Inyoka yobisi kubukeka kumangalisa kakhulu futhi kunehaba. Ukugqama kwemibala yayo kumane kumangalisa. Akumangalisi ukuthi ubhekwa njengenye yezinyoka ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi kwama-terrariumists, lo muntu wenyoka uthandwa ngendlela eyisimanga, ngoba awuthobeki kokuqukethwe, kepha ngaphandle ucwengisisiwe futhi angaba isihlobiso sanoma iyiphi i-terrarium. Ake sibheke ukuthi lesi silwane esihuquzelayo siyingozi yini, noma ngabe isimo saso sinolaka, kungani sinombala obonakalayo futhi onamanzi kangaka?
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyoka yobisi
Inyoka yobisi ibizwa nangokuthi yasebukhosini, noma inyoka yenkosi enesithukuthezi. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo asinabo ubuthi futhi esomndeni osuvele unjengawo. Kungabonakala sengathi ukubukeka kwakhe konke okukhangayo kuyamemeza ukuthi uyingozi kakhulu futhi unobuthi, kepha lokhu kuyinkohliso nje ehlakaniphile, eyisibonelo esicacile sokulingisa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Inyoka yobisi engenabungozi ilingisa ngobuhlakani inyoka yamakhorali enobuthi futhi iyingozi, ngaphandle ifana ngokumangazayo, yize ingabemindeni ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngokusobala, isilwane esihuquzelayo esivele simile sisebenzisa lesi sici ngezinhloso zokuzivikela.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziyi-8 zezinyoka zobisi (inkosi) nenani elikhulu lama-subspecies, ahlukile ngemibala yazo yasekuqaleni futhi ekhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokudla okuncane kwezinyoka zobisi kunemibala emangalisayo, engajwayelekile, enemibala:
- okubomvu;
- iwolintshi;
- okumhlophe;
- okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- ophuzi;
- obomvana.
Ngenxa yengubo yabo esefashinini futhi ekhangayo, abantu bezinyoka zobisi babukeka njengobuciko bangempela, bujabulisa iso nemimoya ephakamisayo. Umbuzo owodwa kuphela othakazelisayo ophakamayo: "Kungani lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sibizwa ngobisi?" Incazelo yalokhu iyathakazelisa impela.
Ividiyo: Inyoka Yobisi
Kulezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona izinyoka zenkosi, ubisi lwaqala ukunyamalala ezinkomeni. Abalimi baphakamise ukuthi othile udla ngqo embeleni. Ngokubona lesi silwane esiqhakazile emadlelweni, bakuthatha njengonobangela wokulahleka kobisi, yize kungekho bufakazi obuqondile balokhu obutholakele. Le nto babeyibiza ngale nyoka yobisi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi inyoka yenkosi iluthanda ngempela ubisi, kanti akunjalo. Vele, uma uphuca isirhubuluzi amanzi, singaphuza ubisi, kepha lo mkhiqizo uzoholela esiswini esithukuthele kuphela.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoka Yasebisi Lasebukhosini
Ubude besilwane esihuquzelayo sobisi bungafinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu, kepha kaningi bungaba uhhafu wemitha ngosayizi. Njengoba sekushiwo, isici esiyinhloko sedatha yabo yangaphandle isikimu sombala ocebile ngokweqile. Ingahluka ngama-subspecies ahlukene, kepha imibala ebomvu, emhlophe, ephuzi, emnyama imnyama. Ake sicabangele izici zangaphandle zezinyoka zobisi, ezichaza ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu.
Inyoka enhle yenkosi imitha elilodwa ubude. Inhloko yesilwane esihuquzelayo icindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini, ngakho-ke inesimo se-oblong, amehlo amakhulu enyoka abonakala ngokucacile kuso. Umzimba womuntu wenyoka mkhulu futhi uzacile, une-fawn noma umbala onsundu, ithoni ejwayelekile ihlotshiswe ngamachashaza abomvu ansundu angunxande.
Inyoka yenkosi yase-Arizona ayikhuli ngaphezu kwemitha ubude. Ikhanda lakhe elimnyama liyindilinga kancane, futhi emzimbeni wakhe omncane omncane, kubonakala iphethini enhle, eyinhlanganisela yemivimbo ebomvu, emnyama, ephuzi noma emhlophe. Inyoka yenkosi yasentabeni inkulu kancane kunezedlule, iyimitha elilodwa nohhafu ubude. Umzimba wesirhubuluzi unamandla begodu uqinile, begodu ihloko yekhanda likanxantathu ingaba mnyama, mpunga omnyama noma insimbi ngombala. Iphethini elisesifubeni sale nyoka inesikimu sombala ompunga osawolintshi.
