Inyoni encane coot kujwayeleke kwabaningi ngokuthi "inkukhu yamanzi". Abantu abambizanga ngalutho, ngoba ukubukeka kwalesi sincane esinezimpaphe kufana nenyoni yasemanzini. Ngokuphikisana nakho konke ukubukeka kwangaphandle kweqhwa, lizwakala likhulu ezihlahleni zemihlanga ezicashile, ukubhukuda nokudilika ngobungcweti ngokushesha okukhulu. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuphila kwalezi zinyoni, chaza ukubukeka, uphawu lwemvelo nemikhuba yezinyoni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lysuha
I-coot ibizwa nangokuthi impandla, yinyoni encane yasemanzini yomndeni wabelusi kanye ne-cranes oda. Ngokubukeka, i-coot ayibukeki ifana nenyoni yasemanzini, ikakhulukazi uma uyibona ingekho emanzini. Uqhwaku lwayo olucijile lukhumbuza uqhwaku lwamagwababa, akukho nolwelwesi ezinqeni zalo olubonwayo, luthanda ukubalekela usongo, luqala ukundiza ngokungafuni, awu, yini inkukhu?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coot inezinye iziteketiso, ibizwa ngokuthi:
- amanzi amnyama ngenxa yombala omnyama nokuma komlomo;
- umalusi ngenxa yokuthi ungowomndeni womalusi;
- yisikhulu ngenxa yesudi yebhizinisi elimnyama nelomhlophe;
- i-black loon ngenxa yokufana kwemikhuba nombala;
- ngobukhulu besifunda saseLower Volga naseKazakhstan, le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi i-kashkaldak, naseTurkmenistan naseCaucasus - kachkaldak.
Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke esihlukanisa iphoyinti, ebelisebenza njengegama laso, ukuba khona kwendawo emhlophe (kwesinye isikhathi enemibala) enesikhumba ekhanda, ehlangana ngombala nombala womlomo. Njengazo zonke izihlobo zomalusi eziseduze kakhulu zeqhwa, le nyoni ayihlukile ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu futhi ikhetha izindawo zokuhlala unomphela eduze kwamachibi nemifula. Sekukonke, ososayensi bakhomba izinhlobo eziyi-11 zama-coots, eziyi-8 zazo ezakhiwe ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. Ezweni lakithi, munye kuphela uhlobo lwalezi zinyoni oluphilayo - icuba elijwayelekile, elinombala onsundu omnyama wezimpaphe nebala elimhlophe engxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda, eliphenduka ngokushelela libe ngumlomo wombala ofanayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Ubukhulu bama-coots ngokuvamile buphakathi nendawo, ubude bemizimba yabo buqala ku-35 kuye ku-40 cm, yize kukhona amachashazi osayizi abahlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-coots anezimpondo nezikhulu, osayizi bawo ongaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-60. Isibalo esikhulu sabelusi besifazane sipendwe ngokumnyama, kepha ithoni yendawo enesikhumba esiphongweni ayikwazi ukuba mhlophe kuphela, kuzinyoni zaphesheya kwezilwandle zaseNingizimu Melika le ndawo inemibala egqamile ephuzi nebomvu (kuma-coots angaphambili abomvu namhlophe).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izitho zezinyoni zinesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esivumela ukuthi zibhukude futhi zihambe kahle emhlabathini onodaka nobuhle bamachibi. Lokhu kwenziwa izindwani zokubhukuda ezikhethekile, ezitholakala ngemilenze eqinile futhi eqinile.
Umbala wezitho emaqatheni akwejwayelekile: angaba mthubi okhanyayo noma o-orenji okhanyayo, iminwe uqobo lwayo imnyama, namabhande ayihlomisayo amhlophe. Izimpiko zamakhanda anempandla azizide, zenza izindiza ngokungavamile, futhi noma kunjalo, ngokungabaza okukhulu, zikhetha ukuphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Kukhona okuhlukile phakathi kwabo, izinhlobo ezihlala enyakatho Nenkabazwe zifuduka, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza ezinde. Izimpaphe zomsila zezinhlobo eziningi zithambile, kanti okuthengiswayo kumhlophe.
