I-karakurt emhlophe ngesinye sezidalwa eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kokuthi ngaphandle akubonakali kusongela kangako, ubuthi bale arthropod buyabulala.
Mayelana nalokhu, ukulunywa yisicabucabu izilwane ezinjengehhashi noma indawo yokukhosela nakanjani kuzogcina ngokufa. Kumuntu, ukulunywa yizinambuzane nakho kungabulala uma inani elidingekayo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqeqeshiwe linganikezwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi nososayensi bathi ubuthi be-karakurt emhlophe buyingozi kancane kunommeleli omnyama walolu hlobo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: karakurt emhlophe
I-karakurt emhlophe ingeyama-arachnid arthropods, imele ukuhleleka kwesicabucabu, umndeni wesicabucabu - umthunzi, ohlukaniswe nohlobo lomfelokazi omnyama, izinhlobo ezimhlophe ze-karakurt.
Ososayensi abanalo ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nemvelaphi yalaba bameleli be-arthropods. Okutholwe kwakudala kakhulu kokhokho abakude be-karakurt kungokwesikhathi seCarboniferous Age, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamakhulu amane edlule. Babhekwa ngokufanele njengabamele ezinye zezidalwa eziphilayo ezindala kakhulu ezilondolozwe emhlabeni.
Ividiyo: I-karakurt emhlophe
Abanye ososayensi basikisela ukuthi okhokho basendulo bezicabucabu zesimanje ezinobuthi, kufaka phakathi i-karakurt, babehlala emanzini. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sePaleozoic, bathuthela ezihlahleni zotshani obukhulu nezihlahlana ezingangeneki. Ezimweni eziminyene zohlaza oluminyene, zazizingela izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Kamuva, kwavela izicabucabu ezazingaluka iwebhu futhi zibambe amaqanda kuyo ukuze zivikeleke.
Imininingwane ethakazelisayo. Amandla we-poisonous poison of the poison of karakurt aphakeme izikhathi eziphindwe ka-50 kunamandla kabuthi we-karakurt futhi ephindwe ka-15 amandla obuthi benyoka yenyoka.
Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisihlanu eyedlule, kwavela amathambo, afunda ukweluka iwebhu ukwenza izingibe. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi se-Jurassic, izicabucabu zafunda ukweluka ama-webs amaningi futhi awalengise emahlamvu aminyene. Ama-arthropods asebenzise umsila omude, omncane ukwenza ama-spider webs.
Izicabucabu zasakazeka kabanzi ezweni lonke ngenkathi kwakhiwa iPangnea. Kamuva zaqala ukwehlukaniswa zaba izinhlobo ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo ngokuya ngesizinda sendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Spider white karakurt
I-karakurt emhlophe ibukeka isabekayo. Ifaka ukwesaba, futhi, okubi kakhulu, ngenxa yombala wayo ihlala ingaziwa. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo oluthile lwama-arachnids yisifuba esikhulu esime njengebhola, kanye nemilenze emide futhi emincane. Kunezimbumba ezine zemilenze. Imilenze yokuqala neyokugcina iyahluka ngobude obukhulu. Lesi silwane yisona kuphela ilungu lohlobo lwaso esimhlophe, esimpunga noma esiphuzi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabafelokazi abamnyama, i-karakurt emhlophe ayinayo iphethini emise okwe-hourglass. Ukudonswa okungunxande okune okungajulile kuyabonakala ngemuva.
Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ihlala imhlophe noma ibisi. Umzimba osele ungaba mpunga noma ube phuzi. Kulezi arthropods, kuvezwa i-dimorphism yezocansi - abesilisa baphansi kakhulu kunabesifazane ngosayizi. Ubukhulu besifazane bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angu-2,5, kanti ubukhulu besilisa abudluli ngamasentimitha angu-0,5-0.8.
Inhloko incane, incane kakhulu kunomzimba, imvamisa iba nsundu. Ekhanda kukhona ama-chelicerae, anamandla amakhulu futhi angaluma kalula igobolondo le-chitinous lesikhonyane esikhulu. Engxenyeni engemuva kwesisu kunezinsumpa eziningana ze-arachnoid, lapho kukhishwa khona ubulembu emvelweni.
I-karakurt emhlophe inesakhiwo somzimba esijwayelekile sawo wonke amanye ama-arachnids. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - i-cephalothorax nesisu. Ngamunye wabo uqukethe izitho ezibalulekile. Ku-cephalothorax kukhona: i-gland efihla imfihlo enobuthi, isisu, isisu esincelayo, ukuphuma kokudla, i-aorta yangaphakathi.
Isisu siqukethe:
- Indlala yesicabucabu;
- Isibindi;
- Amathumbu;
- Ostia;
- Amaqanda esifazane;
- I-Trachea;
- I-aorta engemuva.
