Imvelo yeNhlonhlo YaseCrimea icebile futhi ihlukahlukene, lapho amahlathi asezintabeni-amahlathi ehlala ndawonye nama-plain-steppe. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zihlala kulezi zindawo, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zezinyoka, ezimbili zazo ezingaba yingozi kubantu. Abantu abathanda ezokuvakasha, kanye nabathandi bezokungcebeleka ngaphandle kwedolobha, kudingeka bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi nezingenabungozi. Akubuhlungu nokwazi ukuthi kufanele uziphathe kahle kanjani lapho uhlangana nenyoka, yini engenziwa nengenakwenziwa ezimweni ezinjalo.
Izinyoka ezinobuthi
Ezinyokeni ezinobuthi eCrimea, kuphela i-steppe viper ephilayo, etholakala ikakhulukazi emaqeleni nasemathafeni asemahlathini ase-Eurasia.
Inyoka yesitepe
Inyoka enkulu ngokwanele, ubude bayo obungu-40-60 cm, kanti abesilisa bavame ukuba bancane kunabesifazane.
Ngokungafani nenyoka ejwayelekile, umzimba wayo ubanzi engxenyeni emaphakathi, umzimba wenyoka yesteppe ucishe ufane ngobukhulu, kuyilapho, njengoba kunjalo, ucwecwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini.
Ikhanda linwetshiwe kancane, limbozwe ngaphambili ngeziqu ezingajwayelekile ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi, nemiphetho yesifonyo iphakanyiswe kancane.
Izikali zenyoka zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga, kuyilapho ngemuva kunephethini ehlukanisayo e-zigzag yombala omnyama noma onsundu. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba, kukhona umugqa wezindawo ezimnyama ezifiphele kancane. Isisu simpunga, sinamabala amancane. Izinyoka ezimnyama, ezicishe zibe mnyama, azivamile kakhulu.
Esikhathini esiningi, le nyoka itholakala ezintabeni, emaqeleni, ezingwadule, nasezintabeni, lapho zihlala khona endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Okubalulekile! Ngenkathi yehlobo, inyoka emathafeni isebenza ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa, kanti entwasahlobo nasekwindla ithanda ukuzingela emini. Emhlabathini kuhamba kancane, kepha kubhukuda kahle futhi kungakhuphuka emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ezihlahleni eziphansi.
Le nyoka ivuka lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela kuma-degree ayisikhombisa, kanti isikhathi sayo sokuzala siwela ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, inyoka iletha kusuka kumawundlu ama-4 kuye kwangama-24, ubukhulu bawo obucishe bube ngu-11-13 cm, ozovuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.
I-steppe viper ingaba yingozi kubantu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye inenzuzo enkulu, ngoba ayibhubhisi nje izinyoni ezincane nezibankwa, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane zezolimo - amagundane nezinambuzane ze-orthoptera. Isikhonyane sakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwaso, okuvame ukuba yinhlekelele yangempela kubalimi.
Izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Ezindaweni zaseCrimea Peninsula kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezingezona ezinobuthi. Kodwa-ke, enye yazo ingaba yingozi kumuntu, ngoba inesimo esinolaka.
Inyoka enebhande eliphuzi
Kungokwenyoka enkulu kakhulu yaseYurophu: kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ku-200-250 cm ngosayizi, kanti abesilisa bangaba bade kunabesifazane.
Inhloko yomugqa onamabhande aphuzi incane ngomlomo oyindilinga, ukucabangana okukuhlukanisa nentamo kuvezwe kahle. Amehlo aphume kancane, nomfundi oyindilinga. Izikali ziphakathi ngosayizi, kunalokho zibushelelezi.
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ipendwe ngombala womnqumo noma ophuzi onsundu, noma obomvu, obomvu, futhi kukhona cishe nabantu abamnyama. Isisu sinombala owodwa, ophuzi okhanyayo, owolintshi noma obomvu ngokusawolintshi.
Lezi zinyoka zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile - emaqeleni, ezingwadule, phakathi kwezindawo ezibekwe amatshe, emithambekeni yemihosha nemigodi.
Zitholakala futhi ezihlahleni, emabhandeni asehlathini, ezingadini, ezivinini, emanxiweni emizi, ezitokisini zotshani. Izintaba zikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Bazingela amagundane, izibankwa, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinyoni nezinyoka zezinhlobo ezithile, kubandakanya izinyoka nezinyoka.
