Ogar - Leli dada elikhanyayo nelingafani nelibomvu, elakha izidleke eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi, lifudukela ebusika liye eNingizimu Asia. Izimpaphe zalo ezibomvu ngokugqamile ziphikisana nekhanda kanye nentamo kakhilimu ophaphathekile. Ekuthunjweni, zigcinelwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa ngenxa yezimpaphe zazo ezikhanyayo.
Imvamisa zinolaka futhi azixoxi, kungcono ukuzigcina ngazimbili noma zihlakazeke emabangeni amade. Uma ugcina umlilo uhlangana namadada ezinye izinhlobo, kulokhu-ke ziba nolaka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzalisa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ogar
U-Ogar (Tadorna ferruginea), kanye nomgodla, uyilungu lohlobo lweTadorna, emndenini i-Anatidae (idada) Le nyoni yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1764 isazi sezilwane / isazi sezitshalo saseJalimane uPeter Pallas, owayiqamba ngokuthi i-Anas ferruginea, kodwa kamuva yadluliselwa kuhlobo lweTadorna. Kwamanye amazwe, ibekwe kuhlobo lweCasarca, kanye ne-ogar yaseNingizimu Afrika enekhanda elimpunga (T. cana), inja yezimvu yase-Australia (T. tadornoides) .Nenja yezimvu yaseNew Zealand (T. variegata).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA nge-phylogenetic kukhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo luhlobene kakhulu nomlilo waseNingizimu Afrika.
Igama lohlobo Tadorna livela eFrance "tadorne" futhi ngokunokwenzeka ekuqaleni lisuselwa olimini lwesiCeltic esisho ukuthi "izinyoni zamanzi eziguquguqukayo." Igama lesiNgisi elithi "sheld duck" lisukela cishe nge-1700 futhi lisho into efanayo.
Igama lezinhlobo ze-ferruginea ngesiLatini lisho ukuthi "obomvu" futhi libhekisela kumbala wezimpaphe. Kwenye yezinganekwane zaseKazakh, kuthiwa akuvamile, kanye njalo eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa, umdlwane onobuqili uqanduselwa eqanda eduze komlilo. Noma ngubani othola umdlwane onjalo uzoba nenhlanhla kuzo zonke izindaba zabo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ogar duck
I-Ogar - isiphenduke idada elibonakalayo ngenxa yombala wayo obomvu okhethekile okhethekile. Zonke izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu ezihlala eningizimu yezwe futhi ezinamabala abomvu ezimpapheni ziyahluka ngombala wekhanda. I-ogar ikhula ibe nobude obungu-58 - 70 cm futhi inamaphiko angu-115-135 cm, kanti isisindo sayo singu-1000-1650.
Owesilisa unezimpaphe zomzimba o-orenji onsundu kanye nekhanda nentambo e-paler, ensundu ngokusawolintshi, ehlukaniswe nomzimba ngekhola elincane elimnyama. Izimpaphe zokundiza nezimpaphe zomsila zimnyama, kuyilapho amaphiko angaphakathi anezimpaphe ezicwebezelayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpiko ezingenhla nezingezansi zinengaphansi elimhlophe lephiko, lesi sici sibonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sendiza, kepha asibonakali lapho inyoni ihleli nje. Uqhwaku lumnyama, imilenze imnyama mpunga.
Ividiyo: Ogar
Insikazi iyefana neyesilisa, kodwa inekhanda nentamo emhlophe qwa, emhlophe futhi ayinayo ukhololo omnyama, kubo bobubili ubulili umbala uyashintsha futhi ubuna ngeminyaka yezimpaphe. Izinyoni ziyancibilika ekupheleni kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Owesilisa ulahlekelwa ukhololo omnyama, kepha enye i-molt eyingxenye phakathi kukaDisemba no-Ephreli iyakha kabusha. Amachwane ayafana nensikazi, kodwa anombala omnyama onsundu.
U-Ogar ubhukuda kahle, ubukeka esinda, njengehansi endizeni. Indandatho emnyama entanyeni ivela kowesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, kanti abesifazane bavame ukuba nendawo emhlophe ekhanda. Inyoni Yezwi - Iqukethe uchungechunge lwama-beeps amakhulu, acinene, afana nehansi. Amasiginali womsindo akhishwa phansi nasemoyeni, futhi ayahlukahluka kuye ngezimo akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwazo.