Ihlala kuphi i-karakurt emhlophe?
Isithombe: I-karakurt emhlophe yezilwane
Kukhona umbono wokuthi i-karakurt emhlophe ihlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu ogwadule lwaseNaimb kuphela. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Izinguquko ezimweni zesimo sezulu ziholele ekwandeni nasekushintsheni kwendawo ye-karakurt emhlophe.
Izifunda ezindawo zokuhlala kwe-arachnid:
- Izifunda eziseNingizimu zeRussian Federation;
- Ingxenye esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika;
- Ingxenye eseNingizimu ye-Ukraine;
- ECrimea;
- Iran;
- IMongolia;
- Igalikuni;
- Kazakhstan;
- I-Azerbaijan.
I-karakurt emhlophe ithanda indawo lapho kunemvula encane khona futhi akukho sithwathwa esikhulu. Indawo eyintandokazi ama-steppes, imisele, imihosha. Bazama ukugwema izindawo eziyizicaba, ezivulekile ngazo zonke izindlela. Njengabaningi bama-arachnids, ikhetha izindawo eziyimfihlo nezingafinyeleleki.
Uthanda ukucasha emigodini yamagundane amancane, imifantu, ezikhaleni phakathi kwezindonga, namanye amakhona akude. I-Karakurt ayibekezeleli isithwathwa esibi nesimo sezulu esibi. Bazama ukugwema umswakama owedlulele, izindawo ezikhanyayo kakhulu, nesimo sezulu esishisayo kakhulu.
Kungenzeka ukuhlangana ne-karakurt emhlophe endaweni yamapulazi alinyiwe, izakhiwo ezilahliwe noma zokuhlala, emakamelweni aphezulu, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu namashedi.
Idla ini karakurt emhlophe?
Isithombe: karakurt emhlophe
Uyini umthombo wamandla:
- Ama-arthropods amancane;
- I-Cicadas;
- Izinkumbi;
- Izintethe;
- Izimpukane;
- Impumputhe;
- Amabhungane;
- I-Cicadas;
- Amagundane amancane.
I-karakurt emhlophe inesakhiwo esingaphezulu kwamathumbu wokugaya ukudla. Lapho isisulu singena kuwebhu, sihlaba umzimba waso ezindaweni eziningi bese sijova imfihlo enobuthi ukuze izibilini zesisulu zigayeke ngokuphelele ngoshevu. Ngemuva kwalokho, izicabucabu zidla ingxenye engamanzi emzimbeni wesisulu sazo.
Ngokubamba izinambuzane, iwebhu evundlile isetshenziswa kakhulu. Kuyisici ukuthi iwebhu ayihlukile ngephethini ejwayelekile yama-trapezoid, kepha inelungiselelo elixakile lemicu, elingahambelani kunoma iyiphi iphethini. I-karakurt emhlophe ingenza izihlwathi eziningana zezicupho. Imvamisa, zibekwa phakathi kwamahlamvu ngendlela yokuthi ezinambuzaneni eziningi noma kumagundane amancane zihlala zingabonakali. Izingibe ezinjalo zivame ukushiywa emigodini, izingcindezi ezincane emhlabathini.
Inqubo yokwenziwa kokudla iqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba cishe konke sekuvele kugaywe ngaphansi kwethonya lemfihlo enobuthi. Phakathi kwayo yonke imithombo yokudla ehlukahlukene, izinkumbi nentethe kuyahlukaniswa futhi kuyathandwa. I-karakurt emhlophe empeleni ikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kokudla, noma idle inani eliphansi kakhulu lokudla. Ngaphandle kokudla, i-karakurt emhlophe ingaphila cishe izinyanga eziyi-10-12.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esimhlophe se-karakurt
I-karakurt emhlophe iyasebenza kungakhathalekile isikhathi sosuku noma izimo zezulu. Bangasebenza futhi baphume bayofuna ukudla, futhi bakudle emini nasebumnyameni. Abesilisa basebenza kancane. Basebenzisa ubulembu besicabucabu ukwenza izingibe. Izicabucabu azizeluki ngendlela yezimo ezithile nezibalo ezithile, kepha zimane nje zigoqwe ngemicu. Ungathola ukudla, njengomzingeli, okungukuthi, ukucasha ngemuva kwezihlahla, noma emahlathini ezimila eziminyene.
Imigodi yamagundane amancane, imifantu ezindongeni, uphahla lwangaphakathi, ukudonswa kwenhlabathi, imigodi, njll kukhethwa njengendawo yokuhlala. Laba bameleli bama-arachnids banokuzwa okuthuthuke kakhulu. Kungakho kubikiwe ukulunywa ngabantu. Izicabucabu zisabela kakhulu emsindweni ongaqondakali futhi, ukuze zizivikele, zama ukuhlasela kuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi umuntu, lapho ehlangana naye, eba ngumthombo womsindo ongadingekile, izicabucabu zibahlasela ngokuzivikela.
