I-lobster emhlophe eyaziwa ngabantu abavamile njengomthombo wenyama emnandi nenempilo. Kepha lawa malungu omndeni we-crayfish awalula futhi afundwe njengoba kungabonakala. Izazi zemvelo azikatholi ukuthi ama-lobster ahlala isikhathi esingakanani endaweni yawo yemvelo. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani lezi zinhlanzi zikuthanda.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Langoust
AmaLangoustes ama-crapfish e-decapod afaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-140 eziphilayo, kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-72 zezinsalela. Okucacile ngale mikhamo ukuthi ukwakheka kwezicubu zenhliziyo yabo kungokweplanikhi - amaseli awanayo i-nuclei futhi awanamingcele phakathi kwawo. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, imetabolism emzimbeni wama-lobster kanye ne-decapod crayfish ngokujwayelekile iyasheshiswa kaningana maqondana nama-crustaceans anenhliziyo ehlukile.
Ividiyo: Langoust
Ngaphakathi kwama-crapaceans ama-decapod kukhona nokuhlukaniswa kwawo uqobo, okuwahlukanisa ngokwesakhiwo sezinyongo nezitho, kanye nokuthi izibungu zale crayfish zikhula kanjani.
Ngakho-ke i-oda le-crapfish le-decapod lihlukaniswe ngama-suborder amabili:
- i-dendrobranchiata - lokhu kufaka cishe zonke izinhlanzi;
- pleocyemata - wonke amanye ama-crustaceans nomndeni wezimfanzi zangempela. Iningi labamele le suborder bahlukaniswa ukungakwazi kwabo noma ukungathambeki kwabo ukubhukuda - bahamba ngezansi.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ama-crapfish ama-decapod ayizisulu zomkhakha wokudoba ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo nenani lokudla okunempilo. Kepha lezi zinhlanzi ezinomhlwenga zingenye yezinhlobo ezindala zezilwane emhlabeni: ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu nokuphila okuyimfihlo, zigcinwe cishe zingashintshi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-lobster ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo yilezi:
- inaliti lobster (iBreton red lobster);
- I-Pacific lobster.
Ungahlukanisa umdlavuza we-decapod ngenani lezitho. Ngokuvamile, njengamanye umdlavuza, banesembozo se-chitinous, izingxenye eziyisikhombisa esifubeni kanye nesithupha esiswini, futhi umgudu wabo wamathumbu uqukethe izindonga ezimbili zesisu namathumbu amafushane. Isistimu elula yokugaya ibenza bangakhethi ngokudla.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-lobster yangempela
AmaLobsters angomunye wabamele abakhulu emindenini yabo: ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kuma-60 cm, nesisindo - 3-4 kg. Imbozwe ngokuphelele ngegobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous, elijiyile kunelamanye ama-crustaceans omndeni.
Umzimba womdlavuza ungahlukaniswa ngokucacile ube yinhloko nomsila. Kunamabhangqa amathathu entevu ezwelayo ekhanda. Okude kunako konke kushintshelwe ekutholeni inyamazane noma ukuthola ingozi. Intshebe yesibili neyesithathu, ezimfushane kakhulu nezincane, nayo iyazwela, kepha ingxenye enkulu isabela ekuzingeleni okucathama ngaphansi kwesihlabathi. Amadevu abo ambozwe imicu ehlabayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-lobster ihlukaniswa ne-lobster ngokuthi i-lobster ayinazinzipho, kepha amanye ama-lobster wesifazane anezipho ezincane.
Umsila uyefana nomsila we-crayfish: uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye eziningana ezihambayo - ngosizo lomsila, i-lobster ingasheshisa ngokuhamba ngasolwandle. Ukuphela komsila kuthweswe inqubo enjenge-fan enesimo esisebenza njengebhalansi. Kwesinye isikhathi umsila ugobe ngaphakathi, kanti umdlavuza uhlala kuphela emilenzeni yawo emincane.
Umbala wama-lobster wehlukile, kuya ngezici ezilandelayo:
- indawo yokuhlala;
- ukudla;
- uhlobo lwe-lobster;
- izinga lokushisa kwamanzi;
- iminyaka yomuntu ngamunye;
- unempilo kangakanani lowo muntu.
