IGyurza - enye yezinyoka eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezicashile, ubuthi bayo obulandela ubuthi nje bemfezi, obungebomndeni wezinyoka, bukhulu kakhulu, ngoba buhlobene nohlobo lwezinyoka ezinkulu. Ake sizame ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukubukeka kwakhe, imikhuba yakhe, isimilo sakhe ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukhohlakele futhi uyesabeka ngempela njengoba besho ngaye?
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Gyurza
IGyurza yinyoka eyingozi kakhulu, enobuthi, ummeleli omkhulu womndeni wezinyoka. IGyurza inamagama amaningi neziteketiso, ijwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi inyoka eyiLevant. Igama elithi "gyurza" uqobo lwalo livela olimini lwasePheresiya futhi ekuhumusheni kwalo kusho ukuthi "mace" noma "iklabhu yensimbi". Leli gama lisuselwe ngemuva kwenyoka, ngenxa yomzimba wayo onamandla wemisipha, ofana nekilabhu langempela.
Kusuka esiLatin igama lenyoka lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inyoka yomngcwabo". Abantu base-Uzbek bayibiza ngokuthi inyoka eluhlaza, kanti abantu baseTurkmen bayibiza ngokuthi ihhashi. Akunandaba ukuthi ibizwa kanjani futhi kuphi, kodwa into eyodwa icacile ngokuphelele - iyingozi kakhulu, inobuthi futhi inosayizi omangalisayo.
Ividiyo: Gyurza
Ensimini yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union, le yinyoka eyingozi kakhulu futhi enkulu kunazo zonke, zonke izihlobo zayo eziyizinyoka zinobuthi, kepha i-gyurza iyona enobuthi kunazo zonke kubo, yaziwa kanjalo hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela nakwamanye amazwe angaphambilini e-USSR, kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Manje ososayensi-i-herpetologists bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezi-6 zalesi silwane esihuquzelayo esiyingozi, kepha omunye wabo uhlala engabaza. Zonke izinhlobo azifani nje kuphela nendawo yazo yokuhlala, kodwa futhi ngosayizi, ezinye izici zangaphandle.
Echaza i-gyurza, kungaphawulwa ukuthi inkulu kakhulu ngosayizi, engafinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude (kanye nengxenye yomsila), futhi inesisindo esingaba ngu-3 kg. Umzimba we-gyurza unamandla futhi unamandla, ubukhulu bawo esinqeni bungaba bukhulu kunesandla somuntu. Umbala wesikhumba uhlukile kuma-subspecies ahlukene, konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala yenyoka unomphela.
Ubuthi be-gyurza buyingozi futhi bunamandla kangangokuthi bunamandla acishe afane nalawo emfezi yase-Asia. Kanye egazini lomuntu, ubuthi buqala ukubulala amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Futhi noma ikuphi ukubambezeleka kuyabulala.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 akho konke ukulunywa kwe-gurza ayabulala uma engalashwa. Njengekhambi, odokotela bajova i-serum ekhethekile emzimbeni, isikhathi ngasinye bexwayisa ngokuthi ukuzelapha kufanele kukhishwe, ngoba kungabulala.
Minyaka yonke, abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa yi-gyurza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inyoka yomngcwabo ibukeka kanjani ukuze ingabi isisulu sayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Snake Gyurza
Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezibonelo zezinyoka ezifika ngamamitha amabili ubude, isilinganiso sobude bomzimba se-gyurza singaphansi kancane kwemitha nengxenye. Inhloko yegyurza isesimweni sikanxantathu, futhi umzimba wonke unamandla amakhulu futhi unemisipha. Izikali ezincane ziyabonakala ngaphezu kwamehlo e-gyurza, lokhu kwehlukanisa nezihlobo zayo. Amanye ama-goyukov anezihlangu ezincane emakhanda awo, futhi izikali ezinzima zimboza amakhanda awo. Isiqu se-reptile sime sibheke phezulu, futhi isifonyo saso siyindilinga kancane.
Umbala wenhloko yenyoka yi-monochromatic, ayikho iphethini kuyo. Uhlelo lombala lomzimba wonke lungahluka, kuya ngezinhlobo zezindawo nezindawo lapho kuhlala khona inyoka.
