyoni, khona-ke singabona indawo yazo yokuhlala, okuyisici sohlobo ngalunye.
Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zezinto zokuzilibazisa, lezi yizi:
- falco subbuteo subbuteo Linnaeus, ohlala eYurophu, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika nakuzo zonke izingxenye ze-Asia ngaphandle kwaseningizimu-mpumalanga. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane zithathwa njengezifudukayo; ebusika, ikhetha iNingizimu ye-Asia kanye ne-Central neNingizimu Afrika;
- I-falco subbuteo streichi Hartert und Neumann, edabuka eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, iyinhlangano ehlala ngaphansi ehlala phansi.
Manje uyazi lapho i-hobbyist ihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni edla inyama idlani.
Kudlani umdlalo wokuzilibazisa?
Isithombe: Cheglock eRussia
I-Hobbyist ingumzingeli okhuthele futhi ongakhathali owenza ukuhlaselwa komoya okusheshayo. Izinyoni ezincane nezinambuzane ezinkulu ziyatholakala ohlwini lwazo. Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, umdlalo wokuzilibazisa ungadla izinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane, izimvemvane, ojekamanzi. Ondlunkulu abavamile, izinkanyezi, nezinqola ngokuvamile kuba yizisulu zezinyoni zokuzilibazisa. Imvamisa, lesi sidlakudla esinezimpaphe sihlala eduze kwezindawo zokwakha ama-swifts namankonjane amnyama, nawo athanda ukuwadla njengesidlo.
I-chaglok ibikuthanda kakhulu ukuzingela kusukela ngezikhathi zakusihlwa, lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, ngakho-ke uvame ukuhlangana namalulwane, nawo aphenduke isidlo sakusihlwa esihle kakhulu. Isidlakela esinobuciko sibamba isisulu saso ngesikhathi sendiza esheshayo nehlelekile, siyibamba khona kanye emoyeni. Unekhono kakhulu, uyaphikelela futhi unamawala, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukuthola noma isiphi isidlo esingamjabulisa.
Uma isisulu, ngokwamazinga wokuzilibazisa, sinesisindo, khona-ke usiphatha esihlahleni esiseduze, lapho ukudla kwakhe kwenzeka khona emagatsheni. Umzingeli ugwinya izinambuzane lapho ebaleka. Kwesinye isikhathi amagundane amancane nezibankwa ziyashibilika ekudleni kokuzilibazisa, kepha isisulu esinjalo singabizwa ngokungahleliwe, ngoba ukuzingela kwenziwa emoyeni, ngoba ukubamba inyamazane yezinyoni kunzima kakhulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoni yokuzilibazisa endalweni
Ukuzilibazisa kungabizwa ngokuthi kuselula kakhulu, kuyasebenza futhi akuphumuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unesimo esipholile, esihlukumezayo nesinenkani. Akazithandi ezinye izinyoni, ngisho nezihlobo zakhe eziseduze kakhulu. Ubudlova bakhe abuhlobene nokuthi kunokudla okuncane, unokulwa okunjalo futhi akanabungani obukhulu. Izinyoni ezindizele phezulu endaweni yokwakha isidleke se-hobbyist nakanjani ngeke zenze okuhle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngemuva kokubona enye inyoni eduzane, umdlalo wokuzilibazisa uqala ukulwa nawo ngokushesha. Izinyoni ezincane zibhekwa ngokushesha yi-hobbyist njenge-snack. Vele, ngeke kwenzeke ukubamba wonke umuntu, kepha uzobeka imizamo emikhulu kulokhu.
Ukubuka emuva, okuhlabayo kanye "namadevu" athukuthele kwenza ukubukeka kokuzilibazisa kusongele futhi kube kubi kakhulu. UChaglok, owahlala eduze kwezingadi zezithelo nomhlaba otshaliwe, wenza umsebenzi omkhulu kubantu ngokudla izinyoni ezincane ezikhonkotha isivuno. Le enezimpaphe ibekela eceleni indawo yokuzingela, ayivikela ngomona kunoma iziphi izivakashi ezindizayo ezingamenyiwe. Imvamisa kukhona indawo engathathi hlangothi phakathi kweziza zokuzilibazisa. Ukuzingelwa kwenzeka wedwa ekuphakameni okukhulu. Ukundiza kokuzilibazisa kuyashesha futhi kuyingcweti, izimpiko ezisheshayo zamaphiko zithathelwa indawo ukunyakaza okushelelayo okushelelayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukundizela akuyona into ejwayelekile yalezi zinyoni; lapho indiza, amaphiko asakazekile we-hobbyist afana nesikela.