Ividiyo: Lysuha
I-coot ejwayelekile ehlala ezweni lethu ikhula ngobude ingeqi kuma-38 cm, futhi inesisindo esilingana nekhilogremu, yize kukhona abantu abafinyelela ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu. Amehlo aleli choli abomvu ngokugqamile, kanti izidladla ziphuzi ngokusawolintshi nezinzwane ezinde ezimpunga. Uqhwaku olumhlophe lufana nombala woqwembe olungaphambili; inesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, kodwa icijile futhi icindezelwe kamuva. Akulula kangako ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Zikhudlwana, kepha hhayi kakhulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi indawo engaphambili emhlophe inabile futhi umbala wezimpaphe umnyama. Amathoyizi amancane emaqhingeni anombala onsundu, kanti isisu nomphimbo kuzimpunga okukhanyayo.
Lihlala kuphi icoot?
Isithombe: Coot eRussia
Indawo yamachashazi ibanzi kakhulu, itholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zeplanethi yethu, ihlala ezikhaleni:
- Australia;
- IYurophu;
- ENyakatho Afrika;
- I-South America;
- E-New Zealand;
- IPapua New Guinea.
Izinyoni zisabalele izindawo zisuka e-Atlantic ziye olwandle iPacific. EYurophu bakhethe iNorway, iSweden neFinland. EScandinavia nokuncane enyakatho akusatholakali. Ngamanani amancane bahlala eziQhingini zaseFaroe, eLabrador nase-Iceland. E-Asia, le nyoni igxile ezindaweni zasePakistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Bangladesh, India. Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika uncamela ukuhlala engxenyeni yalo esenyakatho.
ERussia, i-coot yayihlala ezifundeni zasePerm naseKirov, iKarelian Isthmus. Inani elikhulu lezinyoni lalithanda iSiberia. Ama-coots awangeni ekujuleni kwe-taiga, kepha engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia bahlala kahle, bahlala ezindaweni eziseduze nemizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi. EMpumalanga Ekude naseSakhalin, izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini lwe-Amur.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imingcele ethile yendawo yokusabalalisa yamachashazi ayinakunqunywa, ngoba izinyoni azithandi uhambo olude, emgwaqweni zingakhetha isiqhingi ezizithandayo olwandle futhi zibhalise lapho unomphela, uma izimo zezulu zivuma.
Ama-coots ahlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele angabizwa ngokuthi ahleli phansi, ngezikhathi ezithile enza izindiza ezimfishane. Zisuka enkabeni nasempumalanga yeYurophu, izinyoni ziya ezindaweni ezihlukene. Abanye bagijimela ezwenikazi i-Afrika, abanye baya emingceleni esentshonalanga ye-Europe, Asia, Syria. Igalikuni. Ama-coots ahlala eRussia andizela eNdiya ebusika. Ama-coots ahlala womabili eduze kwemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile futhi nosawoti omncane, ahlala ema-deltas nezindawo ezikhukhula zemifula, amachibi, imilambo.
Izinyoni zikhetha ukwakha isidleke emanzini angajulile, azithandi imisinga enobudlova kakhulu, zikhetha izindawo ezigcwele izimila:
- imihlanga;
- umhlanga;
- i-cattail;
- sedge.
Yini edliwa yiqhwa?
Isithombe: Idada lecoot
Iningi lemenyu yama-coots liqukethe izitsha zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Badla ngenjabulo amahlamvu ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezasogwini, badla imbewu, amahlumela amancane, izithelo, ulwelwe oluhlaza. Ngokufuna ukudla, i-coot igxumela ikhanda layo emanzini noma ikwazi ukucwilisa, seliye ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili.