Ithoni ejwayelekile yesikhumba ingaba:
- Mpunga okhanyayo;
- Umbala onsundu ngokubomvu;
- Onsundu;
- Okumpunga beige;
- Okumpunga okumnyama;
- Mnyama (kwesinye isikhathi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
Iphethini esikhunjeni somzimba iyahluka kuma-subspecies ahlukene, kepha imvamisa lawa amabala ombala omnyama, atholakala ngemuva nasezinhlangothini. Lezi zindawo zinombala onsundu ngokuthinta ukugqwala okuthile; ezinhlangothini zenyoka zincane kakhulu kunasemgqeni.
Isisu senyoka sihlala sinomthunzi okhanyayo, naso esinomhlobiso onamabala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo ezihlobisa umzimba wenyoka aziphikisani kakhulu, ngakho-ke iphethini esikhunjeni ayikhanyi kangako. Akuzona zonke izinyoka zeLevantine ezihlotshiswe ngephethini, kunezinyoka ezinombala owodwa, imvamisa zinombala onsundu futhi zimnyama.
Uhlala kuphi i-gyurza?
Isithombe: Animal gyurza
Indawo yokusabalalisa ye-gyurza ibanzi kakhulu. Inyoka ihlala emazweni asenyakatho ne-Afrika njengeTunisia, iMorocco ne-Algeria. Inyoka iLevant nayo yahlala kwezinye iziqhingi oLwandle i-Aegean. UGyurza uhlala empumalanga ye-Asia Minor, eSyria, Palestine, Iraq, Jordan, Iran, Arabia. Ama-republic aseTranscaucasia ayizindawo ezihuquzelayo ezihlala unomphela, ngaphandle kwase-Abkhazia, lapho ungatholi gyurza.
Le nyoka iphinde yathathela indawo e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afghanistan, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya. IGyurza yaseTranscaucasian ihlala ezweni lethu. Wazinza engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeDagestan, ufakwe eRed Book yaseRussia. Inani elincane kakhulu lama-gyurz asala eKazakhstan.
UGyurza uthanda izindawo ezilandelayo:
- Izingwadule;
- Indawo eyi-semi-desert;
- Izintaba;
- Ibhande elingezansi lezintaba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: iLevant viper ingakhuphuka izintaba ezifika ku-2.5 km ukuphakama (ePamirs).
IGyurza ithola isiphephelo sayo emifantwini enamadwala, ngaphansi kwamatshe amakhulu. Ungahlangana nesirhubuluzi esiyingozi ezigodini zemifula, emahlathini esivini, eduze nemifudlana yezintaba. Akufanele wesabe ukuhlangana negyurza ehlozini lehlathi, ukhetha indawo evulekile.
UGyurza akesabi kakhulu abantu, ngakho-ke uyabonakala ezingadini, kumakhabe, ezweni elitshaliwe, elingajwayelekile kwezinye izihlobo zakhe eziyizinyoka. Izici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinomthelela ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala inyoka ukutholakala kwamanzi aseduze nokudla okuningi.
Yini edliwa yi-gyurza?
Isithombe: Gurza onobuthi
Imenyu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-gyurza iyahluka, ngoba izindawo zokuhlala kwazo nazo zihlukile, futhi ukuba khona kwalokhu noma leso sidalwa esiphilayo endaweni eyakhiwe. Kwezinye izindawo, imenyu yezinyoka iqukethe ikakhulukazi zonke izinhlobo zamagundane, kwezinye - zezinyoni. Izinyoni zidliwa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo esezinze eCentral Asia.
Kumenyu ye-gyurza ungabona:
- Amagundane asendlini ajwayelekile;
- UGerbil;
- Amagundane e-Vole;
- UJerboas;
- Khomyakov;
- Hares abasha;
- AmaHedgehogs;
- Izimfudu ezincane;
- AmaGeckos;
- Izibankwa ezahlukahlukene;
- Izinambuzane;
- IPolozov;
- Izinyoni eziphuzi;
- Amawundlu ezinungu.