Ababekezeleli isithwathwa nokushisa okukhulu. Entwasahlobo - isikhathi sasehlobo, ukufuduka okukhulu kuyabonakala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu. Zihlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi izicabucabu zizama ukubalekela ukushisa okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-karakurt emhlophe ithole isiphephelo esiphephile, abesifazane bayayiluka ngewebhu bese beqala ukulungiselela ukubonakala kwenzalo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: karakurt emhlophe emhlophe
Isikhathi sobudlelwano bomshado kulo mmeleli we-arthropods sonyaka futhi siqala maphakathi - ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasehlobo. Abantu besilisa bazama ukuheha abobulili obuhlukile ngosizo lwama-pheromone akhethekile. Ezikhoselweni ezikhethiwe, abesifazane balengisa umugqa wokudoba. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze abantu abasha bathole indawo kuwebhu futhi bandize bayofuna ikhaya labo. Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana, insikazi izalela amaqanda. Inani labo lingafinyelela izingcezu eziyi-130-140.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuwa, insikazi iyafa. Amaqanda abekwayo alinda intwasahlobo eyedwa emigodini ekhethiwe eyimfihlo yezinye izindawo zokukhosela. Ngentwasahlobo, ngokufika komoya, osiza ukuqeda igobolondo leqanda futhi ubelethe abantu abasha. Izicabucabu ezichanyuselwe azihlakazeki ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha zihlala ngokuthula emgodini ukuze zikhule ziqine futhi zithole amakhono adingekayo okusinda ngokuzimela. Ngalesi sikhathi, banokudla okwanele, okulungiselelwe ngumama wabo.
Ngemuva kokuthi izinqolobane zomama seziphelile, izicabucabu ziqala ukudlelana. Ngenxa yalokho, kusinda kuphela abantu abaqine kunabo bonke. Bashiya umfece kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo, kuthi ngehlobo lonyaka ofanayo babe sebekhulile abavuthiwe kwezocansi. I-karakurt emhlophe ibhekwa njengommeleli omkhulu wama-arachnids. Insikazi ingazala inzalo kuze kube kabili ngonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zekarakurt emhlophe
Isithombe: Spider white karakurt
Ngaphandle kokuthi laba bameleli be-arthropods bayingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, basenezitha ezimweni zemvelo, yilezi:
- Imfuyo emincane - izimvu, izimbuzi. Azikho ngaphansi kwesenzo semfihlo enobuthi ye-arthropod;
- Iminyovu yindilinga. Bavame ukuhlasela i-karakurt ngejubane lombani, bese bejova imfihlo yabo enobuthi kubo;
- Izinambuzane zingabagibeli. Bavame ukubeka amaqanda ngemifece yalo mmeli womndeni we-arthropod;
- I-Hedgehog. Akuthinteki uketshezi olunobuthi.
Imvamisa, abalimi abesaba ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwezinkomo ngenxa yokulunywa yi-karakurt emhlophe, baqala bavumele izimvu noma izimbuzi ukuba zidle emadlelweni athile. Lezi zilwane azizwani nokulunywa kwazo, ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela idlelo lezinkomo eziklabayo.
Kwezinye izifunda, inani elikhulu lama-arthropods liyaziwa, elikwazi ukubhubhisa wonke umhlambi wezinkomo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isilwane esimhlophe se-karakurt
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-karakurt emhlophe inyathelwa phansi ngobuningi yizilwane ezifuywayo ezincane, lolu hlobo alusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngokuphathelene nokwanda kwezindawo ezakhiwe ngumuntu kanye nokushintsha kwezimo zezulu, kuyanda futhi kuguquke ngandlela thile. Umcwaningi akakwazanga ukuthola ukuthi liyini inani le-karakurt emhlophe namuhla, kepha bathi abasongelwa ngokunyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba.
E-Afrika, e-Asia Ephakathi, lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu luvame kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimbuzi eziningi nazo azinamphumela obonakalayo enanini labantu; i-karakurt emhlophe ayimakiwe nganoma yisiphi isimo futhi ayikho ohlwini lweRed Book. Ngenxa yekhono lokunikeza inzalo enkulu njalo eminyakeni eyi-10-15, inani lalaba bameleli, inani labantu libuyiselwe ngokuphelele.
I-karakurt emhlophe iyisicabucabu esiyingozi nesinobuthi. Izakhamizi zezifunda lapho kwenzeka khona ezimweni zemvelo kufanele ziqaphele ngokweqile, zingafaki ukuhamba zingafake zicathulo, zilele phansi. Uma kwenzeka ukulunywa yizinambuzane ngokuzumayo, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-20: 27