Ama-coots athanda ukudla:
- ukuthambeka;
- uphondo;
- umhlanga omncane;
- ukuphina;
- rdest;
- zonke izinhlobo ulwelwe.
Ukudla kwezilwane nakho kufakiwe ekudleni kwezinkukhu, kepha kwenza amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela wokudla okuphelele.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-coots adla:
- izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene;
- inhlanzi encane;
- izimbaza;
- gazinga;
- inhlanzi caviar.
Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ama-coots ahlasele izilwane ezidla ezinye ezindaweni zezinye izinyoni ukuze azitike ngamaqanda azo, kepha lokhu akwenzeki kaningi. Ama-coots asebenza njengabancintisana ngokudla kwamadada asendle, ama-swans, ama-drake, ngoba zihlala kuma-biotopes afanayo futhi zinezintandokazi ezifanayo zokunambitheka. Ngokuvamile kunezingxabano phakathi kwabo ngesisekelo sokudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Yize iphuphu lincane kakhulu kunedwan, lithatha ngokudla ukudla kuye nedada lasendle, kwesinye isikhathi lihweba ngokweba. Amachashazi anobuhlakani angahlangana namadraki ukuze asebenze ndawonye alwe namadada nama-swans. Lokho ongeke ukwenze ngenxa ye-tidbit.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Coot waterfowl
Ama-coot ayasebenza, ikakhulukazi, emini. Kusentwasahlobo kuphela lapho bangahlala khona bephapheme ebusuku, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile bancamela ukuhamba kusihlwa. Zisemanzini okwengxenye yengonyama yempilo yazo yezinyoni, ngakho-ke zibhukuda kahle, nokuyinto ezihluke ngayo ezihlotsheni zazo ezingabelusi. Phansi, zibukeka zixakile, lapho zihamba, ziphakamisa izidladla zazo ngendlela ehlekisayo. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, i-coot inikina ikhanda, bese inweba, bese icindezela intamo yayo. Umsila ungaphansi kwamanzi.
Lapho inyoni izwa usongo, izama ukucwila ngokujula noma icashe ezihlahleni zomhlanga, kodwa uma kwenzeka ingozi ingavamile ukuqala ukundiza, lezi zinyoni azijahi ukundiza ngokungadingekile. Uma kufanele ukwenze ngempela lokhu, khona-ke izinyoni zigijima amamitha ayisishiyagalombili ngaphezulu kwamanzi, bese zisuka masinyane. Kubukeka sengathi i-coot indiza kanzima hhayi ngokuzithandela. Akazi nokuthi ahambisane kanjani nendiza, kepha uthola isivinini esihle. Inyoni enezimpaphe ayivamisile ukufika ogwini, kepha ivame ukukhuphuka ama-hummock asogwini, lapho ihlela khona ukuhlanzwa kwezimpaphe.
Uhlobo lwamachashazi luthembeke kakhulu futhi lunolwazi oluncane, yingakho izinyoni zivame ukuhlupheka, ngoba abantu nabantu abazingelayo mabasondele kubo. Ngokuvamile, le nyoni enokuthula inesimo esisheshayo nesinesibindi, ngoba ingena emzabalazweni ongalingani nama-swans uma indebe emnandi isengozini. Umdlandla wokuphanga inkunzi nawo ungokwemvelo kuma-coots, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi kuphuma konke, konakalise izidleke zabanye abantu futhi kwebela ukudla komakhelwane babo abanezimpaphe (ama-swans namadada).
