Uma ubheka le boa constrictor, imizwa iyakhuphuka, ngoba umbala wayo oqabulayo, ocebile, oluhlaza uyaqabula ngendlela emangalisayo futhi uyajabulisa iso. Kubathandi abaningi be-terrarium i-boa constrictor - okutholakele nje, ngakho-ke cishe bonke baphupha ngokuba ne-boa constrictor enhle eqoqweni labo. Ake sihlaziye zonke izici ezibalulekile zokuphila kwalesi silwane esihuquzelayo, siqale ngemininingwane yangaphandle sigcine ngesimo sabantu baso.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-boa ephethwe yinja
I-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja ibizwa nangokuthi luhlaza okotshani. I-epithet enjenge-emerald nayo ibizwa ngaye. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo asinabo ubuthi futhi esomndeni wama-pseudopods, sohlobo lwezinkomo ezinamabhanti amancane. Umbala ujwayelekile, onamanzi, nohlaza okotshani uyanqoba, okwenza i-boa constrictor ihehe futhi ibe nehaba. NgesiLatin, le boa constrictor ibizwa ngeCorallus caninus. Uhlobo lweCorallus lunezinhlobo ezintathu zamaqembu ezihlukahluka ngokuya ngemibandela ehlukahlukene. Elinye lala maqembu lifaka i-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja.
Ividiyo: I-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja
Kwatholwa okokuqala ngusosayensi odumile waseSweden uKarl Linnaeus, owachaza lesi silwane esihuquzelayo ngekhulu le-18. Ngenxa yokuthi izingane zalenyoka zizalwa ngama-coral, lolu hlobo lwabalulwa kuhlobo lweCorallus, luyinikeza isiphawulo esithi "caninus", okusho ukuthi "inja".
Kuyacaca ukuthi kungani i-boa constrictor ibizwa nge-arboreal, ihola impilo enjalo, incamela ukwenza cishe yonke into ngaphandle kokusuka emagatsheni. Kubhekwa njenge-emerald ngenxa yombala wayo omuhle. Umbuzo uvele uthi: "Kungani lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sibizwa ngekhanda lenja?" Impendulo ilula - ikhanda layo lifana nesimo senja, ikakhulukazi uma usibuka eceleni. Amazinyo amade atholakala emihlathini engenhla ayafana nama-canines enja.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubude bamazinyo esihlahla se-boa esiluhlaza bungaba kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-5 cm, ngakho-ke ukulunywa kwayo kubuhlungu kakhulu, yize kungenabuthi.
Ngokuqondene nobukhulu besilwane esihuquzelayo, azinkulu njengamazinyo aso; ubude obumaphakathi bomzimba we-boa constrictor bungaba kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-2.8 m.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-boa ephethwe yinja
Umzimba we-boa constrictor ophethwe yinja unamandla impela, uthambile emaceleni. Ikhanda likhulu ngomlomo oxegayo namehlo ayindilinga. Abafundi be-reptile bahlelwe ngokuma.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imisipha ye-boa constrictor ithuthukiswe ngokuphelele, ngoba lapho izingela, isebenzisa inqubo ephumelelayo yokuncinza, okungekho okungaxoshwa kuyo okuqinile.
Ama-pseudopods aqanjwa kanjalo ngoba anezinhlobo ezisalayo zezitho zangemuva (iziqalo), zingamazipho aphuma emaphethelweni endunu. Lo mndeni unama-rudiments wamathambo we-pelvic namaphaphu, futhi isitho sokudla sivame ukuba side kunesobunxele. Amazinyo e-boa constrictor aqinile kakhulu futhi agobile emuva, akhula kulwanga nolwelwesi lwamathambo e-pterygoid. Amazinyo amakhulu omhlathi ongaphezulu osusekayo aya phambili, ngakho enza umsebenzi oncomekayo wokubamba noma yisiphi isisulu, noma ngabe simbozwe kakhulu ngezimpaphe.
