Ushaka kalamula isilwane esiyingqayizivele esinombala wesikhumba omangalisayo. Umbala wakhe ngempela unombala kalamula, ngakho-ke angaya kalula olwandle. Ushaka onamazinyo aphuzi nawo angatholakala ngaphansi kwamanye amagama: Amazinyo abukhali asePanamani, amazinyo amfishane anezinyo elibukhali. Ushaka uthathwa njengesilwane esikhulu impela, yize singesona isilwane esinolaka kakhulu. Abatshuzi nabahloli bamazwe bangayibuka kalula. Uma ungenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, futhi ungazidonseli amehlo, ushaka akasoze alimaza umuntu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: iLemon Shark
I-Lemon shark ingummeleli wesigaba sezinhlanzi ezi-cartilaginous, ezinikezwe i-oda le-karhariniformes, umndeni woshaka ompunga, uhlobo loshaka abanozinyo olubukhali, izinhlobo zoshaka kalamula.
Okhokho basendulo boshaka besimanje babebancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Izinsalela ezitholakele zamazinyo ziyakufakazela lokhu. Ososayensi nabaphenyi bathi ubude bomzimba walomuntu odlayo babungaba ngamasentimitha angama-30-50. Lokhu kutholwa kwakudala cishe sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-400 ubudala. Ukutholwa okunjalo akuvamile kakhulu, ngoba lezi zidliwayo ziyizinhlanzi ezihlwabusayo, ngakho-ke, amathambo abo akakhiwa hhayi ngezicubu zethambo, kodwa ngezicubu zomzimba, ezibola ngokushesha.
Ividiyo: iLemon Shark
Ngesikhathi sokukhona kwalolu hlobo, oshaka babesatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo, ngoba ikholamu lamanzi lalihlanganisa kakhulu uMhlaba. Okhokho basendulo bezilwane zanamuhla babenomzimba olula kakhulu, owawubenza bazizwe bekhululeke ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi seCarboniferous, izinhlobo zezinhlobo zikashaka sezivele zaba zinkulu kakhulu. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho ichthyologists yabiza iminyaka yobudala boshaka. Kule nkathi, kwavela abantu abanendlela yokuhambisa yokushintsha amazinyo. Lesi sici sesakhiwo semishini yoshaka, equkethe ukuguquguquka okungapheli, okuqhubekayo kwamazinyo.
Okulandelayo, inkathi yokuvela kwezidlakela ezinkulu - ama-megalodons aqala. Ubude bazo bungadlula amashumi amathathu amamitha. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.5 edlule. Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-245 edlule, kwaqala ushintsho emhlabeni jikelele ezimweni zezulu, kwavela inani elikhulu lezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo. Lezi zinto ziholele ekuqothulweni kwenani elikhulu lezakhamizi zasolwandle. Lezo zinhlobo ezimbalwa zikashaka ezinenhlanhla eyanele yokuphila yizikhokho eziqondile zoshaka besimanje.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ulamula, noma ushaka ophuzi
Ushaka kalamula ugqame phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zikashaka ngosayizi wawo namandla amangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlukaniswa umbala ongavamile kakhulu, uncharacteristic ezidla ezinye zasolwandle. Indawo engemuva ingahlukahluka: kusuka ophuzi ophuzi, isihlabathi, opinki. Indawo yesisu ingaba mhlophe qwa noma imhlophe nje.
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4, isisindo sidlula amathani ayi-1.5. Izilwane ezinamazinyo zinamandla amakhulu futhi aqinile, angashiyi isisulu ithuba elilodwa lokusindiswa. Amazinyo omhlathi ongaphezulu angunxantathu, ajiwe kancane, futhi ahanjiswe ebusweni. Amazinyo omhlathi ongezansi amise okwe-awl.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ummeleli omkhulu walezi zinhlobo uthathwa njengomzingeli, osayizi wakhe ungamamitha angu-3.43 ubude futhi cishe angama-184 kilograms.
