ICaracal - ikati elihle elinomzimba ohlanjululwe, obushelelezi, omfushane, izinwele ezibomvu zegolide kanye nokumakwa kwasekuqaleni ebusweni. Lezi ngezinye zezinhlobo zekati zasendle ezinhle kakhulu eMhlabeni, ezibizwa nangokuthi i-desert lynx. I-caracal ayinabala noma imivimbo futhi inemilenze emide nomzimba ozacile kune-lynx yangempela.
Anzima kakhulu futhi ashesha kakhulu amakati amancane e-Afrika. Ukuzijwayeza okwakheka komzimba okunikeza icaracal ubuhle bayo obedlulele nokusubatha kungumphumela weminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-35 yokuziphendukela kwesibindi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Caracal
Indawo esihlahleni somndeni wamakati we-caracal iyadida ngandlela thile, kepha kunenkolelo yokuthi ihlobene ngqo ne-serval nekati legolide. Indzawo ye caracal yehlukile kulabadzala bayo. Izidumbu kanye nezidumbu zezinyamazane ziyafana ngosayizi, noma kunjalo, izigaxa zizingela ezindaweni ezinomswakama, kuyilapho izidumbu zivame ukunamathela ezindaweni ezomile.
Ividiyo: ICaracal
Ukujwayela kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezilwane ezindaweni ezahlukene nasezindaweni ezinobukhulu obuhlukile kukhombisa ukuthi inyama yezinyamazane ayibekwa engcupheni njengezilwane. Imiphumela yezifundo ze-phylogenetic ikhombisa ukuthi i-caracal nekati legolide lase-Afrika (C. aurata) baphambukile ekukhuleni kwabo phakathi kweminyaka engu-2.93 kanye no-1.19 weminyaka eyedlule. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, kanye neserval, zakha umugqa wofuzo weCaracal, nawo owahlakazeka phakathi kwezigidi eziyi-11.56 kanye no-6.66 million.Ukhokho walo mzila wafika e-Afrika eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-8.5-5.6 edlule.
"I-Felis caracal" igama lesayensi elisetshenziswe nguJohann Daniel von Schreber ngo-1776 ukuchaza isikhumba sengulule esivela eCape of Good Hope. Ngo-1843, isazi sezilwane saseBrithani uJohn Gray wasibeka kuhlobo lweCaracal. Ibekwe emndenini wakwaFelidae nasemndenini omncane wakwaFelinae. Ngekhulu le-19 kanye nelama-20, abantu abambalwa be-caracal bachazwa futhi bahlongozwa njengama-subspecies.
Kusukela ngo-2017, ama-subspecies amathathu aqashelwe ososayensi njengokusebenza:
- caracal eseningizimu (C. Caracal) - etholakala eNingizimu naseMpumalanga Afrika;
- caracal esenyakatho (C. nubicus) - etholakala eNyakatho naseNtshonalanga Afrika;
- I-caracal yase-Asia (C. Schmitzi) - itholakala e-Asia.
Igama "karakal" liqukethe amagama amabili amaTurkic: kara, okusho ukuthi mnyama, nesibhakela, okusho indlebe. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwaleli gama kwaqala ngo-1760. Elinye igama yiLynx yasePheresiya. Phakathi kwamaGrikhi namaRoma, igama elithi "lynx" kungenzeka ukuthi lalisetshenziswa ezingwengweni. Leli gama kwesinye isikhathi lisasetshenziswa ku-caracal, kepha i-lynx yesimanje iyinhlobo ehlukile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal caracal
ICaracal ikati elizacile elinokwakha okuqinile, ubuso obufushane, amazinyo amade e-canine, izindlebe ezixikiwe, nemilenze emide. Inengubo ensundu noma ebomvu, umbala wayo uyehluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye. Abesifazane balula kunabesilisa. Ngaphansi kwawo kumhlophe futhi, njengekati lase-Afrika legolide, lihlotshiswe ngamabala amaningi amancane. Uboya uqobo, buthambile, bufushane futhi buminyene, buba bukhali ehlobo.
