I-Daurian hedgehog Isilwane esincelisayo esinambuzane esinosayizi omncane. Kubo bonke abameleli bomndeni we-hedgehog, lolu hlobo luye lwafundwa okuncane kakhulu, ngoba luhola impilo eyimfihlo, eyimfihlo. Kuwo wonke ama-hedgehogs akhona yizilwane ezinameva nezindala kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iminyango yezilwane ayiqondiswanga phezulu, njengakuwo wonke amanye ama-hedgehogs, kepha emuva.
Ama-hedgehogs amaDauri athola igama lawo ngenxa yendawo yokuhlala - iWestern Amur neTransbaikalia. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lezi zindawo zazibizwa ngeDaurian. Ngeshwa, namuhla basengozini yokunyamalala ngokuphelele. Lezi yizinhlobo ezincane ezifundwe kakhulu zama-hedgehogs kuzo zonke ezikhona namuhla.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Daursky hedgehog
I-Daurian hedgehog ingummeleli wezilwane ezincelisayo ze-chordate, ingeka-oda wezinambuzane, umndeni we-hedgehog, ama-steppe hedgehogs, ama-hedgehogs ekilasi le-Daurian, abelwe uhlobo. Izazi ze-Zoologists zinquma iminyaka yobudala bezilwane - iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-15. I-hedgehog ye-Daurian yavusa intshisekelo enkulu phakathi kososayensi nabaphenyi maphakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, lapho omunye wabamele lolu hlobo lwengozi wacishe wabhujiswa ngesikhathi kusakazeka ama-insecticide ukubulala amagundane.
Ividiyo: I-Daurian hedgehog
Ezikhathini zasendulo, phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-hedgehogs ayesibili kuphela kuma-armadillos. Izazi zezilwane zibiza okhokho basendulo bamaDaurian hedgehog paleorictids. Zazijwayelekile eMelika naseYurophu yanamuhla. Babhekwe njengabamele abembayo nabazidlayo bezilwane zomhlaba waleso sikhathi. Lokhu kufakazelwa ngamathiphu aphezulu namazinyo akhombe amazinyo. Ngokulandelayo, kwakungu-paleorictids ababezoba okhokho bomndeni we-hedgehog. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi sePaleocene Ephakathi neLate.
Izikebhe zokuqala zazingama-arboreal, kepha ngesikhathi se-Eocene Ephakathi base bevele behola indlela ejwayelekile yokuphila yama-hedgehogs nezimvukuzane zanamuhla futhi babukeka njengezilwane ezincelisayo zanamuhla. Ezihlahleni baxoshwa izidalwa ezithuthuke kakhulu nezinobuhlakani - izinkawu. AmaHedgehogs akwazi ukugcina izici eziningi zakudala, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, enkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, athola izici eziningi ezifana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezincelisayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Daurian hedgehog ngokwemvelo
Ubude bomzimba we-hedgehog kaDauri cishe bangamasentimitha ayi-19-25. Abantu abakhulu ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezingavamile bangafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa umuntu omdala singama-500-1100 amagremu. Isisindo somzimba esikhulu kunazo zonke siyabonakala esikhathini ngaphambi kobusika, lapho izilwane zizama ukudla ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kwenkathi elambile. Ngenxa yokushoda kwezinsizakusebenza zokudla ebusika, balahlekelwa isisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-30-40%. Izilwane zinomsila omncane, ubude bawo abudluli ngamasentimitha ama-2-3.
Umzimba wonke we-hedgehog kaDauri umbozwe izinaliti eziqinile futhi eziqinile, okungafani nabanye abamele umndeni we-hedgehog, eziqondiswe ngqo hhayi emuva kepha emuva. Izinaliti emzimbeni wesilwane zihlelwe ngemigqa emide. Indawo yekhanda nayo imbozwe nge-carapace evikelayo yezinaliti eqhubekayo. Izinaliti cishe zingamasentimitha angu-2-2.5.
Ngaphezu kwezinaliti, umzimba wesilwane esincane umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, obukhulu. Umbala wejazi ungahluka. Endaweni yekhanda, ivame ukukhanya, utshani obuphuzi, noma nsundu kancane. Umzimba umbozwe ngoboya obukhanyayo ngokukhanyayo noma mpunga. Isisu simbozwe ngezinwele ezimahhadla, ezijiyile ezimnyama ukudlula ngemuva. Izinaliti zivame kakhulu ukuba mhlophe, zinesihlabathi noma zibe mpunga ngombala. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhla lwemibala lulonke luthatha umbala onsundu ngokumpunga.