Zikhwelana ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5, ezinsikazi zizalela amaqanda ayi-5-18, kuthi izinyoka zazo zichamisele cishe ama-30 cm ubude ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni engama-3-4, kanti izinyoka ezinamabhande aphuzi zihlala endaweni yazo yemvelo kusuka ku-8 kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10.
Lezi zinyoka azesabi abantu, lapho zihlangana nazo, azami ukukhasa zibaleke ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha, zigobekile emasongweni, zilahlela kulowo muntu ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha amabili, ngenkathi zizama ukungena ebusweni. Ukulunywa yinyoka enamabhande aphuzi kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kuvame ukushiya isibazi esincane ngemuva.
Ingwe umgijimi okhuphuka
Imvamisa, abesilisa balezi zinhlobo abedluli ku-100 cm ubude, abesifazane bangaba bakhulu kancane - kuze kufike ku-120 cm. Le nyoka, ehlukaniswa nobuncane bayo obumbene nombala ohlukile, cishe akunakwenzeka ukudida nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene.
Inhloko yenyoka yengwe incane futhi ivulekile kancane, amehlo anombala osagolide-orenji, ngosayizi ophakathi, umfundi uyindilinga.
Umbala omkhulu womzimba u-grey noma i-pearl grey, enamabala ansundu ansundu noma abomvu kuwo, okusikhumbuza iphethini esikhunjeni sengwe futhi inemingcele yohlaka olumnyama.
Izinyoka zengwe zitholakala eningizimu yeYurophu. Ngaphezu kweCrimea, zingatholakala, ngokwesibonelo, e-Italy, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Croatia.
Lezi zinyoka zondla ikakhulukazi kumagundane anjengegundane njengama-voles. Isikhathi sabo sokuzalisa singoMeyi-Juni, futhi kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-5 amawundlu achamisela ngo-Agasti-Septhemba.
Abagijimi bengwe banokuthula futhi abakaze bahlasele umuntu kuqala, kepha bangazama ukuluma ngesikhathi sokuzivikela.
Umgijimi okhuphukayo onemigqa emine
Inyoka enkulu efinyelela kuma-260 cm, kepha ayinabungozi ngokuphelele kubantu.
Ikhanda limile okwedayimane, umkhawulo wesibeletho awuzwakali kahle. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ivame ukudwetshwa ngombala okhanyayo onsundu, ophuzi noma ompunga, isisu siba phuzi ngotshani, kwesinye isikhathi sinamabala amnyama amnyama ngendlela yamabala.
Isici esivelele salolu hlobo lwezinyoka yimivimbo emincane emincane engama-longitudinal yombala onsundu onsundu, osengxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wesirhubuluzi.
Inyoka ekhuphuka ngemizila emine ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele, lapho kunezindawo ezinomthunzi, ezinomswakama. Ungamhlangabeza emaphethelweni nasemaphethelweni amahlathi, emathafeni ezikhukhula zemifula, emithambekeni enamadwala egcwele izihlahla, kanye namathafa asenhlabathi, izivini nezingadi.
Ezinsukwini ezinamafu, izinyoka zalolu hlobo zizingela emini, nasezinsukwini ezishisayo nezishisayo, ebusuku nakusihlwa.
Idla amagundane, ama-lagomorphs, izinyoni. Kukhuphuka izihlahla ngokuphelele, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakwazi ukunqoba ibanga eliphakathi kwamagatsha akude komunye nomunye emoyeni.
NgoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, insikazi yenza ibamba lamaqanda ayi-4 kuye kwayi-16; ngemuva kwamasonto ama-7-9, amawundlu aqanduselwa kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-30 cm ubude ngokwesilinganiso. Zikufanelekela ukukhiqizwa kabusha eminyakeni engama-3-4.
Azinalo ulaka kubantu futhi lapho zihlangana nazo ngephutha, lezi zinyoka, imvamisa, ngokwazo zizama ukucasha otshanini obukhulu ngokushesha okukhulu.
IMedyanka
Enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-copperheads - i-copperhead evamile. Ubude obuphakathi kwalezi zinyoka bungu-60-70 cm, ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila ufushane izikhathi ezingama-4-6 kunomzimba.
Ikhanda licishe laba yisiyingi, umfundi uyindilinga, umbala wamehlo unombala osagolide noma ubomvu.
Izikali zibushelelezi, umzimba ongaphezulu unombala ompunga, onsundu ngokuphuzi noma onsundu ngokubomvu onamabala ethusi. Kulesi simo, ngemuva, kungahle kube nephethini ngesimo samabala amnyama noma amachashazi asezingeni eliphakathi.
