Ungadidanisi isikulufu negundane elijwayelekile, ngoba alilona igundane nakancane, kepha lingelesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo. Mhlawumbe lo ngummeli omncane kunabo bonke balesi sigaba. Shrew - umbhubhisi wamabutho ezinhlobo zonke zezinambuzane. Isilwane esincane sinokubukeka okuhlekisa kakhulu, sibonga i-proboscis esemlonyeni, lapho sibheka khona, umamatheka ngokungenhloso.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Shrew
I-shrew yisilwane esincelisayo, kungokuhleleka kwezinambuzane. Lesi yisidlakela esincane kakhulu somndeni onobuhlakani. Ngokubukeka, isikulufu sifana kakhulu negundane elijwayelekile, i-vole, kepha likhashelwa nge-perky ne-proboscis eyingqayizivele esigaxeni sayo. Umndeni onobuhlakani uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amathathu zalezi zilwane ezingavamile, zihlanganiswe zaba imikhaya emibili:
- Izikulufu (zinoqweqwe lwamazinyo ansundu);
- Izikhuni (izilwane ezinamazinyo woqweqwe olumhlophe).
Ezweni lethu kuphela kunezinhlobo ezingama-21 zezinkukhu. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu babona isimo sabo esinokhahlo nesinolaka, ngakho bababiza "ngoSathane abancane". Uma ungena emlandweni, bese ubuyela emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa elikude, usosayensi - isazi sezilwane uTopsel uchaze lesi silwane njengesilwane esidlayo nesinolaka esiluma kanzima, futhi konke ukuluma kungaba yingozi. Ake sichaze ngokuningiliziwe ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlamvu.
I-shrew encane iyisilwane esincelisayo esincane kunazo zonke eMhlabeni, ubude bomzimba baso buvela kumasentimitha ama-3 kuye kwayi-5.Isilwane siqanjwa ngenxa yombala woqweqwe lwawo lwamazinyo, oluvimbela ukugaywa kwamazinyo ngokushesha. Umbala woboya besilwane ububunsundu futhi.
Isigaxa esinamazinyo amhlophe anamazinyo amhlophe sikhulu kancane kunaleso esedlule, ubude baso bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-7. Umbala woqweqwe lwawo lwezinyo, njengoba igama lisho, umhlophe. Ukuhlangana nalesi silwane akuvamile, umbala wejazi lolu hlobo lwezinhlamvu uyimpunga.
I-giant shrew ingummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke emndenini wayo, ubude bomzimba wayo bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15, kanti ubude bomsila wayo bungu-10. Umbala wengubo yayo yoboya ungaba mpunga okhanyayo noma ube mnyama ngokuphelele.
Ama-shrews ajwayelekile (ama-shrews wamanzi) athatha into enhle ukuya osebeni lwamachibi amanzi angenasawoti. Isici esivelele sezinsimbi ezinje ngezinwele ezigqokile ezithweni, ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukuhamba emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingubo yoboya yalesi silwane ayinamanzi, inombala ompunga, nasesiswini inethoni elula. Ngokubukeka, le shrew ifana kakhulu negundane lamanzi.
Ividiyo: Shrew
Amagundane egundane asebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Uboya babo buthambile futhi buyisilika. Umbala woboya babo ungaba mpunga, uphuzi, ube nsundu ngokusobala futhi ube mnyama, umzimba ungamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nanye, kanti isisindo silinganiselwa ku-23 g kuphela.
Izimbumbulu zaseMelika zikhulu ngokwanele uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izihlobo, zinomsila omfushane nezitho ezinamandla. Lezi zilwane zinobuthi futhi zinoboya obumnyama.
Ama-shrews asehlathini mancane ngosayizi, kepha uboya bawo bumnandi kakhulu, bude futhi buhle. Umthunzi wayo ikakhulu umpunga. Ubude bomzimba bale nhlobonhlobo abudluli ku-10 cm, kanti isisindo saso sisuka ku-3 kuye ku-12 g.
I-armored shrew yase-Uganda inamathambo ahlukile esakhiweni sayo. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela ku-15 cm, kanti isilwane sinesisindo esingu-110 amagremu. Ijazi linolaka, kepha likhulu ngokwanele, umbala woboya ubumpunga.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ngenxa yamathambo amangalisayo we-armored shrew, isilwane singanqoba imithwalo emikhulu emzimbeni wayo, ephakeme ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane kunesisindo saso.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Shrew kusayithi
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlayiya, futhi zonke zinezici zazo ezithile, kusese nezici ezijwayelekile zokubukeka okuvela emndenini okhaliphile. Ngokuphathelene nomzimba, ikhanda lesilwane likhulu ngokwanele, isifonyo sihlangene futhi sikhonjisiwe, futhi ikhala lidlulela esikhungweni esincane esinokuhamba.