Izinwele eziphansi (ungqimba olukhulu lwezinwele olumboza ijazi) luba banzi ebusika kunasehlobo. Ubude bezinwele ezivikelayo bungafinyelela ku-3 cm ebusika, kepha bunciphe bube ngu-2 cm ehlobo.Kunezimpawu ezimnyama ebusweni: kumaphakethe wamadevu, ngamehlo, ngenhla kwamehlo bese wehla kancane maphakathi nekhanda nekhala.
Isici esivelele sezidumbu sihlisiwe, izicucu ezimnyama ngaphezulu kwezindlebe ngendlela yezinhlamvu. Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nenhloso yabo. Izinduku zingasukela izimpukane zisuke ebusweni bekati noma zisize ukufihla otshanini obude ukuphula uhlaka lwekhanda. Kepha, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukuthi ikati lihambisa izingcwecwe zezindlebe zalo ukuxhumana nezinye izidumbu.
Imilenze mide ngokwanele. Izinyawo zangemuva zide ngokungalingani futhi zinemisipha. Umsila mfushane. Umbala wamehlo uyashintsha kusuka kwegolide noma ithusi kuye kwimpunga noma kuluhlaza. Ama-Melanistic specimens abikiwe kepha ayivelakancane ngokweqile.
AmaJuveniles anezicucu ezimfishane namehlo anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweC. Caracal subspecies kungenzeka zingafani nge-phenotype. Abesifazane bancane futhi banesisindo esifinyelela ku-13 kg, kanti abesilisa bangaba nesisindo esingama-20 kg. Umsila ufinyeziwe, kepha usakha ingxenye ebalulekile yobude bomzimba buphelele. Ubude bomsila buhluka kusuka ku-18 cm kuye ku-34 cm.Ubude bekhanda nomzimba kusukela ekhaleni kuye ezansi komsila kusuka kumasentimitha angama-62 kuye kwangama-91.Noma inyani endala kunazo zonke inkulu kunamakati amaningi asekhaya.
Ihlala kuphi le caracal?
Isithombe: Ikati leCaracal
Ukuhlala kwe-caracal kudlulela e-Afrika kuya eMiddle East kuze kufike eNdiya. Ilungiselelwe ngokuphelele impilo enzima yansuku zonke ye-savannah, ihlathi elomile, ihlane eliwugwadule, indawo enamagquma eyomile nezintaba ezomile. E-Afrika, i-caracal isatshalaliswa kabanzi e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, kepha ithathwa njengengandile eNyakatho Afrika. E-Asia, ububanzi bayo busuka eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia, ngaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, eTurkmenistan, e-Uzbekistan kuya entshonalanga yeNdiya.
ENyakatho Afrika, inani labantu liyanyamalala, kodwa kwezinye izifunda zase-Afrika, kusenezidumbu eziningi. Imingcele yabo yokuhlala yihlane laseSahara kanye nebhande lehlathi le-equatorial eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa. ENingizimu Afrika naseNamibia, uC caracal uningi kakhulu kangangokuba uqothulwa njengesilwane esingajabulisi. Abantu base-Asia bancane kakhulu kunabase-Afrika.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izinyamazana zake zaqeqeshwa ukuzingela izinyoni e-Iran naseNdiya. Babekwa enkundleni yezemidlalo eyayinomhlambi wamajuba, futhi kubhejwa ukuthi zingaki izinyoni ezizoshaywa ikati eqaweni elilodwa.
Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emahlathini, ema-savanna, ezindaweni eziphansi ezinamaxhaphozi, ezingwadule ezingamahlathi kanye nasehlathini, kepha zithanda izifunda ezomile ezingenamvula encane nendawo yokuhlala. Ezindaweni ezihlala ezintabeni, kwenzeka ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-3000. Isimo sezulu esomile esinamakhava alinganiselwe sincamela isilwane. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-serval, izidumbu zingakwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezomile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abavamile ukuhlala ezingwadule noma ezindaweni ezishisayo. E-Asia, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala izidumbu emahlathini, okungajwayelekile kubantu base-Afrika.