Ama-Ornithologists asungule ukuthi imvelo inikeze lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa ngokuqapha okungavamile, ngakho-ke noma yisiphi isinambuzane esingamamitha angamakhulu amabili ngeke sicashe kumhlaseli. Awukwazi ukubiza umuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa okhulumayo, yena, kunalokho, uthule kakhulu. Ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngokweqile kuphela kwesinye isikhathi okuhambisana nokukhala okucijile, okungazelelwe nokuvala izindlebe, okujwayelekile komndeni wonke we-falcon.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Cheglock
Isikhathi somshado se-chaglok siwela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi esinzima sezinyoni, umuntu angabona ukujikeleza kwemibhangqwana enezimpaphe emoyeni, lapho enza khona ubuqili obuhlukahlukene nokuhamba. Ngesikhathi semidanso yothando enjalo, ama-hobbyists akhathalelayo angadudulana lapho indiza, ngakho-ke baveza indawo yabo nozwela kumlingani wabo.
Ama-hobbyists awazakhi izidleke zawo, abekela amaqanda ezidlekeni ezingenalutho zezinye izinyoni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi axoshe izinyoni ngokungahlonishwa endaweni ayithandayo. Ama-hobbyist abheka izidleke eziphakeme ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Inqubo yokukhetha isidleke iyabukeka impela, ngoba lokhu kucatshangelwa izinto eziningana:
- ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi oseduze (umfula, umfula);
- indawo endaweni yokwakha isidleke sehlathi elinamahlathi;
- ukuthola eduze kwezikhala ezivulekile zamasimu noma izimfunda ezidingekayo ekuzingeleni.
Insimu ekhethiwe ivikelwe ngokucophelela umbhangqwana oshadile wabantu abazilibazisa abavela kwezinye izinyoni, beyibuka besuka esidlekeni esisendaweni ephakeme kakhulu (kusuka kumamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30). Insikazi iqala inqubo yokubeka amaqanda noma ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ngoJulayi, konke kuncike ekushiseni okukhona. Isidleke singaqukatha amaqanda amathathu kuye kwayisithupha, osayizi bawo ahluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-3.6 cm. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa. Insikazi sonke lesi sikhathi ifudumeza amaqanda ngomzimba wayo, futhi ubaba ozayo uphatha ukudla kwakhe.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ngaphandle awafani nabazali bawo, ambozwe ungqimba olungavamile lwe-fluff emhlophe, ngakho-ke badinga imfudumalo kamama ekuqaleni, ubaba kufanele azingele yedwa, ondle izingane, nomlingani, kanye naye uqobo. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha, ziqine futhi zikhuluphale. Ngokushesha bathola inqubo yokuqala ye-molting futhi, sebenonyaka owodwa nje, baqala izindiza ezizimele. Ekuqaleni, izilwane ezisencane zintula ubungqabavu nokushesha, ngakho okhokho abanakekelayo bazondla ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kuwo wonke isikhathi sasehlobo, i-Hobbies ihlala emndenini omkhulu onobungane. Kuphela ngokufika kwekwindla, intsha ekhulile yaqala ukuhlangabezana nabantu abadala, ishiya izidleke zayo futhi igijimela ezindaweni zobusika. Kumele kungezwe ukuthi ama-hobbyists angabhekwa njengama-long livers, ngoba imvelo ibanikeze isikhathi eside sokuphila, esukela eminyakeni engu-17 kuya kwengu-20, kepha lokhu akuwona umkhawulo. Kukhona imininingwane ngama-hobbyists ahlala ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zokuzilibazisa
Isithombe: Inyoni yokuzilibazisa
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi umdlalo wokuzilibazisa uyinyoni esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, cishe akanazo izitha endle. Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, le nyoni cishe ihlala ingafinyeleleki, indawo yayo yokwakha izidleke iphakeme kakhulu, futhi i-hobbyist uqobo isemoyeni isikhathi esiningi.