Izidladla zesilwane zifushane, zineminwe emihlanu. Uboya buwugqinsi futhi buyivevethi. Ubude bomsila buhlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kokunye bufushane kakhulu, kokunye bude kunomzimba wonke. Ukhakhayi lunomumo omncane futhi ohlangene, ololwe eduze kwekhala. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-shrew ubukhulu bengqondo yaso, siyingxenye yeshumi yesisindo sesilwane sonke, esikhudlwana kakhulu kunesabantu namahlengethwa.
Kanjalo, ama-cheekbones awabonwa ngezihluthu, futhi inani lamazinyo liyahluka kusuka ku-26 kuye ku-32. Amazinyo ahlala njalo afaka ubisi ngisho nasesigabeni sembungu, ngakho-ke ama-shrews asanda kuzalwa azalwa enamazinyo amazinyo. Kunama-incisors amade ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi aphansi. Cishe ekuvulekeni kwezitho zangasese nezitho zobulili kunokuthile okufana neroller yesikhumba. Ezinhlangothini ezisemaceleni phansi komsila, kunezindlala ezikhipha iphunga elithile le-fetid.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ama-shrews abesifazane anezingono eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-10, kanti izindlala zesilisa zabesilisa zitholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Abesilisa banobungako obuthakazelisa kakhulu besitho sangasese, ubude obufinyelela amaphesenti ayisikhombisa obude bomzimba wonke.
I-shrew inenhliziyo eshaya kakhulu, ekuphumuleni ifinyelela kuma-700 beats ngomzuzu, futhi esimweni sokwesaba ingafinyelela amabhithi angafika ku-1200. Ngokuvamile, ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthi lezi zidalwa azilingani kakhulu futhi zinovalo, ngakho-ke zingafa ngisho nokuduma okukhulu.
Uhlala kuphi?
Isithombe: Animal shrew
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlakala zisabalale kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu. Bahlala cishe yonke indawo, abakwazi ukutholakala kuphela ezwenikazi lase-Australia, ezifundeni ezibandayo, eNew Zealand naseNew Guinea, nasezingxenyeni eziseNingizimu Melika, eziseningizimu yamazwe anjengeVenezuela, i-Ecuador neColombia.
Lezi zidalwa eziyizinambuzane zijwayela impilo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene:
- Ezindaweni eziyizicaba;
- Ezintabeni (kuze kufike ku-4 km ukuphakama);
- Ezingwadule nasezindaweni ezingamahlane;
- Emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo;
- Emaxhaphozini.
Isilwane ngasinye sinezinto zaso, indawo esigada kuyo ngokuqapha ukuze sigweme ukungena kwabantu abangenayo. Uma othile esevele ehlasele isabelo sokhuni, khona-ke umzabalazo wendawo yokuzingela uqala, umphumela wawo ongabulala omunye wabaphikisi. Ama-shrew angena ezimpini hhayi ngezinhlobo zazo kuphela, kodwa nangamagundane nezibankwa.
Ama-Burrows asebenza njengesiphephelo nekhaya lezinkemba, kepha ngokwabo akuvamile ukuthi azimbe, kepha azame ukungena emgodini oshiywe ngomunye umuntu. Uma kufanele bazimbele indawo yokukhosela, bayayenza ingajulile.
Imigodi engcolisayo yezihlahla ezibolile ithatha usinga, lapho ibuye ihlomise khona amakhaya ayo. Emiphakathini yazo, izigaxa zenza umbhede othambile futhi onethezekile ngamaqabunga angonyaka odlule. Singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi ama-shrews yizilwane ezihlala phansi ezinamathela endaweni ethile impilo yabo yonke emfushane.
Kudlani i-shrew?
Isithombe: Imouse shrew
I-shrew ibilokhu ifuna ukudla cishe yonke impilo yayo, ngoba badinga ukudla okuningi ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa lomzimba elidingekayo futhi igcwalise zonke izindleko zamandla.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: emini, ishibhu sidla ukudla okuningi, isisindo saso sicishe siphindwe kabili isisindo sesilwane uqobo.
Ekudleni kwalezi zidalwa ezincane, cishe kunezinambuzane kuphela. Imenyu yokuphamba iqukethe:
- Ama-Slugs;
- IMedvedok;
- Amabhungane amaLeaf;
- Izicabucabu;
- Iminenke;
- Izibungu;
- Ama-Mokrits;
- Zonke izinhlobo zezibungu;
- Izikelemu zomhlaba;
- Kwangathi amabhungane.
