Isicabucabu iTarantula, noma umuntu odla izinyoni, ubukeka engakhohlakali futhi enemibala emihle. Lesi sinambuzane sikhulu ngosayizi, sinemilenze emide, enoboya nombala ogqamile, okhanya ngokwengeziwe nge-molt ngayinye elandelayo. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningi. Kodwa-ke, wonke athathwa njengoshevu, ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye.
Kumuntu omdala, ophilile, ukulunywa kwakhe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubulale, kepha kungaqubula ukugodola, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukudlikizela, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukusabela okweqile, nokusha. Kumuntu osekhulile, obuthakathaka, noma ingane, isilwane esincane, ukulunywa kwalesi sinambuzane kungaba yingozi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Spider tarantula
Lesi sigcawu singaphansi kwezinambuzane ze-arthropod, singummeleli wesigaba sama-arachnids, ukuhleleka kwesicabucabu, umndeni wesicabucabu - ama-tarantula. Igama lalesi sigcawu esinobuthi livela kulo mdwebo womdwebi waseJalimane uMaria Sibylla Merian, owabonisa isicabucabu sihlasela inyoni ye-hummingbird. Naye uqobo wayengufakazi walesi siqephu, akwazi ukusibona ngesikhathi esahlala eSuriname.
Lezi zigcawu zingaphansi kwe-suborder yama-arachnids akudala. Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-tarantula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenxa yokuhunyushwa okungalungile, hhayi okulungile ngokuphelele kwegama labo. Ososayensi nabacwaningi abaningi bakubheka njengokufanele ukuhlukanisa izicabucabu ze-tarantula zibe isigaba esihlukile sezinambuzane, njengofezela.
Ividiyo: Isicabucabu tarantula
Ngokokuqala ngqa, incazelo yalolu hlobo lwe-arthropod yavela ngekhulu le-18 ngemuva kokuba umculi waseJalimane ebuyile ohambweni olude ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika, lapho babembalwa kakhulu abantu ngalezo zinsuku. Ngemuva kokubona isimo esingajwayelekile sesicabucabu sihlasela inyoni encane, wasidlulisela kwindwangu yakhe. Lapho efika ekhaya, lo mdwebo wethulwa emphakathini. Kodwa-ke, lesi siqephu sagxekwa kakhulu ngumphakathi, ngoba akekho owayengakholelwa ukuthi lesi sinambuzane singazondla ngezinambuzane ezincane ezingenamgogodla noma izinyoni.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwekhulu nesigamu kuphela, inani elanele lobufakazi latholakala ngalesi simo futhi igama lesicabucabu se-tarantula laligxile ngokuqinile ku-arthropod. Namuhla, izicabucabu zivame kakhulu emazwenikazi ahlukene. Zihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningi, abacwaningi bawo abalelwa kwinkulungwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Goliath tarantula spider
Isicabucabu se-tarantula sinokubukeka okhumbulekayo, okukhanyayo. Unemilenze emide embozwe ngama-villi aqinile, aminyene. Zisebenza njengezitho zokuthinta nephunga.
Ngokubuka, kubonakala sengathi ama-arthropod anezimbumba eziyisithupha zemilenze, kodwa uma ubhekisisa, kuyacaca ukuthi isicabucabu sinamabhangqa amane kuphela emilenze. Le yimilenze, eyodwa yayo iwela kwi-chelicerae, esetshenziselwa ukumba izimbobo, ukuvikela, ukuzingela nokuhambisa isisulu esibanjiwe, kanye ne-pedipalps, esebenza njengezitho zokuthinta. I-Chelicerae, enemigudu yezindlala ezinobuthi, iqondiswa phambili.
Amanye ama-subspecies makhulu kakhulu, afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-27-30. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomuntu oyedwa busuka kumasentimitha ama-4 kuye kwayi-10-11, ngaphandle kobude bezitho. Isisindo somzimba esimaphakathi singama-60-90 amagremu. Kodwa-ke, kunabantu abanesisindo sabo esifinyelela cishe ku-130-150 amagremu.
I-subspecies ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inombala ogqamile futhi ocacile. Nge-molt ngayinye elandelayo, umbala uyakhanya futhi ugcwale ngokwengeziwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi se-molting, umbala awukhanyi kuphela futhi ugcwele kakhulu, kepha futhi nosayizi womzimba uyakhula. Abanye abantu okwamanje be-molting bangakhuphuka kathathu kuye kane!
Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, isicabucabu asikwazi ukukhulula izitho zaso. Banikezwe ngokwemvelo amandla okubalahla. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwama-molts amathathu noma amane, ayabuyiselwa futhi.
Umzimba we-arthropod uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: i-cephalothorax nesisu, ezixhunywe komunye nomunye yi-isthmus eminyene. Izingxenye zomzimba zimbozwe i-exoskeleton eminyene - i-chitin. Isendlalelo esinjalo sokuvikela sivikela ama-arthropod emonakalweni womshini futhi sisiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka okukhulu komswakama. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulezo zinambuzane ezihlala ezindaweni ezinezimo ezishisayo nezomile.
I-cephalothorax ivikelwe isihlangu esiqinile esibizwa nge-carapace. Ebusweni bayo bangaphambili ngamehlo amane. Izitho zomgudu wokugaya ukudla nohlelo lokuzala zitholakala esiswini. Ekupheleni kwesisu kukhona izengezo ezivumela ukwelukwa kwama-spider webs.
Ihlala kuphi isicabucabu i-tarantula?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiyingozi se-tarantula
Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula zivame kakhulu emvelweni futhi zihlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuwukuphela kwensimu yase-Antarctica. Izicabucabu azivamile kakhulu eYurophu kunezinye izifunda.
Izindawo ze-Geographic of distribution of arthropods:
- I-South America;
- I-America esenyakatho;
- Australia;
- E-New Zealand;
- I-Oceania;
- E-Italy;
- EPortugal;
- ISpain.
Indawo yokuhlala inqunywa kakhulu yizinhlobo zezilwane. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyamelana nesomiso futhi zihlala ezingwadule ezinezimo ezishisayo nezishisayo. Abanye bathanda izindawo ezinamahlathi ashisayo noma asenkabazwe. Ngokuya ngemvelo kanye nohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala, izicabucabu zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana: ukugqobhoza, ukugoba kanye nobumba. Ngakho-ke, bahlala emigodini, ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni, noma ebusweni bomhlaba.
Kuyisici sokuthi ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthuka kwazo, izicabucabu zingashintsha isithombe sazo nendawo yokuhlala. Izibungu ezihlala emigodini kulesi sigaba, lapho zifinyelela ebusheni, ziyavela emigodini yazo futhi zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ebusweni bomhlaba. Abantu abaningi abadla izinyoni abathanda ukuhlala emigodini bazimba bodwa bese bebaqinisa ngokubaluka ngezindwangu. Kwezinye izimo, imingcele yamagundane amancane adliwe yisicabucabu angangena. Izicabucabu ezihlala ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni zingakha amashubhu akhethekile avela kuwebhu.
Ngenxa yokuthi izicabucabu zibhekwa njengama-arthropods okuhlala phansi, zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni zokukhosela ezikhethiwe noma ezenziwe. Abantu besifazane besifazane, abavuselelwe ngokuqinile nangokuphelele, bangahle bangashiyi izindawo zabo zokucasha izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Manje uyazi ukuthi isicabucabu se-tarantula sihlala kuphi, manje ake sibheke ukuthi yini ongayondla nge-tarantula.
Yini isicabucabu i-tarantula esidlayo?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu se-tarantula esinobuthi
Izinambuzane azivamile ukudla inyama, kepha zibhekwa njengezilwane ezidlayo futhi zidla ukudla kwesilwane kuphela. Izici zokwakheka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla zidinga ukudla okugayekayo, okuntekenteke kalula.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla sezicabucabu ze-tarantula:
- izinyoni;
- amagundane amancane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla;
- izinambuzane;
- ama-arthropods amancane, kufaka phakathi izicabucabu;
- inhlanzi;
- izilwane zasemanzini.
Izitho zokugaya zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi azikwazi ukubhekana nenyama yenkukhu. Kodwa-ke, emvelweni, zikhona ngempela izimo zezicabucabu ezihlasela izinyoni ezincane. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwe-tarantulas yizinambuzane ezincane - amaphela, izimpungushe zegazi, izimpukane, ama-arthropods. Izihlobo ze-Arachnid nazo zingaba yisisulu.
Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izinambuzane ezisebenzayo, ngakho-ke, ukuze zibambe inyamazane yazo, zivame ukulinda inyamazane yazo ziqamekele. Ngenxa yezinwele zabo ezingazweli kakhulu, bezwa konke ukunyakaza kwesisulu esingaba yisisulu. Bayakwazi futhi ukunquma ubukhulu nohlobo lwesisulu. Lapho esondela ngangokunokwenzeka, isicabucabu sihlasela ngejubane lombani, simjova ushevu.
Ngesikhathi lapho izicabucabu zilambile kakhulu, zingajaha inyamazane, noma ziyinyenyele ngokucophelela zize zisondele ngangokunokwenzeka. Izicabucabu ezisanda kuvela emaqandeni azihlangabezani nendlala noma isidingo sokudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Spider tarantula
Isicabucabu se-tarantula sisodwa. Bavame ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezindaweni zokukhosela abazikhethile. Uma izicabucabu zigcwele, kungenzeka zingashiyi indawo yazo yokuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Lezi zinhlobo zesicabucabu zibonakala ngokuhlala ngasese, ukuhlala phansi. Uma kunesidingo, izicabucabu zishiya indawo yazo yokukhosela ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Lolu hlobo lwe-arthropod lubonakala ngokuziphatha okungalindelekile, kanye nokushintsha imikhuba phakathi nemijikelezo ehlukile yokuphila. Lapho kukhethwa indawo yokucasha, izicabucabu zithanda ukuhlala eduze nohlaza ukuze kwandise amathuba okuthola umthombo wokudla. Izicabucabu ezindala ezihlala emiqhele yezihlahla zinekhono elihle kakhulu lokweluka.
Enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yayo yonke i-arthropod yi-molting. Ama-juveniles molt cishe njalo ngenyanga. Isicabucabu siba sikhulu, i-molt ayivamile ukwenzeka. Ngesikhathi se-molting, ipak iyakhula, ithuthukise umbala wayo. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, izicabucabu ziyeka ukondla ukuze kube lula ukuqeda isembozo esiqinile se-chitinous. Imvamisa, ama-arthropod agingqikela emhlane wawo ukuqeda amagobolondo kalula futhi ngokushesha.
Izicabucabu zeTarantula kufanele zithathwe njengompetha ngokuya kwesikhathi sokuphila. Abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe siyiminyaka engama-20-22. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhle, ama-tarantula anezitha eziningi lapho ehlala ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukuzivikela, ama-arthropod anemishini yokuvikela:
- indle ukuhlaselwa;
- ukulunywa okunoshevu;
- i-villi ehlabayo esiswini.
Ngosizo lwezinwele, abesifazane bavikela inzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo. Babaluka kuwebhu, okuyilapho befaka khona umucu. Isikhali esisebenzayo esabisa izitha ngumfudlana wendle, izicabucabu ezithumela esweni lesitha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esikhulu se-tarantula
Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu kunabesifazane, kepha isikhathi sabo sokuphila siphansi kakhulu kunesabesifazane. Umuntu wesilisa uphila isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi uma ekwazi ukuhlangana nowesifazane, khona-ke uphila ngisho nangaphansi.
Abesilisa banezingwegwe ezikhethekile, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izingwegwe ze-tibial. Ngosizo lwabo, abesilisa bagcina abesifazane, ngasikhathi sinye bazivikele kubo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesifazane abakwazi ukubikezela futhi banolaka. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufuna umngane ofanele, abesilisa baluka iwebhu ekhethekile, lapho befaka khona uketshezi oluncane lwesisu. Ngemuva kwalokho babamba onqenqemeni lwewebhu ngezitho zabo bese bedonsela eceleni.
Noma owesifazane esondele kumlingani ongaba umlingani, ukukhwelana akwenzeki ngaphandle kokwenza amasiko akhethekile. Ngosizo lwabo, ama-arthropods athola ukuthi ngabe aphuma enhlotsheni efanayo noma cha. Uhlobo ngalunye luphawulwa ngemicikilisho ekhethekile yokubona abazalwa kabusha: ukuxukuza umzimba, ukushaya izitho, njll.