Uhlala kuphi umlilo?
Isithombe: Ogar bird
Abantu balolu hlobo bancane kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika nase-Ethiopia. Indawo ehlala kuyo enkulu isuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu idabule i-Asia Ephakathi iye eLake Baikal, eMongolia nasentshonalanga yeChina. Abantu baseMpumalanga ikakhulukazi bayathutha futhi basebusika ezwekazini laseNdiya.
Lezi zinhlobo zakha ikoloni iFuerteventura eCanary Islands, zazala okokuqala lapho ngo-1994 futhi zafinyelela cishe ngababili abangamashumi amabili ngonyaka ka-2008. EMoscow, abantu be-ogari abakhishwa ngo-1958 badala inani labantu abangu-1,100. Ngokungafani nabanye abamele lolu hlobo eRussia, la madada abomvu awahambeli ngaseningizimu, kepha abuyela ebusika endaweni yezilwane, lapho kudalelwe zonke izimo kubo.
Izindawo eziyinhloko zihlala:
- IGrisi;
- IBulgaria;
- IRomania;
- IRussia;
- I-Iraq;
- Iran;
- Afghanistan;
- Igalikuni;
- Kazakhstan;
- China;
- IMongolia;
- ITyve.
U-Ogar uyisivakashi esivamile sasebusika eNdiya, ofika ngo-Okthoba bese ehamba ngo-Ephreli. Indawo ejwayelekile yale dada yizixhaphozi ezinkulu nemifula enezindwangu zamabhange namabhange amatshe amatshe. U-Ogar utholakala ngobuningi emachibini nasemachibini. Kuzala amachibi asezintabeni eziphakeme kanye namaxhaphozi eJammu naseKashmir.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, idada lithanda imifudlana ephansi, imifula ehamba kancane, amachibi, amadlelo, amaxhaphozi namachibi anobumunyu. Akuvamile ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi. Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi, zingaphila ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, emachibini endaweni ephakeme ka-5000 m.
Yize i-cinder isiba yinto engavamile eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu naseningizimu yeSpain, le nyoni isasakazeke kulo lonke uhla lwayo lwase-Asia. Kungenzeka ukuthi laba bantu baveze abantu abaphambukayo abandiza entshonalanga baya e-Iceland, Great Britain nase-Ireland. Umlilo wasendle uzalwe ngempumelelo emazweni amaningana aseYurophu. ESwitzerland, kubhekwa njengenhlobo ehlaselayo esongela ukuminyana kwezinyoni zomdabu. Ngaphandle kwezenzo ezithathiwe ukunciphisa isibalo, inani labantu baseSwitzerland lenyuke lisuka ku-211 laya ku-1250.
Manje uyazi lapho umlilo uhlala khona, ake sibheke ukuthi idada lidlani endaweni yalo yemvelo.
Udla ini umlilo?
Isithombe: Ogar eMoscow
U-Ogar uzondla kakhulu ngokudla kwezitshalo, kwesinye isikhathi ezilwaneni, akhethe kuqala. Izilinganiso zokuthatha ukudla okuthile zincike endaweni yokuhlala nesikhathi sonyaka. Ukudla kwenziwa emhlabeni nasemanzini, okungcono emhlabathini, okuhlukanisa kakhulu idada elibomvu emgodleni ohlobene kakhulu.
Ukudla okuthandayo okuyimvelaphi yesitshalo kufaka:
- amakhambi;
- amaqabunga;
- imbewu;
- iziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini;
- ukolweni;
- amahlumela yemifino.