EBenin “Penjari National Park, ukuhamba kwezidumbu kwaqoshwa izingibe zekhamera. E-Abu Dhabi, kutholakala isidumbu sesilisa sisebenzisa amakhamera e-Jebel Hafit National Park ngoFebhuwari 2019, okuyicala lokuqala kusukela ngo-1984. Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2017, abantu abangu-15 babonwa besaphila kanti okungenani abayi-11 babulawa abelusi.
Udlani umnyama?
Isithombe: I-Caracal desert lynx
Izidumbu zingadli kakhulu. Izakhi eziyinhloko zokudla ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlalaphi. Amakati ase-Afrika angadla izilwane ezinkulu ezinjengama-ungulates, kanti amakati ase-Asia adla kuphela ama-vertebrate amancane njengamagundane. Izinkomo azivamile ukuhlaselwa. Yize izingwengwe zaziwa ngokugxuma kwazo okumangazayo lapho zibamba izinyoni, ngaphezu kwengxenye yokudla kwazo kwakhiwa izilwane ezincelisayo kuyo yonke imikhakha.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yemenyu ye-caracal yile:
- amagundane;
- daman;
- hares;
- izinyoni;
- izinkawu ezincane;
- izinhlwathi.
Amajuba kanye nezinhlayiya kubaluleke kakhulu ezinkathini ezithile zonyaka ezinhlotsheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi bangazingela:
- ama-redunks asezintabeni (ama-antelopes ase-Afrika);
- i-gazelle-dorkas;
- izinsephe zezintaba;
- gerenuk;
- izinhlangothi zodonga;
- I-African bustard.
Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zidliwa yizidumbu, yize lokhu kungeyona ingxenye ejwayelekile yokudla. Ahlukile kumakati ngobukhulu bawo futhi angabulala inyamazane kabili noma kathathu isisindo somzimba wawo. Izisulu ezincane zibulawa ukulunywa yi-occiput, kuyilapho inyamazane enkulu ibhujiswa ukulunywa umphimbo okuminyanisayo. Ngokuvamile inyamazane ibanjwa lapho imnyama igxuma isebenzisa imilenze yayo yangemuva engalingani futhi evuleke ngokungalingani.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: ICaracal iyakwazi ukugxumela emoyeni bese idubula izinyoni eziyi-10-12 ngasikhathi sinye!
Ngaphambi kokudla inyamazane yayo, imvama ngokuvamile “idlala” imizuzu engu-5-25, uyihambise ngezidladla zayo. I-caracal ingaphonsa ngisho nesisulu esincane emoyeni, bese iyibamba indiza. Izizathu zalokhu kuziphatha azicaci. Njengengwe, i-caracal ingakhuphuka ezihlahleni futhi kwesinye isikhathi igcina isisulu esikhulu emagatsheni ukuze ibuyele emuva. Lokhu kuvimbela inyamazane ukuthi ingadliwa izimpisi namabhubesi, okuvumela i-caracal ukuthi ikusebenzise ngempumelelo ukuzingela kwayo. Uzipho lwayo olukhulu oluhoqekayo nemilenze yalo enamandla luyinika leli khono lokukhuphuka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Lynx caracal
ICaracal ihamba ebusuku, noma ngabe eminye imisebenzi ingabonwa emini. Kodwa-ke, leli kati liyimfihlo kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuliqaphela, ngakho-ke umsebenzi walo emini ungabonakala kalula. Ucwaningo olwenziwe eNingizimu Afrika luthole ukuthi izingwengwe ziyasebenza kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Umsebenzi uvame ukuncipha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. ICaracal itholakala yodwa. Amaqembu aqoshiwe kuphela omama abanenzalo yabo.
I-caracal yisilwane esihle ngokungajwayelekile esakhiwe ngokuzikhethela kwemvelo. Ihambisana kahle nezindawo nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, liyakwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi, futhi ikhono lalo lokugxuma okumangalisayo liyinika isimo esicishe sibe namandla angaphezu komuntu.