Inyoka yenkosi yaseMexico mhlawumbe iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ezichazwe. Umzimba wakhe wamamitha amabili ubukeka uzacile, kodwa uqinile futhi unamandla. Ikhanda livulekile, ngoba icindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Ithoni yomzimba eyinhloko ibomvu ngokubomvu, futhi iphethini kuyo ibomvu futhi imnyama-phuzi, ngesimo semivimbo. Vele, kunezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka zenkosi noma zobisi ezifundwe kahle. Zonke zihlukaniswa ngombala wazo ongajwayelekile futhi odonsa amehlo, ngakho-ke abaningi bafuna ukuba nezilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle nezingenabungozi e-terrarium yabo.
Ihlala kuphi inyoka yobisi?
Isithombe: Inyoka yobisi yeSinaloian
Indawo yokwabiwa kwezinyoka zobisi ibanzi impela, ithatha cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Esikhathini esiningi, laba bameleli bezinyoka banendawo yokuhlala unomphela ebuhleni beCanada, i-USA kanye neNingizimu Melika.
Indawo abahlala kuyo inezindawo ezilandelayo:
- EMexico;
- ETexas;
- EFlorida;
- Arizona;
- INevada;
- I-Alabama;
- EQuebec;
- EColombia;
- EVenezuela;
- I-Ecuador.
Izinyoka zobisi zihlala emazweni ahlukahlukene, zingatholakala ezintabeni (endaweni ephansi engaba ngamamitha angama-350, yize ezinye zihlala phezulu kakhulu), zihlala ezihlahleni zamahlathi, emaxhaphozini, ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasemathafeni. Ngokuhlala kwabo, izinyoka zikhetha imifantu enamadwala, izindawo eziphansi kwamatshe, izihlahla ezibolile eziwile, zonke zisebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela ezinokwethenjelwa nezizimele emini, ngoba ziqala ukusebenza lapho kuhwalala lapho zizingela.
Izinyoka zobisi namahlathi e-coniferous athandwa kakhulu kuzo, atholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle. Abakhuthazelele nakancane ukushisa okukhulu, ngakho-ke bashiya indawo yabo yokuhlala bebheke ebusuku kuphela, bekhetha ukunyakaza komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, inyoka yasebukhosini (yobisi) yenyoka ingabizwa ngokuzethemba ngokuthi yiMelika ejwayelekile, ngoba ihlala eNyakatho, Ephakathi neseNingizimu Melika.
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi inyoka yobisi ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi izinyoka zenkosi zondliwa ngani.
Idlani inyoka yobisi?
Isithombe: Inyoka yobisi yaseHonduran
Imenyu yenyoka yobisi, ingxenye enkulu, iqukethe zonke izinhlobo zamagundane (amagundane namagundane). Uhamba ngokuzingela kusihlwa. Zidla izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezibankwa ezahlukahlukene, izinyoni ezidla zingahlali phezulu phansi noma ngqo kuwo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka zenkosi zidla izibankwa kuphela, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzigcina kuma-terrarium.
Umuntu wenyoka yobisi ngeke akubukele phansi ukudla okulula njengexoxo elijwayelekile. Badla izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasebukhosini nezinye izinyoka, ngisho nezinobuthi kakhulu, ngoba imizimba yabo yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi ingabuboni ubuthi obunoshevu bezihlobo zabo eziyinyoka, ngakho-ke bamunca ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ngenjabulo enkulu futhi ngaphandle kokwesaba okuthile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amacala ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile futhi aqoshwa lapho izinyoka zasebukhosini (ubisi) zisebenzisa ngempumelelo udlame obubabazekayo.
Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi inqubo yokuzingela uqobo, bese kulandela ukufuna isisulu esingaba yisisulu, kuletha injabulo enkulu kubisi lwezinyoka. Bachitha isikhathi sabo ngomdlandla belandelela inyamazane yabo amahora. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo azithandi ukudla ngokweqile, isisulu esisodwa esigwinyiwe sanele izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukudla kwezinyoka ezigcinwe ekuthunjweni kuqukethe amagundane, ama-hamsters, amagundane, izinkukhu, nezibankwa. Imvamisa, isirhubuluzi ngeke sidle izinto ezingaphezu kwezintathu zokudla esikhathini samasonto onke. Ngemuva kokudla, kungcono ukuthi ungaphazamisi umcwecwe izinsuku ezintathu ukuze angakubuyiseli lokho akudlile. Ngesikhathi sokudla, kungcono futhi ukuthi ungaphazamisi umuntu wenyoka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinyokeni zobisi oluvuthiwe kuyinto engathandeki efana nokudla abantu kuyisici.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoka yobisi
Isirhubuluzi sobisi asinabo ubuthi, kepha uqobo asizesabi izinyoka ezinobuthi, ngoba umzimba waso unikezwe ukungavikeleki kubuthi bawo obuyingozi. Isilwane esihuquzelayo siqala ukusebenza lapho kuhwalala. Ayikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhulu, ngakho iyacasha ezikhoselweni zayo, icashe ngokushisa okuhangulayo. Kumuntu, lo muntu onwabuzelayo uphephe ngokuphelele, futhi uyinto yokunconywa kuphela, ngenxa yokugqoka kwayo okujabulisayo.
Abantu bakuqaphele ukuthi inyoka yobisi ivame ukuvakashela emapulazini, ikhuphukela emathangeni ukuzingela amagundane, okuyinto esabisa kakhulu imfuyo. Mhlawumbe izinkomo zilahlekelwa ubisi ngenxa yokwesaba, futhi abantu basola inyoka ngokuyimunca khona kanye embeleni.
Uma sikhuluma ngemvelo yalezi zinyoka ezinhle, ama-terrariumists aqinisekisa ukuthi anokuthula kakhulu, aphephile futhi anelukuluku lokwazi. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zisheshe zikujwayele futhi zihlangane kahle nabantu. Abathandi ukubanjwa ngokuqinile, ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwabo, nokuphazanyiswa ngemuva kokudla. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azihambisani nokugcina izinto, futhi ngisho nabathandi bezinyoka abasakhasayo bangabhekana nalo msebenzi.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi badla izinhlobo zabo, ngakho-ke udinga ukugcina izinyoka ngamunye ngamunye, futhi ngenkathi yokuvuna, qapha ngokucophelela izinyoka. Ukuhlaselwa kokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu akubonwanga phakathi kwezinyoka zobisi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka yasebukhosini
Izinyoka zobisi zivuthwa ngokocansi zisondela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambi kwalokho. Isikhathi sabo somshado siqala entwasahlobo. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zine-oviparous, ngakho-ke, ehlobo, owesifazane ulungiselela ukubeka amaqanda. Ukwenza lokhu, ufuna indawo ecashile nephephile. Isimo esiyinhloko sayo ukoma. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kuhlala ezihlahleni eziwile, ngaphansi kwamahlamvu omile, enhlabathini enesihlabathi.
Isibalo samaqanda abekiwe singafinyelela ku-16, kepha imvamisa kuba khona kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-9. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, izinyoka ezisencane ziqala ukuchamusela. Kusukela ekuzalweni, zizimele kakhulu, zinamasu futhi zifana ngokuphelele ngombala nabazali bazo. Ubude bomzimba bezingane bufinyelela ku-19 cm.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izinyoka zobisi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula ezimpilweni zabo zonke.
Imenyu yezinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa iyafana nokudla kwabantu abavuthiwe, kuphela lapho bekhetha inyamazane yobukhulu obuncane kakhulu, bedla ngenjabulo amatshwele ezinyoni ezincane, amagundane asanda kuzalwa, iminenke emincane. Ezimweni ze-terrarium, izinyoka zobisi nazo zingazala kahle, izilwane ezincane kuphela okufanele zigcinwe ngaphandle kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezivuthiwe, zingakhohlwa ngokubonakaliswa kwazo kwe-cannibalism.