Njengoba sekushiwo, ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, izinyoni zihamba ebusuku kwesinye isikhathi zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi ngemihlambi emincane. Lapho befika endaweni yasebusika, ama-coots ahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, angabalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ezinkulungwane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-coots anesistimu yokufuduka enesiphithiphithi futhi engaqondakali. Isibonelo, izinyoni ezihlala esifundeni esifanayo zindiza ingxenye yazo ziye entshonalanga yeYurophu, kanti ezinye ziye e-Afrika noma eMiddle East.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amachwane weCoot
Ama-coots angabizwa ngezinyoni ezizodwa ezakha ukuhlangana komndeni wesikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokukhwelana emaqandeni ahlala phansi asichaziwe ngokuqondile, singenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, konke kuncike kwisimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza zokudla zezindawo zokuhlala. Ezinyonini ezifudukayo, inkathi yomshado iqala ngokushesha nje lapho zibuya ezindaweni zazo zobusika. Umsindo nokukhala kwamanzi kuzwakala phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, izimpi zabanumzane abanezimpaphe zivame ukwenzeka, ngoba wonke umuntu unomona kakhulu ngothando lwabo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imidlalo yomshado ijwayelekile kuma-coots, lapho kuhlelwa khona wonke amabhalethi ombukiso emanzini. Umakoti nomkhwenyana bayasondelana, ngenkathi bememeza kakhulu. Njengoba zibhukude zasondela, izinyoni ziqala ukuhlakazeka futhi noma zihambisane ngokuvumelanayo, zinamathelana ngamaphiko azo.
Isidleke samajuba ajwayelekile emanzini emanzini omhlanga noma omhlanga. Lesi sidleke sakhiwe ngehlathi lonyaka owomile namahlamvu aso, kubukeka njengenqwaba yotshani. Ukuqina kungaba ngezinhlobo ezimbili: kungaba phansi phansi noma ezitshalweni zasemanzini. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, insikazi iyakwazi ukwenza imvuthuluka emithathu, engafinyelela emaqanda ayi-16, anombala onesihlabathi esimpunga futhi embozwe amachaphazelo e-burgundy. Kuyabonakala ukuthi kuhlale kunamaqanda amaningi ku-clutch yokuqala kunamanye. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-22, futhi bobabili abesifazane nabobaba besikhathi esizayo babamba iqhaza enkambisweni yokufukamela. Ngesikhathi usalinde inzalo, umndeni we-coot uba nolaka kakhulu futhi uqaphe ngokucophelela indawo yokwakha izidleke.
Izingane ezizelwe zibukeka zizinhle futhi zifana namadada amabi. Izimpaphe zazo ziphethwe umbala omnyama, kanti uqhwaku lunombala obomvu ngokusawolintshi, endaweni yekhanda nentamo ungabona ukugeleza kwethoni elifanayo noluqhwaku. Kungakapheli usuku, izingane ziphuma esidlekeni sazo, zilandela abazali bazo. Kwaphela amasonto amabili, umama nobaba onakekelayo bondla izingane zabo ezingenakuzisiza futhi bazifundise amakhono abalulekile. Abazali abazwelayo ebusuku bafudumeza amaphuphu ngemizimba yabo futhi bawavikele kubantu abangabafuni.
Lapho zinamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwayi-11, izilwane ezincane zithola ukuzimela bese ziqala ukuhlangana emhlambini, zilungiselela indiza eya ezifundeni ezifudumele. Ama-coots amancane ayavuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka olandelayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzalela kuma-coots avuthiwe, inqubo ye-molt iqala, izinyoni zingakwazi ukundiza futhi zihlale emhlangeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amathoyizi amakhulu nezimpondo, ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ahlomisa izindawo ezinkulu zokwakha izidleke. Kulesi sikhondlakhondla, kubukeka ngathi isihlenga somhlanga esintantayo, esinobubanzi obufinyelela kumamitha amane nokuphakama okungaba amasentimitha angama-60. Inyoni enezimpondo yakha isidleke isebenzisa amatshe ekwazi ukugingqika ngomlomo wayo. Ubunzima besakhiwo esinjalo bufinyelela ithani elilodwa nengxenye.
Izitha zemvelo zama-coots
Isithombe: Coot bird
Izingozi eziningi zilindele amachashazi ezimweni ezimbi zasendle. Izinyoni ezidlayo azilali futhi azihlaselwa umoya, ikakhulukazi amatshwele nezilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi.