I-shrew ingabuye ihlasele izibankwa, amagundane amancane, amaxoxo. Izikebhe zamanzi ziyajabula ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane nama-amphibian. Kunzima kakhulu kulezi zilwane ezincane esikhathini esinzima sasebusika, lapho umhlaba ubanda futhi kunzima kakhulu ukumba okuthile ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ebusika, ama-shrews nawo angadla imbewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kepha izinhlobo ezingavamile zisinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Umuzwa ojulile wephunga nomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuthinta usiza izilwane ukuba zithole ukudla. Ezinsukwini ze-shrews akukho ukuhlukaniswa kube ubusuku nemini, zihlukaniswa ngezikhathi zokuzingela nokulala. Ukuminza kwezilwane, kuyamangaza, kepha impilo yabo incike kukho, ngoba imetabolism yalezi zingane inamandla kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ama-shrews ngeke ahlale isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla, ehlobo angakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla cishe amahora ayi-10, futhi ebusika - kuphela 3. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, isilwane siyafa uma singondliwe. Yile ndlela okuthakazelisa ngayo ukuthi umzimba wabo uhlelwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Garden shrew
Nanamuhla, kuncane okwaziwayo ngemikhuba nokuziphatha kwama-shrew. azifundiswanga ngokwanele, ngoba zihola kakhulu impilo yasebusuku futhi zitholakala emathunjini omhlaba cishe sonke isikhathi. Abesilisa abavela kwabesifazane cishe abangahlukeki ngokubukeka.
Ngokwemvelo yazo, lezi zilwane zingabantu abanesizungu, ngasinye sazo sinobunikazi bomhlaba waso, esivikela ngokucophelela kubantu esingabazi. I-shrew ingalwela kanzima indawo yayo nabahlaseli, ayesabi ukuhlasela igundane elikhulu nesibankwa. Ulaka lwakhe lunolaka kakhulu futhi luyashesha ukuthukuthela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi silwane asilingani futhi siyesaba, ngezinzwa zesikhongo, ukungavumelani, singasatshiswa ngokoqobo size sife ngisho nokuduma kwezulu. Ukulala ubusika kulezi zilwane akuvamile, kepha uma kunokudla okuncane, isikhunta siwela ohlotsheni olufushane, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba walo lehla kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
Izinduku ezinomsila omfushane, ezibhaliswe eCanada nase-USA, kanye nezikebhe zamanzi ezihlala ezweni lakithi ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi, ziyizilwane ezinobuthi, ukulunywa kwazo kubuhlungu kakhulu ngisho nakubantu futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala kwesayithi elilunyiwe, futhi ezilwaneni eziningi ezincane ukulunywa okunjalo kumane kubulale.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sempilo yesikhwama, siyadlula futhi sithatha unyaka owodwa nohhafu kuphela. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi abesifazane baphila inyanga ende kunabesilisa. Nayi imvelo ethokozisayo futhi ekabili yokuphamba: ngakolunye uhlangothi, bayesaba kakhulu futhi bayesaba, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, banolaka futhi abangalindeli.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby shrew
Njengoba sekushiwo, abakwa-shrew bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa endaweni yabo engayodwa. Lezi zilwane zizala zisuka kokukodwa ziye kathathu ngonyaka. Ukuzala kuzala amasonto ama-2-3. Ku-brood kungaba nezingane ezisukela ku-4 kuye kwezingu-14, ezizalwa zingaboni futhi zingenaboya.
I-proboscis ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ayithuthukisiwe kahle, ngakho-ke izingane zibukeka zinamakhala amancane. Esikhathini esihle phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, owesifazane oyedwa angakhulisa izingane ezingaba ngamashumi amane, kanti ezinye izilwane ezincane zinesikhathi sokuthola inzalo yazo ehlobo elifanayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: bobabili abazali bahlomisa isidleke senzalo yesikhathi esizayo, yize ososayensi bengakatholi ukuthi ngabe izishayo zindawonye noma zinesithembu.