Ezimweni zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila senyoka yobisi akuvamile ukudlula umugqa weminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, imvamisa izilwane ezihuquzelayo azifinyeleli nakushumi. Ekuthunjweni, bangahlala bonke amashumi amabili, ngoba isimo siyathandeka futhi azikho izinto eziyingozi.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka zobisi
Isithombe: Inyoka yobisi emhlophe
Yize inyoka yasebukhosini (yobisi) ingathathwa njengeyingozi, inoshevu obuthakathaka kakhulu (njengekhanda lethusi), engabeki songo kubantu, futhi ayisebenzi ezilwaneni ezinkulu, kepha ingaba nomthelela omncane wokukhubaza kumagundane amancane nasezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo, reptile futhi okuphakelayo. Lo muntu omuhle wenyoka unabahlukumezi abaningi bemvelo abangaphikisani nokudla okukhasa.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- onogolantethe;
- indwandwe;
- izinkozi;
- unobhala izinyoni;
- izingwenya;
- ama-jaguar;
- ama-mongooses;
- izingulube zasendle;
- izingwe;
- meerkats.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo sobisi sidwetshwe ngombala obambekayo, konke lokhu kwasungulwa ngokwemvelo ukuze kuvikelwe, ngoba umbala okhanyayo uthathwa njengesixwayiso, kufanekisela ubuthi nobungozi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukulingisa, i.e. ukulingisa. Kulokhu, inyoka yenkosi engenabuthi ilingisa inyoka yamakhorali eyingozi kakhulu.
Imibala yazo iyefana kakhulu, i-asp kuphela ayinayo imivimbo emhlophe emzimbeni wayo (zihlala ziphuzi njalo). Izinhlobo zaseMexico zesirhubuluzi sasebukhosini zinemibala efanayo ncamashi nenyoka yamakhorali, imivimbo yayo iphuzi ncamashi, ngakho-ke kuphela i-herpetologist enolwazi engahlukanisa lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izilwane eziningi azizibeki engcupheni futhi zeqe inyoka yobisi, zicabanga ukuthi iyingozi futhi inobuthi obukhulu.
Okuthakazelisayo: AbaseMelika baze babhala inkondlo (i-nursery rhyme) ngokufana kwenyoka yamakhorali nenyoka yobisi. Nakhu ukuhumusha kwakhe okulinganiselwa: "Okubomvu nokuphuzi - futhi ubulawa ngokuzumayo, Okubomvu nokumnyama - uJack unomngani!"
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoka Yobisi YaseCampbell
Indawo yokwabiwa kwezinyoka zobisi ingene kulo lonke elaseMelika, eNyakatho naseNingizimu. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoka lubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi kanye nenani elikhulu lama-subspecies. Iningi lazo alikaze lifundwe nhlobo. Mayelana nosayizi wesibalo sezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasebukhosini (zobisi), abukho ubufakazi bokuthi inani labo labantu lehle kakhulu noma lehla kakhulu.
Vele, ziningi izinto ezingezinhle ezithinta inani lezinyoka. Ngokuyinhloko, isizathu esiyinhloko sokungabi nalutho komuntu ohlala ezweni eliningi ngokwengeziwe ngezidingo zakhe, asuse lezo ezinwabuzelayo ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Ungakhohlwa ngobuhle balezi zinyoka, ngenxa yokuthi, zivame ukubanjwa ukuze zithengiswe kabusha. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zalezi zilwane ezinwabuzelayo, iziphathimandla azithathi noma yiziphi izithiyo noma izinyathelo ezinqandayo maqondana nokubanjwa nokuhweba.
Ezinye izinhlangano zezokuphepha zizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngezinhlobo zezinyoka zenkosi zaseCalifornia, abakholelwa ukuthi zisanda kwehla. Kepha i-IUCN ayiqinisekisi le datha futhi ayifaki isilwane esihuquzelayo saseCalifornia kuLuhlu Olubomvu, ikubheka njengenhlobo ebhekene nosongo oluncane.
Ngakho-ke, singacabanga ukuthi inani lezinyoka zobisi lihlala lizinzile, noma kunezindlela ezithile ezimbi. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo alukho ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Ngokusobala, ngenxa yokuthi izinyoka zingazala ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni, zivikele ukwehla okuqinile kwenani lazo endle, ngenkathi zigcina ukuzinza kwabantu bazo.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi uMama Wemvelo akayeki ukusimangaza, asishaye ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimo, ukunotha kwemibala nobuhle bemvelo. Inyoka yobisi iyisidalwa esimangazayo nesikhangayo. Izilwanyana ezithakathayo ngephethini yazo ecacile nobukhazikhazi obumangalisayo. Ingubo yakhe yemfashini iphikisana nanoma yikuphi ukubukeka okuhlaba umxhwele, ngisho ne-couturier edume kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 23.09.2019 ngo-10: 06