Lesi yisilwane sendawo, zibeka isikhala okuhlala kuso umchamo futhi, mhlawumbe, indle, engamboziwe ngomhlabathi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inyoni eyodwa ingazixosha izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokuphindwe kabili kunalokho uqobo lwayo. Isikhathi sokuzingela sivame ukunqunywa ngomsebenzi wesilwane, kepha uCaracal uvame ukubhekwa ukuzingela ebusuku. Kwa-Israyeli, abesilisa balinganiselwa ku-220 km² nabesifazane ngama-57 km². Izindawo zamadoda zisukela ku-270-1116 km² eSaudi Arabia. E-Mountain Zebra National Park (South Africa), izindawo zabesifazane zisuka ku-4.0 kuye ku-6.5 km².
Lezi zindawo zidlulela ngokuqinile. Izicucu ezibonakalayo nokudweba kobuso kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuxhumana okubukwayo. Ukusebenzisana kwezinyama zenyama kubonwa ngokuhambisa ikhanda kusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Njengamanye amakati, ama-caracal meows, growls, herses and purrs.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinyane lamakati likaCaracal
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, abesifazane bahambisa umchamo, iphunga lawo elihehayo futhi lazise owesilisa ngokulungela kwakhe ukukhwelana. Ikholi ehlukanisayo ezwakalayo yokukhwelana nayo iyindlela yokuheha. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokukhwelana ezibhekelwe izinyama zezinyamazane. Lapho owesifazane eshelwa ngabesilisa abaningi, iqembu lingase lilwe ukuze lihlangane naye, noma angakhetha abalingani bawo esikhundleni samadoda amadala futhi amakhulu.
Ukukhwelana kwenzeka nabalingani abaningi phakathi nesonto. Lapho owesifazane ezikhethela umlingani. Umbhangqwana ungaba ndawonye kuze kube yizinsuku ezine, lapho ukuhlangana kwenzeka kaningana. Abesifazane cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi balingisa nabesilisa abangaphezu koyedwa. Yize bobabili abesilisa nabesilisa bevuthwa ngokocansi phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-7 kuya kwezingu-10 ubudala, ukuqhudelana ngempumelelo kuzokwenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-14 nezili-15.
Insikazi ingangena e-estrus nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nonyaka. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokulawulwa kokudla kwabesifazane. Lapho kuvela inala yokudla (ehlukahluka kuye ngobubanzi), owesifazane uzongena e-estrus. Lokhu kuchaza izinsuku eziphakeme zokuzalwa phakathi kuka-Okthoba noFebhuwari kwezinye izindawo. Owesifazane akakwazi ukuba nodoti ongaphezu koyedwa ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokumitha siyizinsuku ezingama-69 kuya kwezingama-81 kanti insikazi izala amazinyane angu-1 kuye kwayisithupha. Endle, akuzelwe amakati angaphezu kwamathathu.
Abesifazane babeka isikhathi esiningi namandla ezinganeni zabo. Umgodi wesihlahla, umgodi olahliwe, noma umhume uvame ukukhethwa ukuze ubelethe kanye namasonto amane okuqala okukhula ngemuva kokubeletha. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingane ziqala ukudlala nokudla inyama. Ukunakekelwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho amazinyane esenamasonto angama-15 ubudala, kepha azothola ukuzimela kwangempela ezinyangeni ezi-5-6.
Izitha zemvelo zezidumbu
Isithombe: ICaracal Red Book
Ukufihla kwangaphandle kuyisivikelo esiyinhloko ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Izinyamazane zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile zokuhlala, ngakho-ke lapho zisongelwa, zilala phansi phansi, futhi uboya bazo obunsundu busebenza njengokufihla ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihamba zodwa ezindaweni ezinamadwala, okusiza nokugwema izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye:
- izingonyama;
- izimpisi;
- izingwe.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane ezibalwe akuvamile ukuthi zihlele ukuzingelwa kwezinyamakazi, isitha saso esikhulu ngumuntu. Abantu bababulala ngokuhlasela imfuyo, yize lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zesilwane, kepha kuholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi (izilwane ezingama-2219 endaweni eyodwa). Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Afrika naseNamibia, lapho kwethulwe khona izinhlelo zokulawulwa kwezilwane. Noma kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, izidumbu ezigcwele umhlaba zigcwele umhlaba ngokushesha.