Entwasahlobo, umlilo uzama ukukhotha otshanini naphakathi kwezindunduma, ufuna amahlumela aluhlaza nembewu yotshani efana ne-hodgepodge noma okusanhlamvu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho kuvela inzalo, izinyoni zingabonakala ezikhothweni zikasawoti, zizingele izinambuzane (ikakhulukazi izinkumbi). Emachibini, idla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezinjengezibungu, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane zasemanzini, kanye namaxoxo + onoshobishobi nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, i-cinder iqala ukundiza iye emasimini ahlwanyelwe izilimo zasebusika noma esivele isivuniwe, ifuna imbewu yezitshalo zokusanhlamvu - amabele, ukolweni, njll. Ngenjabulo badla okusanhlamvu okusakazeke emigwaqweni. Bangakwazi ukuvakashela izindawo zokulahla imfucuza. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho la madada, afana namagwababa nezinye izinyoni, aze ondliwe nangezidumbu. Amadada asesha ukudla ngokuzikhandla kusihlwa nasebusuku, futhi aphumule emini.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-ogar yedada lesifazane
I-Ogar ivela ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane futhi kuyaqabukela yakha imihlambi emikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqongelela ngesikhathi sobusika noma i-molting emachibini akhethiwe noma imifula ehamba kancane kungaba kukhulu kakhulu. Amadada abomvu awathokozi phansi ngenxa yesimo esikhethekile semilenze yawo emzimbeni. Izidladla zabo zihoxisiwe ngokuqinile, okwenza ukuhamba kube nzima. Kodwa-ke, le morphology ibenza basheshe ngokukhethekile futhi bahambe emanzini.
Bangangena noma bangene emanzini ngaphandle kwamandla. Lawa madada, aqhutshwa ukunyakaza okukodwa kwemilenze yawo, acwila cishe ebangeni elingaphansi kwemitha aze afike endaweni engaphansi lapho edla khona. Ngesikhathi sokutshuza, imilenze igwedla ngasikhathi sinye, namaphiko ahlala evaliwe. Ukuthola umoya, la madada kufanele ashaye ngokushesha amaphiko awo futhi agijime ebusweni bamanzi. U-Ogar undiza ezindaweni eziphansi ngokwengeziwe ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: U-Ogar akayivikeli ngenkuthalo indawo yakhe futhi akazinqandi ebangeni elithile lasekhaya nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yonyaka. Azivamile ukuhlangana nezinye izinyoni, futhi izingane zivame ukuba nolaka kwezinye izinhlobo.
Isikhathi esiphakeme samadada abomvu endle yiminyaka eyi-13. Kodwa-ke, ngokweGlobal Invasive Species Database, la madada, abhajwe futhi alandelwa endle, kuyaqabukela ephila eminyakeni emi-2 edlule. Izinyoni ezigcinwe ekuthunjweni zinokuphila okulingene kweminyaka eyi-2.4.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ogar Duckling
Izinyoni zifika ezindaweni zazo ezinkulu zokuzalela e-Asia Ephakathi ngoMashi nango-Ephreli. Kukhona ukubophezela okuqinile kokubhanqa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane, futhi kukholakala ukuthi bahlangana impilo yonke. Ezindaweni zazo zokuzalela, izinyoni zinolaka kakhulu ngezinhlobo zazo kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Abesifazane, bebona lo ongenele, beza kuye bekhothamise ikhanda nentamo enwetshiwe, bekhipha imisindo ethukuthele. Uma lo ongenayo emile, ubuyela kowesilisa agijime amzungeze, egqugquzela ukuhlasela.
Ukukhwelana kwenzeka emanzini ngemuva kwesiko elifushane lokukhwelana elibandakanya ukunweba intamo, ukuthinta ikhanda nokuphakamisa umsila. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zivame ukuba kude namanzi asemgodini, esihlahleni, esakhiweni esonakele, emgodini wedwala, phakathi kwezindunduma zesihlabathi, noma emgodini wezilwane. Isidleke sakhiwa ngowesifazane usebenzisa izimpaphe nangaphansi kanye namanye amakhambi.
Ukuhlangana kwamaqanda ayisishiyagalombili (ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili) abekwa phakathi kuka-Ephreli ngasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Banombala obuthuntu nombala omhlophe o-creamy, isilinganiso esingu-68 x 47 mm. Ukufukamela kwenziwa ngowesifazane kanti owesilisa useduze. Amaqanda achamisela cishe ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili, futhi bobabili abazali banakekela amaphuphu, azondiza ngezinye izinsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, bathuthela emanzini amaningi, lapho kulula khona ukuthi bagweme izilwane ezizingelayo ngenkathi zingandizi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abesifazane be-Ogare batshala imali kakhulu emantshontshaneni. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuchanyuselwa kuya emavikini angu-2-4 ubudala, insikazi ilinakekela kakhulu leli bhungu. Uhlala eduzane ngesikhathi sokudla futhi ubuye abonise isimilo esinolaka lapho amadada eminye iminyaka esondela. Izinsikazi nazo zifinyeza isikhathi sokuntywila, ngenkathi amaphuphu amancane eshona naye ukubuka nokuvikela amaphuphu.