Imvamisa kuyisembozo esikhilimu esibomvu, esibomvu noma esikhanyayo esibomvu. Amanye ama-lobster analo mbala anezindawo ezincane ezimnyama emilenzeni. AmaLangoustes ahlala ngokujula anombala oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo. Ama-lobster avela emanzini ashisayo anemibala egqamile - imvamisa i-azure-blue enamaphethini amnyama noma abomvu kugobolondo nemivimbo edlula isuka emilenzeni iye emzimbeni. Noma imuphi umbala ulungile ngenhloso yokufihla - lena indlela yokuzivikela nokuzingela kuma-lobster.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Njengamanye ama-crayfish, ama-lobster aba bomvu uma ebilisiwe.
Ihlala kuphi i-lobster lobster?
Isithombe: I-Crawfish emanzini
Lezi zinhlobo zivame emanzini afudumele, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala olwandle olubandayo.
Imvamisa, ukudotshwa kwama-lobster kwenziwa kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- empumalanga ye-Atlantic;
- eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNorway;
- EMorocco;
- ULwandle iMedithera;
- Ulwandle i-Azov;
- Iziqhingi zaseCanary;
- eduze neMadeira.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi eside kwakukhona umbono wokuthi i-lobster itholakala oLwandle iBaltic, ngakho-ke abacwaningi babebheka kanzima abantu lapho. Ngo-2010, kwafakazelwa nakanjani ukuthi ama-lobster awahlali kulolu lwandle ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi.
Le crayfish inentshisekelo emanzini asogwini eduze kwamazwekazi noma iziqhingi, izixhobo zamakhorali namatshe amaningi lapho ungacasha khona kahle futhi uzingele. Bakhetha ukuhlala endaweni ejulile okungenani ngamamitha angama-200.
Njengoba ephila impilo eyodwa, ama-lobster kunzima ukuwabamba ngezinga lokuhweba. Bayacasha, bazimbele esihlabathini, bacashe phakathi kwamakhorali futhi bafuna izidleke ezingangena kuzo ngosayizi wazo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukubanjwa kwama-lobster kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngesandla: abatshuzi babakhipha ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala.
Ama-lobster awazi ukumba imigodi noma ukwakha indawo yokukhosela, njengoba kwenza amanye ama-crustacea, kodwa ngobuciko agobhoza esihlabathini futhi ahlangane nawo esebenzisa umbala wawo onamabala noma onemigqa. Benyusa inhlayiya ngezidladla zabo, bazifafaza ngaphezulu, bangabonakali kwizilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nezisulu.
Adla ini ama-lobster ama-spiny?
Isithombe: Langoust
Ama-lobster ayizidlakela kakhulu, yize ngenxa yokushoda kozipho, awakwazi ukuzingela ngempumelelo njengezihlobo zawo emndenini. Ngakho-ke, badla konke okuhlangana ngezansi.
Imvamisa, ukudla kwama-lobster kufaka:
- izimbaza, izimbaza;
- inhlanzi encane;
- ama-invertebrate amancane, afaka ama-octopus amancane, i-cuttlefish;
- izibungu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-lobster awazibukeli phansi izidumbu futhi ngokuzithandela adla okusele kwezidlakudla ezinkulu.
Ifihlwe emfantwini wamakhorali, amadwala noma angcwatshwe esihlabathini, i-lobster ilindele inyamazane yayo. Umdlavuza uhamba kancane, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukujaha inhlanzi eshesha futhi uncike ngokuphelele kusivinini sokuphendula nokufihla.
Uqaphela inyamazane ngosizo lwezimpondo ezinde ezizwelayo, futhi lapho isondela kakhulu, kulapho izinzwa zamadevu akhe amafushane zilola - ngosizo lwazo i-lobster ephikisayo iyaqonda lapho sekuyisikhathi sokugijimela. Uma inhlanzi noma imollusk iseduze ngokwanele kwe-lobster, yenza udwi ngokushesha futhi ibambe inyamazane enezimpi ezisemlonyeni wayo. I-lobster ayinabo ubuthi noma amazinyo abukhali, ngakho-ke, uma inyamazane ingafanga lapho ibanjwa, iyidla iphila.