Inhloko ye-hedgehog ye-Daurian inesimo esiyindilinga nekhala elihlangene. Engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, ezinhlangothini, kunezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga, nezibheke phambili. Amehlo amaHedgehogs afana nobuhlalu obubili. Mancane, amnyama, ayindilinga. Imilenze yezilwane inamandla kakhulu futhi ikhule kahle. Izinyawo zifushane kodwa ziwugqinsi. Iminwe inezinzipho ezinde, ezijiyile.
Ihlala kuphi i-hedgehog yaseDauri?
Isithombe: I-Daursky hedgehog eRussia
Izindawo ze-hedgehog:
- IMongolia;
- ISouth-Eastern Transbaikalia endaweni yeRussian Federation;
- China;
- USelenginskaya Duaria;
- insimu yezindawo zeBorshchevochny neNerchinsky;
- indawo eseduze nemifula i-Ingoda, iChita ne-Shilka;
- Chita esifundeni seRussia Federation;
- Isifunda sase-Amur seRussia Federation;
- IManchuria.
Isilwane esihlala kakhulu endaweni yeDaursky reserve, abantu babo baningi ehlathini likaphayini iChasucheysky. Isilwane sithanda ama-steppes, izindawo eziwugwadule, izindawo ezinezintaba noma ezinamadwala njengendawo yokuhlala. Imvamisa ungathola lezi zilwane ezincane ezihosheni ezinamahlathi amaningi aminyene e-cotoneaster nama-alimondi, kanye nasemithambekeni yamagquma. Bazama ukugwema izifunda ezinotshani obukhulu futhi obude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Hedgehogs awabesabi nakancane abantu, futhi bahlala kaningi ezindaweni eziseduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, noma umhlaba wezolimo.
Izindawo eziningi ezomile zikhethwa njengendawo yokuhlala. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zokuhlala, kuyathandwa izindawo ezinesihlabathi. Bazizwa bekhululekile nasendaweni yamahlathi ahlabayo futhi axubekile. Emathafeni, itholakala ezindaweni lapho izimila notshani kungaphakeme kakhulu. Imvamisa bacasha ngaphansi kwamatshe noma ngokudangala okuhlukahlukene emhlabathini. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yemvula, bavame ukufuna indawo yokukhosela futhi bacishe bahlale becasha kuyo.
Yini edliwa yi-Daurian hedgehog?
Isithombe: I-Daursky hedgehog evela eRed Book
Ama-hedgehogs amaDauri yizilwane ezinambuzane. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, isilwane esingazimba emhlabathini ngosizo lwezidladla ezinamandla nezinzipho eziqinile. Kodwa-ke, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ukudla kwesilwane kuhluke kakhulu futhi kunothile.
Ukutholwa kokudla kwe-hedgehog kaDaurian:
- amabhungane;
- izintuthwane;
- ibhungane lomhlabathi;
- amaqanda ezigwaca;
- amakhilikithi.
Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, izilwane ezihlala eduze nomhlaba wezolimo kanye nokuhlala kwabantu zidla izinsalela nokusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu. Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, zingabamba futhi zidle i-hamster, ixoxo, igundane, inyoka, amatshwele aqanduselwa eqandeni, uma izidleke zale nyoni zikhona endaweni efinyelela kuyo.
Bangadla nohlaza. Kulolu hlobo lokudla, kukhethwa ama-alimondi, ama-rose hips, i-cotoneaster. Kodwa-ke, ingadla cishe noma imaphi amajikijolo, nezinye izinhlobo ezinamanzi ezimila zehlathi. Ngesikhathi lapho ukutholakala kokudla kuyindlala ikakhulukazi, bangazondla ngezidumbu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Daursky hedgehog
Izilwane ziphila impilo efihliwe, eyedwa. Zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, baphuma ngokuhamba bayothola ukudla kwabo. Bavame ukuhlala endaweni ethile. Abesilisa abadala, abanamandla bangathatha indawo engafika kumahektha angama-400. Abesifazane bahlala endaweni enesizotha - amahektha angama-30-130.
