Intshe Emu Iyinyoni engajwayelekile. Akakhonondi, kepha uyakhonona; ayihambi, kodwa ihamba futhi igijime ngejubane lama-50 km / h! Lezi zinyoni ziseqenjini lezinyoni ezingandli, okuthiwa abagijimi (ama-ratites). Kuyindlela endala yezinyoni, kufaka phakathi i-cassowaries, izintshe kanye ne-rhea. Ama-Emus yizinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakala e-Australia futhi eyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
Zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi bese zizama ukugwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-emus azi kakhulu ngemvelo yawo kunokuhlangana neso. Yize ama-emus ethanda ukuba semahlathini noma ezindaweni zokukhuhla lapho kunokudla okuningi nendawo yokukhosela, kubalulekile ukuthi bazi ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwabo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Intshe emu
I-emu yaqala ukutholwa ngabantu baseYurophu ngo-1696 lapho abahloli bamazwe behambela entshonalanga ye-Australia. Umkhankaso oholwa nguKaputeni Willem de Vlaming waseHolland ubufuna lo mkhumbi owawungekho. Lezi zinyoni zaqala ukubalulwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Cassowary of New Holland" ngu-Arthur Philip, owahamba waya eBotany Bay ngo-1789.
Wakhonjwa ngudokotela wezinyoni uJohn Latham ngo-1790, owalingisa indawo yase-Australia yaseSydney, izwe elalaziwa ngeNew Holland ngaleso sikhathi. Wanikeza izincazelo zokuqala namagama ezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zase-Australia. Encazelweni yakhe yasekuqaleni ye-emu ngo-1816, isazi sezinyoni saseFrance uLouis Pierre Viejo wasebenzisa amagama amabili ejwayelekile.
Ividiyo: Intshe emu
Isihloko salokhu okulandelayo bekungumbuzo wokuthi uzosebenzisa liphi igama. Owesibili wakhiwa ngokunemba kakhudlwana, kepha ku-taxonomy kwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi igama lokuqala elinikezwe umzimba lihlala lisebenza. Izincwadi eziningi zamanje, kufaka phakathi isikhundla sikahulumeni wase-Australia, zisebenzisa iDromaius, kuthi uDromiceius kushiwo njengesinye isipelingi.
I-etymology yegama elithi "emu" ayichazwa, kepha kukholakala ukuthi ivela egameni lesi-Arabhu elisho inyoni enkulu. Enye inkolelo ithi livela egameni elithi "ema", elisetshenziswa ngesiPutukezi ukusho inyoni enkulu, ehambelana nentshe noma udondolo. U-Emus unendawo ebalulekile emlandweni nasemasikweni abantu bomdabu. Bayabakhuthaza ngezinyathelo ezithile zomdanso, bayisihloko sezinganekwane zezinkanyezi (ama-emu constellations) nezinye izidalwa zomlando.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Intshe yentshe emu
U-Emu uyinyoni yesibili ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bangafika kumasentimitha angu-190. Ubude ukusuka emsileni kuya kuqhwaku kusuka ku-139 kuye ku-164 cm, kwabesilisa ngokwesilinganiso esingu-148.5 cm, nakwabesifazane kube ngu-156.8 cm. U-Emu uyinyoni ephilayo yesine noma yesihlanu ngobukhulu ngesisindo. Ama-emus amadala anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-18 no-60 kg. Abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa. I-emu inezinzwane ezintathu onyaweni ngalunye, ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukugijima futhi zitholakala kwezinye izinyoni ezifana ne-bustard kanye nezigwaca.
Ama-Emu anamaphiko we-vestigial, iphiko ngalinye linethiphu elincane ekugcineni. I-emu ishaya amaphiko ayo ngenkathi igijima, mhlawumbe njengosizo lokuqinisa lapho ihamba ngokushesha. Banemilenze emide nentamo, nejubane lokuhamba elingu-48 km / h. Isibalo samathambo nemisipha ehambisanayo yonyawo sincishisiwe emilenzeni, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni. Lapho ihamba, i-emu ithatha izinyathelo ezingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-100, kodwa lapho igijima ngokuphelele, ubude begxathuba bungafinyelela ku-275 cm.
Njenge-cassowary, i-emu inezinzipho ezicijile ezisebenza njengesici esiyinhloko sokuvikela futhi zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nokuhlasela isitha. Banokuzwa nokubona okuhle, okubavumela ukuthi babone izinsongo kusengaphambili. Intamo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibonakala ngokusebenzisa izimpaphe ezingavamile. Zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ezinsundu namathiphu amnyama. Imisebe yelanga imuncwa yizeluleko, kanti izimpaphe zangaphakathi zivikela isikhumba. Lokhu kuvimbela izinyoni ekushiseni ngokweqile, kuzivumele ukuthi zikwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokushisa kosuku.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Izimpaphe zishintsha umbala ngenxa yezimo zemvelo, okunika inyoni ukufihla kwemvelo. Izimpaphe ze-Emu ezisezindaweni ezomile ezinenhlabathi ebomvu zivame ukuba nombala omubi, kuyilapho izinyoni ezihlala ezimweni ezimanzi zivame ukuba nemibala emnyama.