Umbala wesisu uvame ukuba mpunga, kepha futhi ungaba yimuphi umbala kusuka ensimbi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ucishe ube bomvu, onamabala amnyama noma amachashaza amnyama.
Ekhanda lamakhophi, iphethini yesici iyabonakala, ngesimo somugqa omnyama osuka emakhaleni uye emathempelini.
AmaCopperheads ahlala ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle, ezomile, njengasemaphethelweni ehlathi, ama-glades anamahlathi, izimfunda nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, angakhuphuka nezintaba aze afike kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Le nyoka iyashona, yize kwesinye isikhathi ingabonakala kusihlwa ngisho nasebusuku.
Izingela izibankwa, izinyoni ezincane, amagundane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, kanye nezinyoka, kwesinye isikhathi ingadla abantu abancane bohlobo lwayo.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa abakhiqizi senziwa ngoMeyi, kanti ehlobo kusuka emawundlu amabili kuya kwayi-15 aqanduselwa emaqandeni abekwe ngabesifazane, angamagobolondo amancane. Izinyoka zalezi zinhlobo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngeminyaka eyi-3-5, futhi ngokuphelele, i-copperheads iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-12.
I-Copperheads ayihlaseli abantu kuqala, futhi ayilumi. Kodwa-ke, uma uzama ukubamba inyoka, khona-ke izokwakha ikhwelo futhi iphume ibheke esitha esingaba khona. Uma engafuni ukumshiya yedwa, uzozama ukwethusa umhlaseli onamandla ngosizo loketshezi olunephunga elingathandeki kakhulu, olukhiqizwa kwizindlala ezikhethekile.
Okuvamile vele
Ungayihlukanisa kalula kwezinye izinyoka ngamachashazi aphuzi, awolintshi noma amhlophe ekhanda layo.
Usayizi ojwayelekile walezi zinyoka ngu-140 cm, kepha abesifazane bangakhula bafike kumamitha ayi-2,5. Ikhanda lingunxantathu, liyindilinga kancane ukusuka ohlangothini lwesifonyo. Umfundi wezinyoka uyindilinga, hhayi mpo, njengaleyo yezinyoka ezinobuthi.
Izikali zimnyama, mpunga noma zimnyama imbala, isisu siphaphathekile, siphuzi noma simpunga ngokukhanyayo, imvamisa sifakwa ukumakwa okunsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani.
Izinyoka zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama; imvamisa lezi zinyoka zitholakala osebeni lwemifula, amachibi, kanye nasezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi nezimfunda ezimanzi.
Lezi zinyoka azesabi bantu futhi zivame ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize zingene nasezindlini eziphansi kwezindlu noma ezingadini zemifino.
Zithanda ukudla izinyoka kuma-amphibian, amagundane afana namagundane nezinyoni ezincane, futhi zidla nezinambuzane ezinkulu.
Lezi zinyoka ziyahlangana entwasahlobo, ngemuva kwalokho inyoka ibekela amaqanda asuka kwayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangama-30. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, amawundlu aqandusela kubo, ubude bomzimba obungu-15-20 cm.Bakulungele ukukhiqizwa ngeminyaka emi-3-5 yokuphila, futhi sezizonke, izinyoka ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Lezi zinyoka ziphatha abantu ngokuthula futhi azihlaseli kuqala. Kepha uma becasukile noma bezama ukubalimaza, ukuze bazivikele, bangathela uketshezi olujiyile olunephunga elimnandi olukhiqizwa yizindlala ezikhethekile kumuntu. Zijwayele ukuluma, futhi amanxeba afakwe yigama avame ukutheleleka ngenxa yokuthi amazinyo ezinyoka anomumo ogobile futhi imvuthuluka yokudla ebolile ihlangana phezu kwawo.
Amanzi vele
Inyoka, ubukhulu bayo abudluli kumamitha ayi-1.6, nabesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ikhanda licishe laba yisiyingi, lincipha kancane libheke esifubeni, umfundi uyindilinga.
Izikali ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba zinemibala yomnqumo, i-olive-grey noma nsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani, enamabala ahlakazekile noma imivimbo yomthunzi omnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinyoka ezihlanzekile zomnqumo noma zamanzi amnyama.
Izinyoka zamanzi azinakho ukumakwa okuphuzi noma okusawolintshi emakhanda azo; esikhundleni salokho, lezi zinyoka zinamabala amnyama amise okwe-V.