Emaceleni kwalezi zidlakela ezidlayo kuhlala kunenqwaba yezinhlanzi ezincane zasolwandle, umthombo omkhulu wokudla okuyizinambuzane eziyimifino ezivela esikhunjeni soshaka. Izici zalolu hlobo oluthile ukungabikho kwesipikisi nokuba khona kwamabhangqa amahlanu ama-gill slits. Endaweni engemuva, zinamaphiko amabili anomumo nosayizi ofanayo.
Isifonyo soshaka sincane ngosayizi, siyisiyingi, senziwe isicaba futhi sifushaniswe. Isici esihlukile ngamehlo amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ziyisithenjwa esibuthakathaka njengezitho zombono. Oshaka bathembele kakhulu kuma-receptors angenamandla amakhulu, atholakala ebusweni besikhumba senhloko yomzimba.
Zibizwa nangokuthi ama-ampoules ka-Lorenzia. Baqopha imizwa emincane kagesi ekhishwa yizinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emanzini. Ngama-receptors anjalo, oshaka bangalunquma ngokunembile uhlobo lwenyamazane, usayizi womzimba, ibanga nokuhamba kwendlela.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka kalamula?
Isithombe: Ushaka onamazinyo abukhali onentambo emfushane
Oshaka kalamula bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintsha imvelo. Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile ukuthi bangahlala emanzini anezinga elihlukahlukene likasawoti, futhi bazizwe behle nasemanzini.
Izindawo zokuhlala zezilwane zasolwandle:
- IGulf of Mexico;
- Ulwandle lweCaribbean;
- ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean.
Lolu hlobo lwezidalwa zasolwandle luthanda ukuhlala eduze nezindawo eziphakeme ezingasogwini, amadwala olwandle, izixhobo zamakhorali, zikhetha itshe noma phansi kwesihlabathi. Izilwane ezidla ulamula zivame ukubonakala ematheku, eduze nemilomo yemifula emincane.
Abazingeli bolwandle abomele igazi bazizwa bekhululeke kakhulu ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-80-90. Lokhu kungenxa yokunotha okukhulu kakhulu kwesisekelo sefolishi namanzi afudumele. Kodwa-ke, kunabantu ababhukuda baye ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300-400.
Oshaka kalamula abajwayele ukufuduka ibanga elide. Imvamisa zibhekwa njengezilwane ezihlala phansi, ngoba isikhathi esiningi zithanda ukulala nje zinganyakazi phansi, noma zicashe ezixhotsheni zamakhorali, zilinde impango efanelekile yokudla kwasemini futhi zihlole isimo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-lemon shark ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa ushaka kalamula?
Isithombe: iLemon Shark
Oshaka kalamula yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu kakhulu. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwalolu hlobo ezinye izakhamuzi zolwandle olujulile.
Yini engasebenza njengesisekelo sefolishi:
- izinkalankala;
- isikhuphashe;
- i-flounder;
- ama-gobies;
- ingwane;
- octopus;
- oshaka, abancane kakhulu kunoshaka abanamazinyo abukhali: oqoshiwe amnyama, ompunga;
- ama-stingray (awukudla okuthandayo)
- izimpawu;
- amasilebhu;
- isisekelo.
Izilwane ezidla ulamula zingahlasela kahle abamele izinhlobo zazo, ngakho-ke abantu abasha bavame ukuqoqwa, okwandisa amathuba abo okusinda. Umgodi wezinhlanzi unamazinyo acijile. Abazingeli basolwandle basebenzisa umhlathi ongezansi ngokukhethekile ekubambeni nasekulungiseni isisulu, nomhlathi ongaphezulu wokuhlukanisa isisulu sibe izingxenye ezithile.
I-Lemon shark ayikaze ijahe isisulu sayo. Ulele nje endaweni ethile bese uqandisa. Ngemuva kokubamba indlela yokudla kwasemini, ushaka ulinda isisulu ukuba sisondele ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho isekude ngangokunokwenzeka, yenza isibambo esisheshayo sombani futhi ibambe isisulu sayo.