Amehlo ka-Emu avikelwe ulwelwesi oluyintambo. Lawa angamajwabu amehlo wesibili agudlukayo ahamba ngokuvundlile esuka enqenqemeni elingaphakathi leso aye emaphethelweni angaphandle. Zisebenza njengama-visor, zivikela amehlo othulini oluvamile ezindaweni ezinomoya, ezomile. I-emu inesikhwama se-tracheal, esiba sivelele kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngobude obungaphezu kwama-30 cm, ivulekile impela futhi inodonga oluncane nembobo engu-8 cm.
Uhlalaphi u-emu?
Isithombe: Emu Australia
Ama-Emus ajwayelekile e-Australia. Lezi yizinyoni eziyimihambuma futhi ububanzi bazo bokusatshalaliswa buhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi. U-Emus wake watholakala eTasmania, kodwa babhujiswa ngabahlali bokuqala baseYurophu. Izinhlobo ezimbili zemifino ebezihlala eziqhingini zaseKangaroo naseKing Island nazo zanyamalala ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu.
I-Emu yake yajwayeleka kakhulu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia, kodwa manje akuvamile ukutholakala lapho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngemfuyo ngaphakathi kwezwekazi kukhuphule uhla lwama-emu ezifundeni ezomile. Izinyoni ezinkulu zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-Australia, maphakathi nezwe nogu. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezingamahlathi ze-savannah ne-sclerophyll futhi zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kanye nasezifundeni ezomile ezinemvula yonyaka engeqi kuma-600 mm.
U-Emus uncamela ukuhamba ngababili, futhi yize bekwazi ukwakha imihlambi emikhulu, lokhu kungukuziphatha okungajwayelekile okuvela esidingweni esijwayelekile sokuya emthonjeni omusha wokudla. Intshe yase-Australia ingahamba amabanga amade ukuze ifinyelele ezindaweni eziningi zokudla. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi, ukunyakaza kwama-emu kulandela iphethini ecacile yonyaka - enyakatho ehlobo, eningizimu ebusika. Ogwini olusempumalanga, ukuzulazula kwabo kubonakala kunesiphithiphithi futhi akulandeli iphethini emisiwe.
Idlani i-emu?
Isithombe: Intshe emu
I-Emu idliwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zomdabu nezethulwe. Ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kuncike ezikhathini ezithile, kepha futhi kudla izinambuzane namanye ama-arthropods. Lokhu kunikeza izidingo zabo zamaprotheni kakhulu. ENtshonalanga Australia, ukuthanda ukudla kubonakala kuma-emus ahambayo adla imbewu ye-aneura acacia kuze kuqale imvula, ngemuva kwalokho aqhubekele emahlumela amasha otshani.
Ebusika, izinyoni zidla ama-cassia pods, kuthi entwasahlobo zidle izintethe nezithelo zesihlahla se-Santalum acuminatum. Ama-Emus ayaziwa ukuthi adla ukolweni nanoma yisiphi isithelo noma ezinye izitshalo abakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Bakhuphuka ngocingo oluphakeme uma kunesidingo. I-Emus isebenza njengesithwali esibalulekile sembewu enkulu, esebenza kahle, enikela ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali.
Umphumela owodwa wokudluliswa kwembewu ongafuneki wenzeke eQueensland ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho i-emus idlulisela imbewu eyi-pear cactus ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kwaholela ochungechungeni lwemikhankaso yokuzingela i-emu nokuvimbela ukusabalala kwembewu ye-cactus. Ekugcineni, i-cacti yayilawulwa yinundu (Cactoblastis cactorum), izibungu zayo ezondla kulesi sitshalo. Lokhu kube ngesinye sezibonelo zokuqala zokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Amatshe amancane e-emu ayagwinywa ukusiza ukugaya nokumunca izinto zezitshalo. Amatshe ngamanye angaba nesisindo esingafika kuma-45 g, futhi izinyoni zingaba namatshe angaba ngu-745 g esiswini sazo ngesikhathi. Izintshe zase-Australia nazo zidla amalahle, yize isizathu salokhu singacacile.
Ukudla kwe-emu yile:
- i-acacia;
- casuarina;
- amakhambi ahlukahlukene;
- izintethe;
- amakhilikithi;
- amabhungane;
- amacimbi;
- amaphela;
- ama-ladybugs;
- izibungu zebhu;
- izintuthwane;
- izicabucabu;
- amasentimitha.