Lokhu kungukuhlukahluka kokudla kwale nyoka eyingozi kakhulu. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi i-gyurza ebulawa yindlala kuphela ehlasela izilwane ezihuquzelayo, lokhu ikwenza lapho ingatholi enye inyamazane. I-Gyurza izingela izinyoni endaweni yokuqamekela eseduze kwamanzi. Izinyoni ezindizele ukuyophuza zivame ukuba yizisulu zenyoka, eshaya ngesivinini sonyazi bese iluma isisulu ngamazinyo abukhali. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni iyakwazi ukubaleka, igyurza ayisukeli isisulu, esivele siwele sodwa, sishayeke phansi ngaso leso sikhathi ngoshevu onamandla.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: igyurza, igwinye isisulu sayo ngokuphelele, ilele endaweni yokukhosela ukuze ingxenye yomzimba lapho kutholakala khona isisulu ingaphansi kwemisebe yelanga. Inyoka egcwele ilele inganyakazi izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze ukudla okugwinyiwe kugaywe ngempumelelo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-gyurza esezinze emhlabeni olinyiwe inenzuzo enkulu kubantu, ibhubhisa amagundane amaningi - izinambuzane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Snake Gyurza
IGyurza iphuma ebusika (i-hibernation) ngoMashi-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa elibi lidlula amadigri ayishumi ngesibonakaliso sokuhlanganisa. Abokuqala ukuphuma emgodini ngabesilisa, kuthi ngemuva kwesonto abesifazane baphume baphume. Ekuzingeleni, izinyoka ezivuswa ebusheni basebusika azijahi ukuqhubekela phambili ngokushesha, kuqala zigeza ngelanga. Ngenkathi kaMeyi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame ukwehla ezintabeni eziseduze nezindawo ezimanzi nezindawo eziphansi.
Imvamisa, inani elikhulu lama-gyurz anqwabelana eduze kwemifula nemithombo, izinyoka zithanda ukubhukuda, zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi. Ngokuqala kokushisa kwehlobo, i-gyurza ishintshela kwimodi yokuhwalala, ngalesi sikhathi uhambo lwayo lokuzingela luqala, ukuzingela kungenzeka ebusuku nasebusuku. Ukubona okucijile nephunga elihle kusiza kalula ekutholeni inyamazane ebumnyameni obungangeni. Ekushiseni, izinyoka zicasha ngaphansi kwamatshe, emthunzini wotshani, emihosheni. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukuzingela kwenzeka emini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ngokufika kukaNovemba, ama-gyurza akhasa aye emihumeni yawo yasebusika ukuze afihle futhi, lokhu bakwenza bebodwa noma njengeqembu lonke (cishe abantu abayishumi nambili).
Kunamahemuhemu amaningi ngobuqili be-gyurza. Mhlawumbe kuxhomeke ekutheni akaxwayisi ngokujikijela kwakhe okunoshevu, ukubamba omubi ngokuzuma. Uma i-cobra ifaka i-hood yayo futhi ihlasela ngokusobala, i-gyurza ayikhombisi kuze kube sekugcineni, icasha ngokuqamekela, bese iphonsa kakhulu. Ngeze, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, iyaxaka, ngisho nababamba izinyoka abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi babengenaso isikhathi sokuvika ukuphonsa kwayo okusheshayo, ibanga lalo elifinyelela ubude bomzimba we-gyurza uqobo.
UGyurza unamathalente amaningi - ukhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni, akhase ngokushesha emhlabathini, akwazi ukugxumela phezulu, futhi unamandla amakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu obamba izinyoka okwazi ukubamba lesi silwane esihuquzelayo, ngoba simelana kakhulu. Lapho i-gyurza iqhuma, angadela ngisho nomhlathi wakhe ongezansi, eluma lapho, azama ukubamba umuntu.
Ngokwehlukile, kufanelekile ukusho i-gyurza molting, enayo kathathu ngonyaka. Amawundlu asanda kuzalwa ancola i-molt ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, kanti abantu abasha bayancibilika cishe kasishiyagalombili ngonyaka. Izimo zemvelo ezinjengomswakama zibalulekile ekuncibilikiseni ngempumelelo, yingakho izinyoka zivame ukuncibilika ekuseni noma ngemuva kwemvula.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: uma ingekho imvula isikhathi eside, i-gyurza kufanele icwilise emazolweni, enhlabathini emanzi noma ikhuphukele echibini ukuze ithambe izikali futhi ilahle kalula emzimbeni.