Awekho amacala okuhlaselwa okubulalayo komuntu ngoshaka onamazinyo amfishane. Kodwa-ke, lapho umhlangano usuka, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu. Ukunyakaza okusheshayo kuthathwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye njengophawu lokuhlasela okusheshayo kombani. Kuyafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi oshaka bakalamula badonswa wumsindo wezihambisi zemikhumbi.
Oshaka bazingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Izinhlanzi ezingama-Bony zenza ama-80% wokudla kwesilwane esidlayo. Okunye kungaba ngama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans, nabanye abamele i-phlegm nezilwane zasolwandle. Abantu abasha bezinhlanzi ezidlayo ezingakafiki usayizi wokudla kwabantu abadala ezinhlanzini ezincane. Njengoba ikhula futhi inyuka ngevolumu, ukudla kukashaka kuthathelwa indawo kokukhulu futhi okunomsoco.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: iLemon Shark neDiver
Oshaka kalamula babhekwa njengasebusuku, njengoba bezingela ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni. Bazizwa bekhululeke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwemifula yolwandle, imizila yamanzi, njll. Abantu abasha bavame ukubuthana emihlambini ukuze bahlanganyele ukumelana nokuhlaselwa ngabantu abadala, futhi bazingele njengengxenye yeqembu. Kodwa-ke, emphakathini koshaka, ingozi yokutheleleka ngama-parasite iyanda.
Lolu hlobo lwezilwane zasolwandle olwezinhlanzi zasebusuku. Zikhetha ukuhlala duze nolwandle ngokujula okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-80-90. Oshaka kalamula bayimpilo yasolwandle ebucayi kakhulu, yize bukhulu bayo bukhulu. Zinethezekile impela olwandle oluvulekile ekujuleni okukhulu nasemanzini angajulile eduze nogu. Emini bahlala bephumula, bancamela ukuchitha isikhathi bendawonye, eduze kwamakhorali noma amawa olwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi laba bameleli bempilo yasolwandle banamakhono amangalisayo. Kwelinye lama-aquariums, bacabanga ukuthi ukuze uthole ingxenye elandelayo yenyama entsha, kufanele ucindezele inkinobho engezansi.
Bayakwazi ukugcina imisindo ethile kwimemori yabo izinyanga ezimbalwa. Oshaka basebenzisa amasiginali amaningi ukuxhumana nabanye. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengesixwayiso ezihlotsheni zazo ngengozi ezayo. Ngokuvamile, isimilo soshaka kalamula sichazwa ngabachachyyologists njengabangenalo ulaka. Kaningi kunalokho, ushaka akunakwenzeka ukuthi ahlasele ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, noma uma kungekho lutho olusongela lokho.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Lemon Sharks
Isikhathi sokukhwelana somzingeli siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngokuqala kwehlobo. Ama-Lemon shark izinhlanzi ze-viviparous. Zizala oshaka abancane eduze neBahamas. Budebuduze nogu, oshaka bakha izindawo okuthiwa izikhungo zokukhulisa izingane - izindawo ezincane lapho izinsikazi eziningana, futhi mhlawumbe nedlanzana, zizala khona amaphuphu azo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zinkulisa zizoba yikhaya labo eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila. Izinsana zikhula kancane. Unyaka wonke wokuphila bakhula ngamasentimitha ayi-10-20 kuphela. Oshaka abakhulile nabanamandla babhukuda besuka ezindlini zabo bangena emanzini ajulile futhi bahola indlela yokuphila ezimele.
Abesifazane abadala asebefinyelele ebusheni bakhiqiza inzalo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi eyodwa izala oshaka abancane aba-3 kuya kwabangu-14. Inani lamachwane lincike ebusungwini nasesisindo somzimba sowesifazane.
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe eminyakeni eyi-10-11 ubudala. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwezidalwa ezimeni zemvelo yiminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-33, ngenkathi siphila ekuthunjweni ezindaweni zokugcina izingane nasemanzini kuncipha ngeminyaka engu-5-7.