Ama-emus asekhaya afake izingcezu zengilazi, imabula, okhiye bemoto, ubucwebe, amantongomane namabhawodi. Izinyoni ziphuza njalo, kepha ziphuza uketshezi oluningi ngokushesha okukhulu. Baqala ngokuhlola ichibi nezindawo ezizungezile ngamaqembu, bese beguqa phansi emaphethelweni ukuphuza.
Izintshe zikhetha ukuba semhlabathini oqinile ngenkathi ziphuza, hhayi emadwaleni noma odakeni, kepha uma zizwa ingozi, zihlala zimile. Uma izinyoni zingaphazanyiswa, izintshe zingaphuza ngokuqhubekayo imizuzu eyishumi. Ngenxa yokushoda kwemithombo yamanzi, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele bahlale ngaphandle kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Endle, ama-emus ngokuvamile ahlanganyela imithombo yamanzi nama-kangaroo nezinye izilwane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Intaka yentshe emu
U-Emus uchitha usuku lwabo efuna ukudla, ehlanza izimpaphe zabo ngomlomo wabo, egeza othulini futhi ephumula. Zijwayele ukuba nobudlelwano, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lezi zinyoni ziyakwazi ukubhukuda uma kunesidingo, yize zikwenza lokho kuphela uma indawo yazo igcwele amanzi noma kudingeka iwele umfula. U-Emus ulala ngezikhathi ezithile, uvuka izikhathi eziningana ebusuku. Bazumeka, baqala ngokuhlala ngezidladla bese kancane kancane beya kobuthongo.
Uma kungenazinsongo, bawela ebuthongweni obukhulu ngemuva kwemizuzu engamashumi amabili. Ngalesi sigaba, umzimba uyehliswa uze uthinte phansi imilenze isongwe ngezansi. U-Emus uvuka ebuthongweni obunzima njalo emizuzwini engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ukuthola isidlo noma ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Lesi sikhathi sokuvuka sithatha imizuzu eyi-10-20, ngemuva kwalokho baphinde balale futhi. Ubuthongo buhlala cishe amahora ayisikhombisa.
U-Emu wenza imisindo eyahlukahlukene edlondlobelezayo nephefumulayo. Umsindo onamandla uzwakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ama-2, kanti isignali ephansi, enamakhasi amaningi ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokuzala ingadonsa abashade nabo. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, ama-emus aphefumula ukugcina ukushisa komzimba, amaphaphu abo asebenza njengabanda. Ama-Emus anesilinganiso semetabolism esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ku -5 ° C, isilinganiso semetabolism se-emu ehleli cishe ngama-60% esimo sokuma, ngokwengxenye ngoba ukungabi nezimpaphe ngaphansi kwesisu kuholela ezingeni eliphakeme lokulahleka kokushisa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Emu nestling
Ama-Emus akha ukuzalanisa ngazimbili kusukela ngoZibandlela kuya kuJanuwari futhi angaba ndawonye cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu. Inqubo yokumatanisa yenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni. Isikhathi esiqonde kakhulu sinqunywa yisimo sezulu, njengoba izinyoni zidla phakathi nengxenye ebanda kunazo zonke yonyaka. Abesilisa bakha isidleke esinolaka emgodini ovaliwe ngasemhlabathini besebenzisa amagxolo, utshani, izinduku namaqabunga. Isidleke sibekwa lapho i-emu ilawula khona indawo esikuyo futhi ingathola ngokushesha ukusondela kwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, abesifazane bahamba bezungeza owesilisa, badonse izintamo zabo emuva, badabule izimpaphe zabo futhi bakhiphe izingcingo eziphansi ze-monosyllabic ezifana nokushaywa kwezigubhu. Abesifazane banolaka kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi bavame ukulwela abalingani babo abakhethiwe.
Insikazi ibeka ibhande elilodwa lamaqanda aluhlaza amakhulu amahlanu kuya kwayishumi nanhlanu amakhulu anamagobolondo aminyene. Igobolondo liyi-1 mm ubukhulu. Amaqanda anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-450 no-650 g. Ubuso beqanda buyimbudumbudu buhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, iqanda liphenduka licishe libe mnyama. Eyeduna ingaqala ukufukamela amaqanda ngaphambi kokuba ibhande liqede. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi, akadli, akaphuzi noma azikhulula, kepha uvuka kuphela ukuguqula amaqanda.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela amasonto ayisishiyagalombili, izolahlekelwa isisindo sayo sesithathu futhi izophila emafutheni aqongelelwe namazolo asekuseni ewathatha esidlekeni. Ngokushesha nje lapho owesilisa ehlala emaqandeni, insikazi iyakwazi ukuhlangana namanye amaduna futhi yakhe i-clutch entsha. kusala abesifazane abambalwa kuphela futhi bavikele isidleke kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu eqala ukuchamusela.
Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-56 bese eyeduna iyeka ukuqandusela amaqanda ngaphambi nje kokuba achamisele. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ayasebenza futhi angashiya isidleke izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuchamisela. Ekuqaleni zingama-12 cm ubude futhi zinesisindo esingu-0.5 kg. Inemigqa ehlukile ensundu nokhilimu yokuzifihla ephela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Eyeduna ivikela amaphuphu akhulayo izinyanga ezingafinyelela kweziyisikhombisa, ibafundise ukuthola ukudla.
Izitha zemvelo zezintshe ze-emu
Isithombe: Inyoni Yentshe e-Australia
Zimbalwa izilwane ezidla imvelo endaweni ye-emus ngenxa yobukhulu bezinyoni kanye nejubane lokuhamba. Ekuqaleni komlando wayo, lolu hlobo kungenzeka ukuthi lwahlangana nezilwane eziningi ezisemhlabeni manje ezingasekho, kubandakanya i-lizard megalania enkulu, i-marsupial wolf thylacin, futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izinambuzane ezidlayo. Lokhu kuchaza ikhono elithuthukiswe kahle le-emu lokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla phansi.
Umzingeli oyinhloko namuhla yi-dingo, impisi efuywayo, okuwukuphela kwesidliwi e-Australia ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu. UDingo uhlose ukubulala i-emu ngokuzama ukushaya ikhanda lakhe. I-emu yona izama ukusunduza le dingo ngokuthi igxumele emoyeni bese iyikhahlela emlenzeni.
Ukugxuma kwale nyoni kuphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba kunzima kudingo ukuthi lincintisane nayo ukusongela intamo noma ikhanda. Ngakho-ke, ukugxuma ngesikhathi esifanele okuqondana nezindwangu zedingo kungavikela ikhanda nentamo yesilwane engozini. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaselwa kwe-dingo akunalo ithonya elinamandla enanini lezinyoni ezilwaneni zase-Australia.
Ukhozi olunomsila we-Wedge ukuphela kwesilwane esidla inyoni esihlasela i-emu yabantu abadala, yize kungenzeka ikhethe ezincane noma ezincane. Izinkozi zihlasela i-emu, zicwile ngokushesha futhi ngejubane eliphezulu futhi zikhombe ekhanda nasentanyeni. Kulokhu, inqubo yokugxuma esetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-dingo ayisebenzi. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zizama ukukhomba ama-emus ezindaweni ezivulekile lapho intshe ingeke icashe khona. Esimweni esinjalo, i-emu isebenzisa izindlela zokunyakaza ezinesiphithiphithi futhi ivame ukushintsha indlela ngomzamo wokuvika umhlaseli. Kunenqwaba yezidliwayo ezidla amaqanda emu futhi zidle amatshwele amancane.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- izibankwa ezinkulu;
- izimpungushe ezibomvu ezingenisiwe
- izinja zasendle;
- izingulube zasendle kwesinye isikhathi zidla amaqanda namachwane;
- izinkozi;
- izinyoka.
Izinsongo ezinkulu ukulahleka kwendawo nokuqhekeka, ukushayisana nezimoto nokuzingela ngamabomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthango luphazamisa ukuhamba nokufuduka kwe-emu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izintshe ze-Emu
Incwadi kaJohn Gould ethi The Birds of Australia, eyashicilelwa ngo-1865, yakuzonda ukulahleka kwe-emu eTasmania, lapho lenyoni yaqala ukuvela khona yabe isinyamalala. Usosayensi uphawule ukuthi ama-emus awasajwayelekile ezindaweni eziseduze naseSydney, waphakamisa nokuthi lezi zinhlobo zibe nesimo esivikelekile. Ngawo-1930, ukubulawa kwama-emu eNtshonalanga Australia kwafinyelela ku-57,000. Ukubhujiswa kwakuxhunyaniswe nomonakalo wezitshalo eQueensland ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngawo-1960, iNtshonalanga Australia yayisakhokha izipho zokubulala ama-emus, kodwa kusukela lapho i-emu yasendle yanikezwa ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni ngaphansi kwe-Biodiversity and Environment Conservation Act 1999. Yize isibalo sama-emus ezwekazini i-Australia, ngisho nangaphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili kokufuduka kwabantu baseYurophu, kukholakala ukuthi amanye amaqembu endawo asengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Izinsongo ezibhekene ne-emus zifaka:
- ukugawulwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ezinendawo efanelekile yokuhlala;
- ukucekela phansi imfuyo ngamabomu;
- ukushayisana nezimoto;
- ukudliwa kwamaqanda nezilwane ezisencane.
Intshe Emukulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2012 kunabantu abangu-640,000 kuya ku-725,000. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature iphawula ukuthambekela okuvelayo kokuqiniswa kwenani lemfuyo futhi ibheka isimo sayo sokongiwa njengokungenandaba kangako.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-23: 37