Indlela yokuphila yenyoka yamanzi ixhunyaniswe kakhulu nemizimba yamanzi anosawoti noma amasha, lapho izingela khona kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwesigamu sokudla kwakhe kuyizinhlanzi, futhi yonke imenyu ikakhulu ama-amphibians.
Lezi zinyoka zivame ukubonakala emachwebeni aseCrimea, lapho zithanda ukuzingela izinhlanzi emndenini wakwa-goby.
Amanzi asevele engenalo ulaka futhi yena uqobo uzama ukugwema ukuhlangana nomuntu. Uma kufanele azivikele, wenza lokhu ngosizo loketshezi olunephunga elibi, elikhishwa kwizindlala eziseduze nomsila wakhe.
Ukuziphatha kwenyoka
Iningi labantu liyazesaba izinyoka ngakho-ke azifuni ukuhlangana nazo nhlobo. Kepha ngisho nakwezilwane ezihuquzelayo uqobo, ukushayisana nomuntu akunakubizwa ngokuthi kumnandi, ngakho-ke, iningi labo, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, lizama ukukhasa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokushesha lapho bezwa ukusondela kwabantu.
Ukuze umhlangano ngephutha nenyoka ukwenze ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi, kunconywa ukulandela imithetho ethile:
- Uma uya ehlathini noma uhamba izintaba ezintabeni, kunconywa ukuthi ugqoke amabhulukwe amade, aqinile noma ama-ovaloli, imilenze yawo okufanele ifakwe kumabhuthi enjoloba. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvikeleni emazinyweni enyoka uma kwenzeka ishayisana nayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amazinyo ezinwabuzelayo eziningi mancane, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka angabhobozi izicathulo noma izingubo.
- Lapho uhambisa lapho kufanele kuhlala khona izinyoka, udinga ukuhamba ukuze umsindo wezinyathelo uzwakale kahle. Izinyoka, zibona ukudlidlizela kwenhlabathi, zona ngokwazo zizophuthuma ukucasha kude nabantu.
- Njengoba uhlangane nenyoka ngengozi ensimini, ehlathini, engadini yemifino noma ezintabeni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi usondele kuyo. Kungcono ukuma kude bese ulinde ngomoya ophansi kuze kube yilapho isirhubuluzi sikhasa sodwa.
- Uma inyoka ikhombisa ubudlova, futhi kaningi ingenabo ubuthi, kepha izinyoka ezilumayo ezineziphuzo eziphuzi ziziphatha, ukushayisana okungcono ukukugwema, kuzodingeka uzame ukusuka kude nesirhubuluzi, ngenkathi usigcina sibonakala njalo.
- Akunasimo lapho kufanele uye enyokeni izotha elitsheni noma esiqwini esiwile, ingasaphathwa eyokuzama ukuyixosha noma ukuyibulala. Ngempela, kulokhu, isilwanyane esihuquzelayo sizolwela kanzima impilo yaso.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uhlale ehlathini noma ezintabeni etsheni noma esiqwini, kudingeka ubhekabheke ngokucophelela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi akukho nyoka lapho.
- Inyoka engena etendeni lezivakashi noma esikhwameni sokulala akufanele yesabe futhi icasulwe ibe ulaka. Udinga ukuzola, ngaphandle kokwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, linda kuze kube yilapho isirhubuluzi ngokwaso sikhasa sivela kubantu.
- Akufanele nakanjani ubulale izinyoka, noma ngabe ukubukeka kwazo kubonakala kuyisinengiso noma kuyesabisa.
ECrimea, ayikho inyoka eyodwa engabulala abantu. Ngisho nobuthi benyoka yamathafa buthakathaka kakhulu kunobuthi bezinhlobo zayo ezihlobene nayo. Ngokuqondene nengwe engenabungozi nenyoka enemigqa emine, ukuhlangana nazo akunakwenzeka, ngoba izinyoka zalezi zinhlobo ziyivelakancane futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyavikelwa. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele, lapho ebhekene nabo, azame ukubabamba noma ukubalimaza. Okuwukuphela kohlobo lwezinyoka zaseCrimea ezingaba nolaka kubantu yinyoka enebhande eliphuzi, lapho udinga khona ukuhlala kude futhi ungazami ukumcasula. Futhi-ke, umuntu akufanele esabise inyoka noma ahlasele, ngoba kulapho kuphela ukuhlangana nalesi silwane esingenangozi kungabi nobungozi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