Izindawo ezifihlekile nezingafinyeleleki zikhethwa njengendawo yokukhosela - izimbobo zebhetshi ezilahliwe, izingcindezi emhlabathini, izindawo ezingaphansi kwamatshe, iziqubu zezihlahla. IBurrows nayo ingasuselwa phansi. Endaweni yaseMongolia bahlala emigodini ye-tarbagan. Ukuhlala ezindlini zokukhosela kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane, abesilisa bakhetha ukulala phansi nje.
Izilwane azisebenzi esimweni sezulu esimanzi nemvula. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yemvula, bazama ukulinda ngalesi sikhathi emigodini. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezulu esiguqubele, lapho ingekho imvula nobumswakama, bazizwa behle, futhi bangasebenza kakhulu nangesikhathi semini. Uma isilwane esinameva sizwa ingozi, masinyane sigobe sibe yibhola, bese sifana nebhola elinameva.
Ukuze zikhuthazelele kangcono isimo sezulu esibuhlungu sasebusika kwezinye izindawo, kanye nokushoda komthombo wokudla, izilwane ziyalala. Kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ama-hedgehogs amaDauri ahlukaniswa nokuba wedwa okuyimfihlo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngokuya ngesifunda nesimo sezulu esikuso, amanye ama-hedgehogs angalala cishe izinsuku ezingama-240-250 ngonyaka!
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Daursky hedgehog
Izilwane zikhetha ukuphila impilo eyodwa. Akha ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Iqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuphela kokulala ubusika bonke. Ukuzalwa kwenzalo kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka futhi kuba ngenyanga kaMeyi-Juni. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubeletha, umama okhulelwe ufuna ngenkuthalo futhi alungiselele indawo yokuzalwa yenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuze enze lokhu, angathola umgodi webheji oshiyiwe, noma azimbele omusha. Ubude bendawo yokukhosela enjalo bungafinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Igumbi lokushutheka livame ukutholakala ngamasentimitha angama-30-50 ukujula ukusuka ekuphumeni.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-35-40. I-hedgehog yesifazane ingazala kusuka kuma-hedgehogs amancane ama-4 kuye kwayisithupha ngasikhathi sinye. Ama-Hedgehogs azalwa ecishe abe nqunu futhi engaboni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amehlo ama-hedgehogs kaDaurian avula izinsuku eziyi-15-16 ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi izinaliti ziqala ukukhula kungakapheli amahora ambalwa emva kokuzalwa!
Kodwa-ke, zikhula ngokushesha futhi ziqine, futhi emva kwenyanga sezikulungele impilo ezimele. Zondla ngobisi lukamama cishe inyanga eyodwa nohhafu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, bayahlukana nonina bese beqala ukuphila impilo ezimele, eyedwa. Abesifazane bangomama abanaka kakhulu futhi abanakekelayo. Abazishiyi izingane zabo cishe umzuzu, kuyilapho bengenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Uma i-hedgehog izwa ukuthi ingozi iseduze kangakanani, ihambisa izingane ngokushesha endaweni ephephile.
Bafinyelela ebusheni ngezinyanga eziyi-10 - 12. Isilinganiso sokulindelwa kokuphila ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-4-5, ekuthunjweni, enkulisa nasezinqolobaneni kungakhuphukela ku-8.
Izitha zemvelo zama-hedgehogs kaDaurian
Isithombe: Animal Daurian hedgehog
Ngaphandle kwezinaliti nomuzwa wangaphandle wokungafinyeleleki nokuphepha, ezimweni zemvelo ama-hedgehogs anezitha ezanele. Izilwane eziningi ezidla ama-hedgehogs ziye zajwayela ukuzifaka emzimbeni wamanzi. Uma sezingene emanzini, izilwane ziyajika bese izidlozi ziyazibamba.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zama-hedgehogs kaDaurian:
- izimpungushe;
- izimpisi;
- izinkozi zezintaba;
- AmaBuzzards aseMongolia;
- izimbila;
- ama-ferrets;
- abamele izinyoni ezidla ezinye - izikhova, izikhova zokhozi.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama azinamahloni ngokuba khona kwameva, izidladla zazo ezinamandla ezinamazipho aqinile zishintshwa ukuze zibambe futhi zibambe ngisho nezindunduma ezinameva. Ama-Hedgehogs avame ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Esimweni esinjalo, izinja ziyingozi enkulu kubo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinkulu zokulwa - izinkunzi, ama-rottweiler, abelusi, njll. Futhi, amaphakethe wezinja ezilahlekile avame ukuhlasela ama-hedgehogs.