Uhlaselwa nangesikhumba sakhe nenyama yakhe, ezinye izizwe ezithatha njengokunethezeka. Yize ukulahleka kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi kungabalulekile, ngoba izikhumba ze-caracal azifuneki phakathi kwabantu. I-Caracal ingahlala endle kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12, kanti ezinye izidumbu ezindala zihlala ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-17.
Yize izidumbu zombili ziyizilwane ezidla inyama futhi ziyizisulu, amabhubesi nezimpisi abazizingeli njalo. Izidumbu zinethonya elikhulu emvelweni njengokulawula inani lezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Basebenzisa noma yini etholakalayo futhi bathinte inani elincane lamandla okubamba nokubulala. Kwezinye izifunda, izidumbu zezinwele zingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezibulala izinhlobo ezithile zezisulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ikati leCaracal
Inani langempela le-caracal endle alaziwa, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele kwenani labantu babo akunakwenzeka. Zibhekwa njengezingajwayelekile noma ezisengozini e-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Eningizimu naseningizimu ye-Afrika, athathwa njengasakazekile futhi azingelwa noma ngabe ukuphi. Izidumbu ezinobuthi, ezibulala izidlo eziningi ezidliwayo, ziyadedelwa ngabafuyi ukubulala izilwane ezidlayo.
Phakathi kuka-1931 no-1952, kwabulawa izidumbu ezibalelwa ku-2 219 ngonyaka eNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokulwa nabazingeli. Abalimi baseNamibia bephendula uhlu lwemibuzo lukahulumeni babika ukuthi zingu-2 800 izidumbu ezibulewe ngo-1981.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Usongo olwengeziwe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwendawo. Njengoba abantu beqhubeka behamba ngensimu, izilwane ziyaxoshwa futhi ushushiso luyaqina.
Abantu bendawo babulala i-caracal ukuvikela imfuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usongelwa ngokudoba ukuhweba ngezilwane ePeninsula yase-Arabia. ETurkey nase-Iran, izidumbu ezivame ukubulawa ezingozini zomgwaqo. E-Uzbekistan, usongo olukhulu kulezi zingcweti ukubulawa kwabelusi beziphindiselela ngokulahleka kwemfuyo.
Ukuvikelwa kweCaracal
Isithombe: ICaracal evela eBhuku eliBomvu
Inani lezidumbu zase-Afrika libalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II, kanti abantu base-Asia babalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo I. Ukuzingela iCaracal akuvunyelwe e-Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, India, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia naseTurkey. Kubhekwa “njengesilwane esinenkinga” eNamibia naseNingizimu Afrika futhi kuvunyelwe ukuzingelwa ukuvikela imfuyo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: UKarakal ubhalwe ohlwini olusengozini e-Uzbekistan kusukela ngo-2009, naseKazakhstan kusukela ngo-2010.
Kukholakala ukuthi sekusondele ukuphela kwezwe eNyakatho Afrika, lisengozini ePakistan, lisengozini eJordani, kodwa lizinzile maphakathi naseningizimu ye-Afrika. Ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba ngezidumbu njengezilwane ezifuywayo kuvame kakhulu e-United States, Russia, Canada nase-Netherlands.Yize inani lamazinyane athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe libhekwa njengelincane, kunezinkomba zokuthi lo msebenzi ungakhuphuka.
I-caracal ibisohlwini lwe-IUCN lwezilwane ezingakhathazeki kakhulu kusukela ngo-2002 njengoba lusabalele emazweni angaphezu kwama-50 lapho lesi silwane singesongelwa khona. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokwanda kwezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo nokuhlaliswa kwabantu kuyisongo esikhulu kuwo wonke amazwe ahlukahlukene.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/29/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-21: 25