Izitha zemvelo zoshaka kalamula
Isithombe: Ushaka kalamula oyingozi
Ushaka kalamula ungomunye wezilwane ezidla ngokushesha, eziqine futhi eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngenxa yamandla akhe wemvelo nokushesha, cishe akanazo izitha ezimweni zemvelo. Okuhlukile ngabantu nemisebenzi yabo, kanye nama-parasites ahlala emzimbeni koshaka, bawudla ngaphakathi. Uma inani lama-parasites lenyuka, angabhebhethekisa kalula ukufa kwesilwane esidlayo nesiyingozi.
Kuye kwaqoshwa amacala amaningana okulunywa kwabantu ngoshaka kalamula. Kodwa-ke, akekho noyedwa kubo owabulala. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, kufakazelwe ukuthi ushaka akabathathi abantu njengezisulu noma abangaba yizisulu zabo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izidalwa zasolwandle ngokwazo zihlushwa imisebenzi yabantu. Abantu bazingela izilwane ezidla ulamula ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphakeme zazo zonke izinto. Amaphiko ezinhlanzi ayaziswa kakhulu emakethe emnyama. Izakhi zomzimba zoshaka zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imithi yokwelapha nezimonyo zokuhlobisa. Kuyaziwa kabanzi ngamandla amakhulu esikhumba sikashaka. Inyama yalezi zilwane zasolwandle ithathwa njengesibiliboco esikhulu.
E-United States of America, oshaka kalamula basetshenziswa njengezifundo zokuhlola. Umphumela wezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa we-narcotic uvivinywa kubo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: iLemon Shark
Namuhla ushaka kalamula unesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Iningi loshaka kalamula ligxile olwandle olukhulu i-Atlantic. Inani labantu esifundeni sePacific Ocean liphansi kancane.
Kuze kube manje, azikho izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezizobe zihlose ukuvikela noma ukwandisa inani labantu ngalolu hlobo. Ngokwezibalo, isibalo soshaka kalamula sincipha minyaka yonke. Lokhu akubangelwa kuphela ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Imvamisa izimbangela zokufa kwezidlakudla ezinkulu igagasi, elibaphonsa ogwini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi indawo esogwini ithathwa njengendawo eyintandokazi yezidalwa zikalamula, ikakhulukazi uma kunendawo yamakhorali endaweni yayo. Futhi, abantu abaningi bafa ngenxa yokungcola kwesifunda sendawo abahlala kuyo ngodoti nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemfucuza.
Umsebenzi ophansi wokuzala nawo unesandla ekwehleni. Abesifazane abadala bangazala kuphela lapho befika eminyakeni eyi-13-15 ubudala, futhi bazala amawundlu njalo eminyakeni emibili. Esinye isizathu sokwehla kwenani labantu bakashaka kalamula ukuthi abantu abancane abancane bangaba yinto yezihlobo zabo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi intsha yakha amaqembu ukukhulisa amathuba ayo okusinda.
Ukuvikelwa kukashaka kalamula
Isithombe: I-Lemon shark evela eRed Book
Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle zivikelwe ngokwengxenye yi-United Nations International Plan. Uhulumeni akasilawuli isibalo soshaka kalamula, futhi azikho izinhlawulo zokubamba nokubulala izilwane ezidla igazi ezomele igazi.
Ezifundeni ezihlala izidalwa, abezemvelo nezinhlangano zokuzithandela zisebenza yonke indawo ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle. Kwabasha nasebekhulile, kunikezwa izibalo ezikhombisa ukwehla okuvamile kwenani loshaka kalamula, njengabanye abaningi abamele impilo yasolwandle.
Ushaka kalamula - umhlaseli onobungozi futhi oyingozi kakhulu, ukuhlangana nawo kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Imisebenzi yabantu nezinye izinto ziba yizizathu zokunyamalala kwezinhlobo eziningi zabameleli abamangalisayo bezimila zasolwandle nezilwane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-10: 10