Ngemuva kokuthi inyamazane ibanjiwe futhi idliwe, i-lobster ayiyeki ukuzingela. Ufihla futhi lapho ecashe khona bese elinda isisulu esisha. Uma kungekho ozohlangabeza isikhathi eside, wenza ukudlula okuncane kancane aye endaweni entsha bese elinda lapho. Kuma-deshi anjalo, uvame ukuhlangana nezilwane ezidla ezinye noma abatshuzi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: AmaLobster agcinwa ezindaweni ezinamanzi zokudlela, ekhulisa ubumnandi. Lapho, zondliwa ngokudla okukhethekile okulinganiselayo, lapho i-crayfish ikhula khona ngokushesha futhi ibe nesdudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-lobster yangempela
Indlela yokuphila engezansi nokugcina imfihlo akuvumeli ama-lobster ukuthi ahlale emhlambini noma emaqenjini, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlanzi ziyizizungu. Kuyamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi basebusuku, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele: umdlavuza uhlala usesimweni sokuphumula nokuzingela; noma ilele kancane, iyakwazi ukubona ukunyakaza eduze bese ibamba inyamazane. Ebusuku, wenza amadeshi amafushane aye endaweni entsha, evundile yokudla. Noma igijimela ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku uma inuka izidumbu eziseduze.
Umdlavuza awunalo nolaka futhi awunazo izindlela zokuzivikela. Igobolondo lalo limbozwe ngeziqu ezicijile ezi-keratinized, ezingalivikeli njalo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nakwezinye izingozi. Ukushoda kozipho kwenza kungabi namandla okuzivikela kunezinye izinkalankala. Yize abesifazane abanenhlanhla eyanele yokuba nezinzipho ezincane abazisebenzisi futhi.
Ama-lobster ayizidalwa ezingaphansi komhlaba, kepha awalokothi alwele indawo. Uma inkathi yokuzalanisa ingakafiki, bazwana ngosizo lwamadevu futhi bamane bagweme ukuxhumana. Yize ezindaweni ezinamanzi zokudlela, ama-lobster azwana ngamaqembu amancane - azikho izingxabano nokungqubuzana kwendawo phakathi kwawo.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-lobster ayakwazi ukuzondla uma ehlangabezana nezinhlanzi noma ezinye izilwane zasolwandle eziphazamisa ukuthula kwe-crayfish. Kulokhu, i-lobster ephikisayo ithatha indawo yokuzivikela, ivule imilenze yayo, isakaze intshebe yayo ezinhlangothini ezihlukile bese iphonsa umsila wayo emuva. Uma isitha singahlehli, sibona ubukhulu bomdlavuza, khona-ke uzibeka engcupheni yokuwela emihlathini eqinile yelobster.
Esikhathini sasebusika, ama-lobster akhetha ukuya ekujuleni, lapho enye indlela yabo yokuphila ihlala iyimfihlakalo kwabangokwemvelo. Bakwenza ngendlela eyinqaba: baqoqene eqenjini elincane, ama-lobster abambelela komunye nomunye ngamadevu amade futhi alandela umdlavuza ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, behamba ngamaketanga, behla besuka ezixhotsheni zamakhorali.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-lobster olwandle
Ama-lobster azala ngokocansi. Umuntu uthathwa njengomuntu omdala kuphela eneminyaka emihlanu, bese efinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Isikhathi sokuzalisa ngokuvamile siqala cishe ngo-Okthoba noma ngoDisemba, yize singaqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi liphezulu ngokwanele.
Insikazi ibeka amaqanda amancane esikhwameni sebele esikhethekile, bese iyahamba iyofuna eyeduna, iphethe amaqanda angenamvumba nayo. Akunzima ukumthola - abesilisa, njengomthetho, abahamba kancane kunabesifazane, ngakho-ke uyambamba ngamadevu azwelayo futhi ahambe ngendlela eyodwa. Lapho emthola, owesilisa uvundisa amaqanda.
Amaqanda asesikhwameni sikamama izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi angavundiswa ngabesilisa abambalwa - mangaki angahlangana naye ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, amaqanda ahlukene angavundiswa ngama-lobster ahlukene. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, izibungu ziyaqanduselwa emaqandeni, afana nezicabucabu ezimhlophe eziguquguqukayo ezinemisila emincane - okungukuthi, ngasiphi isibonakaliso okungaqondakala ukuthi lezi ziyinzalo yama-lobster.