Okwesibili, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu kuqala, umhlaseli futhi unesimo esinesibindi nesinenjongo. Okwesithathu, umlingiswa wokuzilibazisa awusona isipho. Isimo sakhe se-cocky, i-cocky kanye nokungabi nabungani kuyabethusa abantu abaningi abangabafuni. Okwesine, ubuhlakani, ukushesha, umsebenzi oweqile nobukhazikhazi bale nyoni akufanele kubukelwe phansi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-Hobbyists asebenzisa izitimela njengabasizi ekuzingeleni kwabo. Ijubane labo lokundiza lingeqa isitimela esihambayo. Indiza ngemuva kwakhe, lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa ubamba izinyoni, okwenza ukuduma kwesitimela kukhuphuke kusuka ezindaweni ezicashile.
Ezidladleni zanoma yibaphi abafisa okubi, imvamisa, kubuthakathaka lesi sifo, izinyoni ezindala kakhulu noma izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi. Ngabantu, i-hobbyist ayithathi hlangothi, ikhetha ukungathintani eduze. Kodwa umuntu, noma kunjalo, angabalwa phakathi kwezitha zale nyoni eziqhoshayo, ngoba uthinta impilo yayo ngokungaqondile lapho ehlasela izindawo zokuthunyelwa unomphela, ehambisa izinyoni ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, eqhuba imisebenzi engapheli yezomnotho, egawula amahlathi, esenza isimo semvelo sibe sibi kakhulu. Zonke lezi zenzo zithinta kabi impilo yokuzilibazisa, kanye nanoma ibaphi abanye abamele izilwane zasendle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni yokuzilibazisa eRussia
Umuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa ngamabomu futhi ozimele uhlala ezifundazweni nasemazwenikazi ahlukahlukene, uhamba isikhathi eside ebusika. Inyoni le itholakala ngobukhulu bezwekazi le-Afrika, e-Asia kanye ne-Europe. Ngenhlanhla, ngalesi sikhathi, inani lalesi silwane esinamaphiko esimangazayo asisongelwa, amanani alo ahlala ezinzile futhi esezingeni eliphakeme ngokwanele. Kukhona idatha enokwethenjelwa yokuthi inani lama-hobbyists lingamabhangqa ayizigidi ezintathu, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwe-falcon aludingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela futhi alukho ohlwini lweRed Book.
Vele, kukhona imithelela emibi ye-anthropogenic ethinta kabi umsebenzi obalulekile walezi zinyoni ezidla inyama. Okuyinhloko ukwehliswa kwezindawo zokuthunyelwa kwezinyoni unomphela ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yabantu: ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, ukubekwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu, ukuhlala komhlaba ngezidingo zezolimo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokungcola kwendawo yemvelo yezinyoni. Konke lokhu kunomphumela omubi, kepha akunamphumela oqinile kwinani labantu abazithandayo; kusekhona abaningi babo, abangenakujabula kodwa. Into esemqoka ukuthi ngokuzayo inani lalezi zinyoni zikakhukhulelangoqo aliboni zinsongo ezingajwayelekile eziholela kulayini wokuqothulwa.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukunezela ukuthi i-hoopoe izimele kakhulu, iyashesha futhi inesibindi, kwakungelutho ukuthi ngaphambili yayisetshenziswa njengenyoni edla inyama lapho izingela izigwaca, ama-hoopoes, nama-lark. IHobbyhorse iphumelela ekuqeqesheni nasekuqeqesheni, okusho ukuthi uhlakaniphe kakhulu futhi unamawala asheshayo, futhi isimo sakhe sokungazinzi futhi esisheshayo sisiza kuphela ekuzingeleni. Ngokuvamile, lesi sidalwa siletha inzuzo enkulu, sihlala eduze komhlaba olinyiwe, ngoba sidla inani elikhulu lezinyoni ezincane ezidala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.07.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-22: 16