Umndeni ungahlala ndawonye njengeqembu isikhashana; ukuthuthela ekwindla kuqala cishe ngoSepthemba. Izinyoni zaseNyakatho Afrika zizala cishe emasontweni amahlanu ngaphambili.
Izitha zemvelo ogar
Isithombe: Ogar duck
Ikhono lomlilo lokuntywila ngaphansi kwamanzi libavumela ukuthi bagweme izilwane eziningi ezizingelayo. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, zakha izidleke zisebenzisa uhlaza oluzungezile, olunikeza indawo yokuhlala nokufihla ukuvikela ezilwaneni ezizingela amaqanda namadada. Abesifazane bavame ukuzama ukuphazamisa izilwane ezidla izidleke ngokuziyisa eceleni. Amaqanda abo ngobukhulu obukhulu kunazo zonke izinyoni zasemanzini.
Amaqanda namatshwele azingelwa izidalwa ezinjengezi:
- ama-raccoon (iProcyon);
- imink (Mustela lutreola);
- izimpungushe ezimpunga (Árdea cinérea);
- I-Common Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax);
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle (uLarus).
U-Ogar uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi emanzini. Zindiza ngokushesha, kepha zinokungaphumeleli ukuhamba kahle emoyeni, ngakho-ke, njengomthetho, ziyabhukuda futhi zitshe kunokuba zindiza ukuze zibalekele izilwane ezidla ezinye. Banolaka kakhulu komunye nomunye nakwezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Izidlakela zabantu abadala ezaziwayo zifaka:
- ama-raccoon (iProcyon);
- imink (Mustela lutreola);
- oklebe (Accipitrinae);
- izikhova (Strigiformes);
- izimpungushe (Vulpes Vulpes).
Abantu (iHomo Sapiens) nabo bazingela ngokusemthethweni amadada abomvu cishe kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo. Yize bezizingelwa iminyaka eminingi, futhi isibalo sazo mhlawumbe sehle ngalesi sikhathi, abadumile kakhulu kubazingeli namuhla. I-Ogar incike kakhulu ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, kepha ukudla emadlelweni, ukushiswa nokudonswa kwamaxhaphozi kuholele ezimeni zokuphila ezingezinhle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ogar bird
AmaBuddha abheka idada elibomvu njengelingcwele, futhi lokhu kulinika ukuvikeleka enkabeni nasempumalanga ye-Asia, lapho abantu babhekwa njengezinzile futhi bayanda. IPembo Nature Reserve eTibet yindawo ebalulekile yasebusika yama-ogar, lapho ethola khona ukudla nokuvikelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eYurophu, abantu bavame ukwehla njengoba amaxhaphozi esoma futhi kuzingelwa izinyoni. Kodwa-ke, zisengozini encane kunezinye izinyoni zamanzi ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezintsha ezinjengeziqula, njll.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ERussia, engxenyeni yayo yaseYurophu, inani eliphelele le-cinder lilinganiselwa kuma-9-16 ayizinkulungwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane, ezifundeni eziseningizimu - eziyizinkulungwane ezi-5.5-7. Ngesikhathi sobusika ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, kwaqoshwa imihlambi yabantu abangafika kwabangu-14.
I-ogary inezindawo eziningi zokuhlala, futhi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, inombolo isukela ku-170,000 kuya ku-225,000. Isimo esijwayelekile sabantu asicaci njengoba inani labantu landa kwezinye izindawo futhi lehla kwezinye. Le nyoni ayihlangabezani nemibandela edingeka ukuthi ibhekwe njengengcuphe futhi i-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ibheka isimo sayo sokongiwa kwemvelo njenge- “Least Concern”. Ingenye yezinhlobo lapho kusebenza khona iSivumelwano Sokulondolozwa Kwezinyoni Zamanzi Ezifudukayo zase-Afrika-e-Eurasian (AEWA).
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 35