Umbala we-boa constrictor ophethwe yinja, okokuqala, ukufihla okungenakuqhathaniswa. Awuhlali unombala ohlaza okhanyayo ocebile, kunezimo zohlaza olujulile, eduze kombala weminqumo noma i-emerald, abanye, kunalokho, banethoni elula. Umbala oluhlaza ogqamile uhlanjululwe ngamabhulethi amhlophe, atholakala ngemuva. Kwezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, lezi zindawo ezimhlophe zihlala endaweni eyanele, kwezinye azikho nhlobo, futhi kunezinhlobo ezinamabala amnyama ngemuva. Akuvamile ukuthi kube nokuxubana kwamabhulethi amnyama namhlophe ngemibala. Isisu se-boa constrictor sinombala omhlophe ongcolile ophuzi othize, futhi mhlawumbe uphuzi okhanyayo.
Kuzalwa amawundlu enyoka:
- ngokubomvu;
- okubomvu okusawolintshi;
- okubomvu okujulile;
- amakhorali;
- nsundu ngokubomvu.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izingane ziba luhlaza, zibe yikhophi yabazali bazo. Abesilisa bangaphansi ngosayizi kwabesifazane, babukeka bencanyana. Yisho okuthandayo, kepha ama-boas aphethwe yinja abukeka kahle ngokwedlulele, ngenxa yombala wabo omuhle futhi ogqamile ngokungajwayelekile wotshani.
Ihlala kuphi i-boa ephethwe yinja?
Isithombe: I-boa ephethwe yinja
I-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja inobuntu obungajwayelekile kakhulu nokuhlala unomphela endaweni yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika.
Itholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile:
- EVenezuela;
- EGuyana;
- IFrench Guiana;
- ISuriname;
- enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil;
- IBolivia;
- EColombia;
- I-Ecuador;
- EPeru.
Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sithatha izindawo ezifudumele, eziphansi, ezinamahlathi ezinomswakama omkhulu, lapho zihlala khona, ezihlahleni zokuqala nezesibili zezihlahla. Kuhlala abantu ngezinkomo nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi. Bakhetha ukungakhuphi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, noma ezinye izibonelo zatholakala endaweni ephakeme cishe yekhilomitha elilodwa. Ama-boas ezihlahla eziluhlaza asatshalaliswa kakhulu kuyo yonke iPaki Kazwelonke YaseCanaima, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeVenezuela.
Umswakama udlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziluhlaza, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zabo ezihlala njalo, bavame ukukhetha imicengezi emikhulu yemifula (ngokwesibonelo, i-Amazon). Kepha ukuba khona kwechibi kuyisimo sokuzikhethela sobukhona babo, kumane nje kuyintandokazi. Ama-Boas athola umswakama abawudingayo emvuleni, lapho ezindaweni zokuhlala kwabo kwehla kuze kufike ku-150 cm ngonyaka.
Amabhasi ahlala emiqhele yezihlahla, lapho achitha khona iningi lempilo yawo yezinyoka, yingakho abizwa ngokuthi yi-arboreal. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe ama-boas endle asikakasungulwa ngokunembile, yize ekuthunjweni kuvame ukudlula uphawu lweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-boa ephethwe yinja ihlala kuphi, ake sibone ukuthi idlani?
Ngabe i-boa ephethwe yinja inciphisani?
Isithombe: i-boa ephethwe yinyoka
Umbuzo maqondana nokudla kwama-boas-headed boas unempikiswano enkulu. Imithombo eminingi ithi zidla kuphela izinyoni ezindiza eceleni kwezihuquzelayo. Izazi ze-Herpetologists ziqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuzange kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi, ososayensi babika ukuthi izinsalela zezilwane ezincelisayo zivame ukutholakala esiswini sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezifile. Kukhona elinye iphuzu ngokubuka imenyu ye-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja, efakazela ukwehluka kwayo, inyoka, ngokombono lo, izingela izilwane ezahlukahlukene:
- izinkawu ezincane;
- izibankwa;
- ama-possum;
- amalulwane;
- zonke izinhlobo zamagundane;
- izinyoni (ama-parrot nama-passerines);
- izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izikebhe zizingela ekuqamekeleni, zicashe esihlokweni sezihlahla, zilenga emagatsheni. Lapho isisulu sesitholakele, amaphaphu aluhlaza abheke phansi ukuze asibambe siqonde phansi. Ngosizo lwamazinyo amade, i-boa constrictor ibamba kalula isisulu esibanjiwe esihlalweni, isebenzisa ukuminyana kwayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha okungaphezu kwehora elilodwa ukugwinya inyamazane.
Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi izinyoka ezincane zihlala ezingeni eliphansi kunezinye ezikhule ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke izibankwa namaxoxo kuvame ukuba ukudla kwawo.
Izikebhe ezinamakhanda ezihlala ekuthunjweni zivame ukuba nemikhuba emibi, zenqabe ukudla okunikezwayo, ngakho-ke kufanele zondliwe ngokungeyikho. Ku-terrarium, imifino idluliselwa ekudleni kwamagundane. Umuntu ovuthiwe wondliwa njalo emavikini amathathu, futhi abantu abasha badla kaningi - ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 noma eziyi-14. Ubukhulu besidumbu segundane esinikezwe i-boa constrictor akufanele bube ngaphezu kwengxenye ejiyile yesilwane esihuquzelayo, ngaphandle kwalokho inyoka izophinda ibuyise ukudla okulula kakhulu. Njengoba bejwayele ukudla amagundane, amabhamuza afuywayo adla kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Amazinyo we-boa constrictor ophethwe yinja
I-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja ingumgogodla kunayo yonke i-arboreal. Uchitha ubusuku nemini emagatsheni, ezingela, ephumula, edla, efuna umlingani wezocansi, ezala futhi aze abelethe inzalo. Isirhubuluzi sizigoqa sizungeze igatsha elifana nomoya oluhlaza okotshani, ikhanda laso lilele kufindo, kuthi izindandatho zesigamu sesigaxa saso zilenge ezinhlangothini zombili. Ukuma komzimba kuhlala kungashintshi cishe usuku lonke. Umsila we-boa constrictor uqine kakhulu futhi unamandla, ngakho-ke awusengozini yokuwa, ungashesha futhi ujikeleze ngombani oshubile bomqhele.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zezinkuni ziqala ukusebenza lapho kuhwalala, bese zichitha usuku ligqoke umthunzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyehlisa emhlabeni, zenze lokhu ukuze zishiswe yilanga. Kutholakala isisulu senyoka ngenxa yamehlo abukhali nemigodi yokwamukela ukushisa etholakala ngaphezu kwendebe engenhla. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo oluyimfoloko njenge-scanner, zihlola indawo ezungezile. Wonke lawa madivayisi asetshenziswa ngamabhoma. ukungathathi kahle imisindo, engenakho ukuvuleka okuzwakalayo ngaphandle futhi enendlebe ephakathi engathuthukile, kepha lokhu kuyisici sazo zonke izinyoka.
I-boa constrictor evela ku-terrarium nayo isemagatsheni afakwe ngokukhethekile futhi iqala ukudla lapho kumnyama. Inqubo ye-molting kuma-emeralds yenzeka kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ama-boas molt amancane kuphela ngesonto ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo lwalesi silwanyana esihuquzelayo,-ke akusilo elikhangayo njengokuvela kwalo. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala e-terrarium zinomlingiswa omubi ngokwedlulele, ziyakhetha futhi ziyakhetha kakhulu ekudleni, futhi zingaluma ngamazinyo azo amade kakhulu kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezinzwa ziyathinteka. Ukuhlasela kwenzeka ngejubane lombani futhi kuphindwa kaningi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono izazi zemvelo ezingenalwazi ukuthi zingathathi i-doghead ezandleni zazo, ngoba zidinga ukwazi ukuyibamba kahle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-boa ephethwe yinja
Izikebhe zesifazane eziphethwe yinja azizaleli futhi zichamusele amaqanda, ngoba ziyi-ovoviviparous. Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili basondela eminyakeni emithathu noma emine yokuphila kwabo, futhi abesifazane kamuva - ngemine noma emihlanu. Ukuqala kwenkathi yezinyoka zomshado kungoDisemba, bese kuqhubeka kuze kufike uMashi.