Inqubo yokukhwelana ingenziwa ngokushesha, noma ingahlala amahora amaningi. Kuqukethe ukudluliswa kuketshezi lwesisu ngabesilisa abangena emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngemuva kokuphela kokukhwelana, abesilisa ngokushesha bazama ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, owesifazane udla owesilisa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, amaqanda akhiwa emzimbeni wowesifazane. Lapho isikhathi sifika, insikazi izalela amaqanda. Inani lamaqanda lincike kuma-subspecies. Insikazi ingabeka amaqanda ukusuka emashumini amaningana kuya kwayinkulungwane. Bese kuthi insikazi yenze uhlobo lukakhukhunathi lapho ifaka khona amaqanda ayo iwafukamele. Le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwezingu-100.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane banolaka ikakhulukazi futhi abangalindelekile. Bangazivikela ngokuqinile nangokungesabi inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, noma bangadla yonke into ngaphandle kokungabaza uma bezwa umuzwa onamandla wendlala. Ama-nymphs avela ku-cocoon, okuthi lapho kusenziwa i-molting akhule aphenduke izibungu, bese eba ngabantu abadala.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu se-tarantula
Isithombe: Isicabucabu se-tarantula esinobuthi
Naphezu kobukhulu obumangazayo, ukubukeka okwesabekayo nobukhona bezindlela zokuzivikela, izicabucabu ze-tarantula zinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezitha ezimweni zemvelo. Ngokuvamile ngokwazo ziba yizisulu zezinye izinambuzane. Esinye sezitha ezimbi kakhulu zesicabucabu se-tarantula yizinhlobonhlobo zama-centipedes. Abazingeli ama-tarantula kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye, izicabucabu ezinkulu nezinyoka.
I-tarantula ivame ukuba yisisulu sommeleli we-genus ethmostigmus, noma ama-arachnids amakhulu. Ama-amphibian amaningi nawo abalwa phakathi kwezitha ze-tarantula, kufaka phakathi ixoxo elikhulu, ixoxo lomuthi omhlophe omhlophe, i-toad-aga, njll. amanye ama-invertebrate awaphikisi kwesinye isikhathi azitika ngokudla inyoni.
Lolu hlobo lwe-arachnid nalo luhlaselwa yizinambuzane, ezizalela amaqanda emzimbeni wezicabucabu. Izibungu kamuva zivela emaqandeni, ezikhubaza emzimbeni womgcini, ziwudle ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Lapho inani lama-parasites liba likhulu, isicabucabu simane sife ngenxa yokuthi izibungu sizidla ngokoqobo ziphila.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Le arthropod inomncintiswano omkhulu ngesimo sesicabucabu se-goliath. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo ezimweni zemvelo, bancintisana nokutholakala kokudla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-spider tarantula spider
Namuhla, isicabucabu se-tarantula sithathwa njengommeleli ovamile we-arachnid. Bacishe babe kuyo yonke indawo. Okuhlukile yi-Antarctica, kanye nezinye izifunda zaseYurophu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezingasakazeki njengezinye, kepha azifakwanga ohlwini lwezitshalo nezilwane ezibalwe eRed Book.
Ayikho imicimbi ekhethekile noma izinhlelo ezihlobene nokuvikelwa kwezicabucabu kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, lapho izicabucabu zivame kakhulu, umsebenzi wolwazi wenziwa nabantu mayelana nokuziphatha lapho behlangana ne-arthropod enobuthi, ngoba kungadala ingozi enkulu.
Isicabucabu se-tarantula sivame kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba njengesilwane esifuywayo. Abafuyi nabathandi bezilwane ezingajwayelekile bavame ukuyikhetha. Akayona into ehlekisayo ngokwemibandela yokuboshwa, akuyona into engavamile futhi ebizayo, ayidingi noma yikuphi ukudla okukhethekile. Ukuze ube nesilwane esingavamile kangako, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela izimo zokugcinwa kwaso nemikhuba yokudla okunempilo.
Isicabucabu iTarantula inokubukeka okucacile, okumangazayo nosayizi omuhle. Kuvamile cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Lapho uhlangana naye, ungakhohlwa ukuthi isicabucabu sinobuthi. Abazalisi bezilwane ezingajwayelekile bayelulekwa ukuba bazijwayeze ngezinyathelo zosizo lokuqala zokulunywa yizinambuzane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 58