Amaqanda akhukhuleka ngokwawo olwandle, adla ama-zooplankton amancane. Ukuphuma okuncane emzimbeni, okuzoba yimilenze ngokuzayo, kuvumele ukusetha i-vector yokuhamba. Basengozini enkulu ngalesi sikhathi sempilo, futhi ezinkulungwaneni eziningana zamaqanda achanyuselwe, kusinda ngaphansi kwengxenye yabantu.
Izibungu zikhula ngokushesha, zidlulela esigabeni ngesigaba ngokuncibilika. Nge-molt ngayinye, ikhava e-chitinous ye-lobster iyaqina, futhi kwengezwa isisindo somzimba. Kuphela ngemuva konyaka wokuncibilika, ikhava e-chitinous ekugcineni iba lukhuni esimeni esanele, ukukhula okune-keratinized kuvela kuso.
Izitha zemvelo ze-lobster spiny
Isithombe: Langoust
Ama-lobster adliwa yiwo wonke umuntu okwazi ukuluma ngegobolondo eliqinile lomuntu omdala, noma lezo zidalwa ezingagwinya wonke umdlavuza.
Izilwane eziyingozi ezisongela ama-lobster zihlanganisa:
- oshaka bamakhorali;
- oshaka be-hammerhead;
- izingwane. Bayizitha zemvelo zama-crustaceans, ngakho-ke ahlotshaniswa nendlela ethokozisayo yokubamba ama-lobster. Uma i-lobster spiny ingena kunoma iyiphi indawo yokukhosela okunzima ukuyithola kuyo, ikhonjiswa kuyo i-octopus, bese kuthi umgogodla wokuzivikela ubangelwe ku-lobster, esakhiwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwenkulungwane eyodwa yeminyaka. I-lobster enamaphiko ngokushesha iphuma lapho icashe khona bese izama ukubhukuda isuke e-octopus, lapho abantu beyibamba khona;
- ikhodi. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukuhlasela ama-lobster, ngoba kunzima kuzo ukuthi ziqaphele ama-lobster, kepha izinhlanzi ngokuyisisekelo azihlukanisi phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene.
Izibungu zeLobster, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuma emaqandeni, hlangana neplankton, ezondla ngakho kukho konke ukukhula kwazo. Lapho zingadliwa yimikhomo edla ama-plankton nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Crawfish kulula ukuyibamba ngenyama entsha. Ukuyibamba, kubekwa amakheji amancane lapho kubekwa khona iqatha elincane lenyama, lapho i-lobster spiny ikhasa khona ifuna ukudla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-lobster lobster
Ama-lobster awakaze abe sengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuhlela ukudoba okukhulu kuzo - kungenzeka kuphela ukubamba abantu ngabodwana. Zikhuliswa ngenkuthalo ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane zasendaweni yokudlela njengesibiliboco.
Inyama yamaLobster ithambile futhi inezinto eziningi ezizuzisayo. Ngenxa yobunzima bokuyibamba, kuyabiza impela, kepha izingxenye zama-lobster zivame ukuba nkulu ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlanzi ngokwazo. Ukuze kubanjwe, amakheji anenyama ehliswa ezindaweni zokuhlala ama-lobster, agijimela kuwo ama-lobster. Ngenkathi i-crayfish idla inyama, ikheji liyavalwa, futhi ama-lobster awakwazi ukuphuma lapho ngokwawo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-lobster zinciphise inani lazo labantu, njengePanulirus polyphagus evela esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) isinikeze isikhundla sokuvikela ukukhathazeka okuncane.
I-lobster emhlophe isikhathi eside bahlala endaweni ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu: lapho nje abantu befunda ukuzingela nokupheka ama-crustaceans, babona ukuthi ama-lobster angabi nje kuphela amnandi, kepha futhi awusizo. Kepha lezi zilwane eziyimfihlakalo zisacwaningwa ngokwanele endaweni yazo yemvelo, ngakho-ke ngokuzayo kuzofanele sazi lezi zilwane zasolwandle eduze kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/10/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 24.09.2019 ngo-21: 18