Okwamanje i-molting, inyoka yenza imizamo eminingi yokuqeda isikhumba esidala. Uzama ukukhasa phakathi kwamatshe. Ekupheleni kwale nqubo, isirhubuluzi silele cishe usuku lonke, singanyakazi, ngokusobala, sithole amandla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Gyurza
Izinyoka zeLevant ezivuthiwe ngokocansi zisondela eminyakeni engu-3-4 yokuphila. Isikhathi sabo sokukhwelana siqala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo ethile, kepha imvamisa iwela ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: ngaphambi kokukhwelana e-gyurz, kwenzeka into efana nemidlalo yothando, lapho izinyoka ezimbili, ziyahlangana, zishwabana futhi zolule ziye phezulu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-gyurza angama-oviparous, kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezi-ovoviviparous. Izinyoka zivame ukubeka amaqanda esikhathini sikaJulayi noma sika-Agasti, i-clutch ingaba ngamaqanda asuka kwayi-6 kuye kwangama-43, lokhu kuthonywa ubukhulu besifazane. Ubuningi beqanda elilodwa busuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 gram, futhi ububanzi bungafinyelela kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-54 mm. Amaqanda abekwa emigodini eshiywe ngothile, emifantwini yamatshe, isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-50. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imibungu ngempumelelo, kufanele kube nomswakama olinganiselayo, bese isisindo samaqanda siyanda. Ubumanzi obuningi bungalimaza, budale isikhunta nokufa kwengane.
Imvamisa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba ukuqhamuka kwenzeka. Izinyoka ezincane zizalwa sezivele zakhiwe futhi zizimele ngokuphelele. Ubude bazo bufinyelela kuma-28 cm, kanti izingane zinesisindo esingaba ngama-12 g. Okokuqala, izingane zidla zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, kancane kancane ziqala ukuthola izisulu ezinesisindo esikhulu. Ezimweni zemvelo, i-gyurza ivame ukuhlala iminyaka engekho ngaphezulu kweyishumi, futhi ekuthunjweni - kabili ubude.
Izitha zemvelo ze-gyurza
Isithombe: IGyurza esivela kwiRed Book
IGyurza inobukhulu obukhulu, iyashesha kakhulu, iyashesha umbani, iyingozi futhi inobuthi, ngakho-ke izilwane eziningi ziyakugwema ukuxhumana naye, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaselwa kwesirhubuluzi, kepha kukhona nalabo abathanda igyurza. Phakathi kwazo, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu se-gyurza ezimweni zemvelo yisilonda sokuqapha.
Into ukuthi ubuthi obunamandla nobuthi be-gyurza abunamphumela kuwo, isibankwa sokuqapha asinakuthinteka kuso, ngakho-ke asesabi ukuhlasela inyoka iLevant. Kwesinye isikhathi impisi, ikati lasehlathini, impungushe, impungushe ingahlasela i-gyurza. Vele, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zibeka izimpilo zazo engcupheni, ngoba azinayo ikhambi. Imvamisa izilwane zihlasela ngezikhathi ezinzima, ezilambile lapho zingakwazi ukuthola enye inyamazane.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane zasemhlabeni, ezinye izinyoni nazo zizingela i-gyurza, zihlasela zivela phezulu, khona kanye endizeni. Izinyoni ezinjengezinyoka kanye nama-steppe buzzards ngokuvamile zenza lokhu. Intsha, engakaqedi unyaka, ivame ukuhlushwa ukuhlaselwa ezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo (sandy ef, Central Asia cobra). Izinyoka ezingenalwazi nazo ziyanqotshwa yisigcilikisha sokuqapha ugwadule.