Yonke imidlalo yokukhwelana, izinsuku nezimpawu ezenziwa ngamakhompiyutha zenzeka ngqo emqhele wesihlahla. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-boas awanaso isikhathi sokudla, abanumzane bazulazula entokazi yenhliziyo, bezama ukumbeka lapho beya khona. Ama-duels avame ukwenzeka phakathi kwawo, lapho kuvela khona umkhwenyana onqobayo, futhi uthola inhliziyo yale ntokazi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-duelists ahlaselana, asebenzisa lonke uchungechunge lokuluma okuncane nokusunduza, kwembula imbangi enzima kunazo zonke, ezothokozisa intokazi yenhliziyo ngokuzihlikihla esifubeni sayo futhi iklwebhe kancane ngezidladla zangemuva (iziqalo).
Owesifazane osesimweni akadli lutho kuze kube kuzalwa inzalo. Angaba nokudla okulula kuphela emavikini amabili okuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Imibungu ikhula esibelethweni, idla izikhupha zamaqanda. Zishiya amaqanda lapho zisengaphakathi komzimba kamama, kuthi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa zimbozwe ngefilimu ezacile, ecishe iqhekeke ngaso leso sikhathi. Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa ezine-yolk sac zixhunywe ngentambo, ephuka ngosuku lwesibili - lwesihlanu ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-240 kuya kwezingama-260. Owesifazane oyedwa ubeletha izinyoka ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-20 (imvamisa azikho ngaphezu kwe-12). Isisindo sezinsana sisuka kuma-gramu angama-20 kuye kwangama-50, kanti ubude bazo bungafika kufinyelela kwesigamu semitha. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane, umama uzishiya ngokushesha, angazikhathaleli nhlobo izingane. Izinsuku zokuqala zenyoka zisengozini kakhulu futhi zingaba yizisulu ezilula zanoma yiziphi izilwane ezidlayo, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umuntu ongasinda.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ezinganeni eziningi, umbala ubomvu ngokubomvu noma nsundu ngokubomvu, kepha kukhona nezinhlobo eziqhakazile - ilamula eliphuzi ne-fawn, elipendwe ngamabala amhlophe aqhakazile ngemuva. Njengoba zikhula, izingane zishintsha isikimu sazo sombala, ziba luhlaza, njengabazali bazo.
Ama-Terrariumists aqala ukuhlangana namabhokisi anezinkuni eseneminyaka emibili, kepha inzalo yabo ivame ukuba buthakathaka. Izingane ezinamandla neziphilile zizalwa yizinkomo ezindala. Ukuze ukhiqize kabusha, izinga lokushisa ebusuku ema-terrarium lehla laya kuma-22 degrees ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kwale nqubo, owesifazane uvame ukugcinwa ngokuhlukile kowesilisa. Leli bhizinisi liyinkinga futhi linzima, ngakho-ke udinga ukuba nolwazi nesipiliyoni.
Izitha zemvelo zamakhumbi aphethwe yinja
Isithombe: i-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja ngokwemvelo
I-boa ephethwe yinja ayinabukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, njengamanye ama-congener ayo, ama-boas, futhi inobuthi, kepha amazinyo ayo ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu, futhi imisipha yomzimba inamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke ingaluma umuntu ophikisana naye kunalokho ngokuqinile, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuphuma esikhumbuzweni esikhohlisayo se-reptile. Impilo ngaphansi kombhede wamagatsha namahlamvu aluhlaza isiza i-boa constrictor ukuthi ingaqapheli, ngoba umbala wayo omuhle, okokuqala, ukufihla okuhle kakhulu, okusizayo, lapho kuzingelwa, futhi ukuze ucashe esitheni.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi engenhla yokuvikela i-reptile enokhuni, inezitha ezanele ezimweni zemvelo, zemvelo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zingahlula i-boa evuthiwe enenja.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- ama-jaguar;
- izidlo ezinezimpaphe ezinkulu;
- izingulube zasendle;
- ama-caimans;
- izingwenya.
Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zinezifiso ezimbi kakhulu, ngoba umama wazo uzishiya ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwazo. Ukukhula okuncane okuncane nakho kusengozini kakhulu, ngoba ayinaso isipiliyoni esifanele futhi ayikafinyeleli kusayizi odingekayo. Izinyoka ezisencane zivame ukuba yizisulu zamankankane, ama-kites, ukuqapha izibankwa, izimpungushe, ama-hedgehogs, ama-mongoose namagwababa. Ngakho-ke, akulula ngezikebhe ezinamakhanda ezinja ukuba ziphile ezimeni ezinzima zemvelo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasencane kakhulu futhi abangakatholi amava enyoka yokuphila.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-boa ephethwe yinja
Ngo-2019, i-International Union for Conservation of Nature yanquma ukuhlukanisa i-boa yesihlahla esiluhlaza njengesigaba sezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini encane. Abalondolozi bemvelo abathukuthele ababonanga zinsongo ezisobala ku-boa constrictor ophethwe yinja cishe kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala kwayo; izinsongo kuleyo ndawo nazo azange zikhonjwe.
Kunesici esisodwa esethusa izinhlangano zezemvelo - lokhu kungukubanjwa okungekho emthethweni kwamakhumbi aphethwe ngabakwa-sabog ngenhloso yokuwathengisa kabusha, ngoba ama-terrariumists athanda ukulungela ukunikeza izizumbulu zezilwane ezifuywayo ezihehayo. Ngisho nabantu bomdabu, abahlangana nezikebhe ze-emerald, bavame ukubabulala.
Ukubanjwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngenxa yokuhweba manje kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kweSivumelwano Sokuhweba Somhlaba Wonke. Ensimini yamazwe amaningi, kwethulwe izilinganiso zokuthunyelwa kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isibonelo, eSuriname, ukuthunyelwa kwamakhophi angekho ngaphezulu kwama-900 kuvunyelwe ngonyaka (lena yimininingwane yango-2015). Noma kunjalo, endaweni yaseSuriname, lezi zindlela zokuzivikela azibonwa kahle, ngoba ama-boas athunyelwa ezweni evela kude kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, okuthinta kabi inani lalezi zinhlamvu, kepha kuphela ezingeni lalesi sifunda esihlukile, lokhu akukakabonakali enanini eliphelele lazo zonke izikebhe eziphethwe yinja.
Ososayensi benza ukuqapha ezindaweni zaseBrazil Guiana naseSuriname, ngokwemiphumela yayo, kwavela ukuthi ama-green boas awavamile noma afihlwe ngekhono, ngakho-ke kunzima ukubala inani lezilwane ezihuquzelayo emhlabeni jikelele. Yize kunjalo, okwamanje, amabhamuza aphethwe yizinja awasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, isibalo sawo ngeke sehle kakhulu, sihlala sizinzile, okuyizindaba ezinhle.
Ngifingqa, ngithanda ukungeza lokho i-boa constrictor - indoda ebukekayo yangempela, ebheka ukuthi ubani angahlala engenandaba. Ingubo yakhe ekhanyayo ye-emerald ibukeka icebile futhi iwubukhazikhazi, ishaja ngamandla avuselelayo futhi inethemba.Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo, le mod ikhetha kakhulu futhi ayinamqondo, kepha abalimi abanolwazi abakunaki lokhu, becabanga ngalesi sihle se-boa constrictor iphupho langempela ne-emerald yamaqoqo abo ezinyoka!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.06.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 04