Isitha esikhulu sesilwane esinameva ezimweni zemvelo yi-badger. Uyakwazi ukuthola nokubhubhisa ama-hedgehogs ngisho nasemigodini. Kulesi simo, kubeka ingozi hhayi kubantu abadala kuphela, kepha nakwabancane, ama-hedgehogs asanda kuzalwa. Basengozini ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi abanawo ameva avikelayo.
Umuntu angabizwa nangokuthi izitha zeDaurian hedgehog. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe nokuthuthuka kwezindawo ezikhudlwana, indawo yemvelo yalaba bameleli bomndeni we-hedgehog ingcolisiwe futhi iyabhujiswa. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, inani lezilwane lincishiswe kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Daursky hedgehog Russia
Kuze kube manje, i-hedgehog yaseDauri ibhalwe kuRed Book of the Russian Federation, ngoba inani labantu balo ezweni lincipha ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, endaweni enkulu yokusatshalaliswa kwayo eRussia - eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTransbaikalia, inani lalaba bameleli bomndeni we-hedgehog lingabantu abayi-550,000 - 600,000.
I-International Union for the Conservation of Wildlife isiphethe ngokuthi isibalo sezilwane zonke asikho engcupheni okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, bagcizelela ukuthi uma ngokuzayo indawo yokuhlala yezilwane iqhubeka nokucekelwa phansi ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu, inani lama-hedgehogs eDaurian lingehla kakhulu. Kungadala nokwehla okukhulu kwendawo yemvelo yalaba bameleli bomndeni we-hedgehog.
Ukwehla okukhulu kwenani le-hedgehog ye-Daurian kwaphawulwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaqala ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamagundane nama-tarbagan aseMongolia, ayengabathwali besifo esiyingozi - isifo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwezinye izifunda, inani lezilwane alizange leqe abantu abayi-1-1.5 kumahektha angama-80 endawo. Kodwa-ke, ukuminyana kwendawo yokuhlala eduze nomhlaba wezolimo kanye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu kuhlala kungashintshi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuma-70-80s, inani lezilwane ezidlayo kwezinye izifunda lapho kuhlala khona i-Daurian hedgehog lehle kakhulu. Lokhu kwaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwenani lalo mmeleli womndeni we-hedgehog.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-hedgehogs kaDaurian
Isithombe: I-Daursky hedgehog evela eRed Book
Namuhla, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, i-hedgehog yaseDauri ayidingi ukuthuthukisa nokwenza izindlela ezikhethekile zokugcina nokwandisa inani. Isilwane singaphansi kokuvikelwa nokuvikelwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina imvelo iDaursky. Ukongiwa kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kuzokwenziwa lula ngezindlela zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwendawo yazo yemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuncishiswa kokungcola kwemvelo emikhiqizweni yemfucumfucu evela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomsebenzi womuntu, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezilula zokutshala nokuvuna izitshalo ensimini yomhlaba wezolimo, kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezihlose ukunciphisa isibalo kanye nesilinganiso semililo yehlathi neyezintaba.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane noma ezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona isilwane esinameva. Ezifundeni lapho ama-hedgehogs aseDauri ahlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukuthi izinja ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi abamele izinhlobo ezinkulu, azikhululwa. Kufanele unake nenani lamaphakethe ezinja ezilahlekile, alahlekile. Le misebenzi izokwazi ukufaka isandla ngokwanele ekwandisweni kwenani le-hedgehog encane.
I-Daurian hedgehog ngesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezindala kunazo zonke ezikhona namuhla. Zingezesibili kuphela kumikhumbi yempi. Ngasikhathi sinye, azihlali ziyizinhlobo eziyimfihlakalo futhi ezingafundiswanga kahle zama-hedgehogs zabantu. Amaqiniso amaningi nezici zendlela yabo yokuphila kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 24.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 52