Zingabuye zihlaselwe yizinyoni ezifana neBuzzard neBlack Kite. Uma abantu abasha be-gyurza bebona noma yiluphi usongo, bazama ngokushesha ukucasha, babaleke. Lapho kungenzeki ukubaleka, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziqala ukuhlasela, zenze ukuhlaselwa okusheshayo, okungaphezu kwemitha ubude. Lokhu kuvame ukusiza ukweqa, ngoba izinyoka zeLevant azinobuthi kuphela, kepha zinamandla amakhulu futhi zinamandla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Gyurza eRussia
Indawo yezinyoka iLevant ibanzi futhi yehlukile. Okwamanje, izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezibandakanyeka ekuvikeleni izilwane nemvelo ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele zithi akukho okusongela inani labantu base-gyurz, kuneziningi zalezi zinyoka cishe kuzo zonke izindawo lapho zinemvume yokuhlala unomphela. Lesi sitatimende sihambisana nokubala kwedijithali okwenziwe ososayensi.
Zibonisa ukuthi endaweni ejwayelekile yokususwa unomphela kwe-gyurz kunezine zazo ehektheleni ngalinye, futhi ngesikhathi esishisayo sasehlobo eduze nemithambo ehlukahlukene yamanzi baqoqa kuze kube izingcezu ezingamashumi amabili ngehektha ngalinye. Njengomphumela wale mininingwane nezinye izifundo, akukho ukwesaba ngobungako besibalo sabantu baseGyurza, azikho izinsongo zokuqothulwa, kepha lokhu akwenzeki yonke indawo.
Kwamanye amazwe, inani labantu baseGyurza lincane kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeke njengomphumela wokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwabantu okusheshayo kwezolimo kanye nokubanjwa okukhulu kwezinyoka. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ubuthi be-gyurza busetshenziswa emithini yokwelapha, okwenza kuyo kube khona imithi esiza i-rheumatism, radiculitis, hemophilia.
Izenzo zomuntu ezingacatshangwa kahle zaholela eqinisweni lokuthi eRussia naseKazakhstan gyurza ibhalwe kuRed Book. Kuhle ukuthi isimo esincane kangaka sabantu sendawo, kepha kwezinye izifunda i-gyurza izwa kahle futhi ayivezwa osongo lokubhujiswa.
Ukuvikelwa kweGyurza
Isithombe: IGyurza esivela kwiRed Book
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, hhayi yonke indawo izinto zihamba kahle ngenani lezinyoka zakwaLevan, kwezinye izindawo lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ezimangalisayo ziya ngokuya zincipha. Ezweni lakithi, i-gyurza iseBhukwini Elibomvu. Ensimini yaseRussia, lolu hlobo lwezinyoka luhlala eDagestan, okungukuthi, engxenyeni yalo eseningizimu-mpumalanga. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi sinale nyoka eyingozi kakhulu. IGyurza, ehlala eDagestan, ibizwa ngeTranscaucasian, izici zayo ezihlukile ubukhona bezinhlamba eziningi esiswini kanye nokungabikho (inani elincane kakhulu) lamachashaza amnyama kuso.
Inani labantu be-gyurza yaseTranscaucasian lincane kakhulu. Izibalo ezenziwa eminyakeni eminingana edlule zakhombisa ukuthi akukho ngaphezu kuka-1000 walezi zinyoka ezisele. Lesi simo sivele ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ezihuquzelayo ngabantu: ukulima umhlaba, ukudla emadlelweni asezintabeni nasemathafeni aphansi, ukugxambukela ohlelweni lwemifula yezintaba yokunisela.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukubanjwa kwezinyoka akuzange kulawulwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngakho-ke cishe izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingaba yikhulu zazibanjwa minyaka yonke ngezidingo zemithi, ubukhulu bazo obungaphezu kwama-70 cm, futhi laba ngabantu abazala kakhulu.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kepha naseKazakhstan, zimbalwa kakhulu izinyoka zeLevant ezisele, ngakho-ke le nyoka nayo iseRed Book lapho.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi ubukhulu be-gyurza, amandla ayo, ingozi eyenzayo, ubuthi obuqine kakhulu nesimo esikhohlisayo kukwenza uthuke lapho ucabanga ngalesi silwane esihuquzelayo esesabekayo. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi kuletha inzuzo enkulu kubantu, kubhubhisa izindimbane zezilokazane ezinamagundane emasimini atshaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimanga ngokwanele, ubuthi be-gyurza bunezinto zokuphilisa ezibalulekile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 17.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-21: 42