Ukusuka emoyeni, ingozi ingavela ku:
- izinkozi;
- izithiyo zexhaphozi;
- ama-herring gulls;
- amashumi amane;
- igwababa;
- ama-peregrine falcons;
- izikhova zokhozi.
Ngaphezu kwezinyoni ezidla ezinye, i-coot ingahlushwa izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle, ama-mink, ama-ferrets, ama-muskrats, ama-otter. Izimpungushe nezingulube zasendle zivame ukuzitika ngamaqanda ezinyoni, lezi zamuva zingena emanzini angajulile, zifuna imihlambi eminingi yezinyoni.
Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezahlukahlukene nazo zingabangelwa yizinto ezingezinhle ezithinta kabi impilo yezinyoni. Lokhu kufaka amakhaza sekwephuzile nemvula eningi. I-Frost iyingozi kwinkukhu yokuqala yenkukhu, eyakhiwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amashawa angakhukhula izidleke ebusweni bamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina amaqanda ephephile futhi ezwakalayo akuyona into elula.
Isitha seqhwa futhi ngumuntu olimaza izinyoni ngokungazi, ahlasele izindawo zazo zokuthunyelwa unomphela futhi angcolise imizimba yamanzi, futhi ngamabomu, azingele lezi zinyoni, ngoba inyama yazo imnandi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sesimo esiyingozi, i-coot ingagxumela emanzini, ishaye indawo yayo ngamaphiko nezitho, okuholela ekwakhiweni kokuchaphazeleka okuqinile. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nyoni ishaya isitha ngezidladla eziqinile noma ngomlomo. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ibona isitha, ama-coot akha isidleke eduze, ahlanganisa futhi ahlasele umhlaseli neqembu lonke, elingaba nezinyoni eziyisishiyagalombili ngasikhathi sinye.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imvelo ilinganise ubude besikhathi sokuphila sama coots, kuphela ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo izinyoni azivamile ukuhlala kuze kube semdala, ngoba endleleni yazo kunezitha nezithiyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Ososayensi, besebenzisa indlela yokukhala, bathola ukuthi amachashazi angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18, okwakuyiminyaka yesibindi esidala kunazo zonke, ebanjiwe, enezimpiko zesibindi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Coot bird
Isibalo sama-coots ajwayelekile sikhulu kakhulu, njengendawo yokuhlala kwabo. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni zivundile impela futhi zizivumelanisa kalula nezindawo ezintsha zokuhlala. Le nyoni ayinakubalwa ngenani lezinyoni ezingavamile, itholakala kaningi. Ngokuvamile, cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-coots azibangeli kukhathazeka phakathi kwezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo, ngoba amanani azo azinzile futhi awasengozini.
Ama-coots ahlala cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu, ngaphandle kwezifunda zawo ezijikeleza kakhulu nezindawo ezibandayo. Vele, kunezici eziningi ezingezinhle ze-anthropogenic ezinciphisa usayizi wabantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwamachibi, ukusika imithambo yemihlanga, ukufuduswa kwezinyoni ngabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene ngokwengeziwe ngezidingo zabo, ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo, nokuzingela lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo. Zonke lezi zinqubo ezingezinhle zenzeka, kodwa ngenhlanhla, azinawo umthelela oqinile futhi obonakalayo enanini lama-coots, okukhuthaza kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ama-coot ajwayelekile angabameleli abaningi bomndeni wabelusi, ongasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, futhi lezi zinyoni azidingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, ezingathokozi kodwa. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukuthambekela okuhle kanjalo maqondana nosayizi wezinyoni kufanele kuqhubeke ngokuzayo.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinyoni zasemanzini, coot kubukeka kungajwayelekile, kungenazo izici zangaphandle zokuphila emanzini.Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, bazivumelanise ngokuphelele nobukhona futhi bazizwa beqiniseka kakhulu ebusweni bamanzi kunasemoyeni, okuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi okumangazayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 07/05/2020 ngo-11: 19