Ngodoti othambile wamahlamvu omile, izingane ziyakhula futhi ziqine ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi bese kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga zithole ukuzimela okuphelele. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi isigaxa senzalo yaso sihamba kanjani efayeleni elilodwa, sibambe imisila yomunye nomunye ngamazinyo aso. Uma ukude ifana nesitimela esincane, lapho ingane ngayinye isebenza njenge-trailer. Uma, noma kunjalo, izinyane likwazi ukulahleka, bese likumemezela lokhu ngokuncinza kwalo, umama umisa "isitimela" bese efuna ukulahleka, bese ukuhamba kwesitimela kuqhubeka.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho amandla angajwayelekile ama-shrews, abizwa nge- "Denel's phenomenon", kubonakala ngokuncipha kosayizi womzimba ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ekwindla, i-cranium iba ethambile. Ngo-Ephreli, usayizi wayo uyanda futhi. Nakhu okungakanani amanga angajwayelekile empilweni emfushane yesidalwa esincane njenge-shrew.
Izitha zemvelo zama-shrews
Isithombe: Shrew enkulu
Ubukhulu obuncane bezikhunta bubenza babe sengozini yezilwane eziningi ezinkulu. Zivame ukuba yizisulu zezinyoni ezidla ubusuku nemini. Ama-Weasel, ama-ferrets nezinye izilwane ezincane ezidlayo zingadla kuma-shrews. Imvamisa baba yizisulu zokuhlaselwa izimpungushe namakati nezinja ezivamile.
Lezi zilwane zidida ama-shrews namagundane, kepha, zithatha inyamazane enjalo emlonyeni wazo, zizwa ngokushesha iphutha lazo futhi, kaningi, zenqabe leso simuncu. Konke kumayelana nephunga le-fetid musky elikhishwa yizinambuzane, ngenxa yalo, izilwane eziningi ezidlayo zidla ama-shrews ngokungathandi futhi kuphela uma kungekho ezinye izindlela zokudla.
Esinye sezitha zesikhwama umuntu ocekela phansi lezi zilwane, ezibheka njengezilokazane zasendle, izingadi nezingadi zemifino. Vele, isikhwishikhwishi siyakwazi ukulimaza uhlelo lwempande lwezitshalo ezitshaliwe siphishekela noma yiziphi izinambuzane, kepha futhi siletha inzuzo enkulu emhlabeni. Njengoba sine-proboscis, lesi silwane ngobuciko siwuthukulula umhlabathi, ogcwele umoya-mpilo, kuyilapho isikulufu sibhubhisa lonke uquqaba lwezinambuzane eziyingozi nezibungu zazo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ama-shrews abhubhisa inqwaba yezinambuzane ngisho nasezindaweni lapho izinyoni zingakwazi ukuzithola khona.
Ngeshwa, abantu babona ukulimala kuphela ekusebenzeni kwama-shrews, yize lokhu kungenjalo neze. Phakathi kokunye, ama-shrew amaningi afa phakathi nesikhathi esinzima sasebusika ngenxa yokushoda kokudla, kuyaqabukela ephila ngezikhathi ezifudumele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Shrew animal
Njengoba kwakushiwo, ama-shrew asakazeke cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwezinye izindawo, kepha isimo sabantu saso siyindida, konke kuya ngohlobo olulodwa lwalesi silwane. Ubungako besibalo semikhumbi eminingi buzinzile futhi abuvezwa kunoma yiziphi izinsongo, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zithathwa njengezisengozini futhi zibhalwe kuRed Book.
Uma sikhuluma ngomndeni wama-shrew uwonke, khona-ke izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezithathwa njengezisengozini, futhi inani lezinye izinhlobo alibangeli kukhathazeka. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba amakhulu amathathu zalezi zinambuzane ezithokozisayo, ngakho-ke ziningi kakhulu futhi zisakazeka kabanzi kumazwekazi ahlukahlukene, emazweni, ezifundeni nasezifundeni.
Ukuvikelwa kokuphamba
Isithombe: I-Shrew Red Book
Namuhla isimo esinamahlumela ehlathi asisihle neze, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengengcupheni. I-Eisentraut's murine shrew kanye neRampian murine shrew nayo isengozini. Zonke lezi zinhlobo okukhulunywe ngazo zibhalwe encwadini ebomvu ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature.
I-giant shrew ibhalwe kuRed Book of the Russian Federation, kubhekwa njengezinhlobo eziyivelakancane kakhulu, inani lazo lehle kakhulu kule minyaka engamakhulu amabili edlule.
Ngokuyisisekelo, isizathu sokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zemikhondo zihlukaniswe njengezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu, ukuhlala kwamazwe ahlala izilwane ngezidingo zezolimo, ukunwetshwa kokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Konke lokhu kuthinta kabi inani lezilwane eziningi, kubandakanya nomndeni onobuhlakani.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza ukuthi impilo ye-miniature shrew imfushane kakhulu, kepha inamandla kakhulu futhi iyathakazelisa. Ukungena emininingwaneni yayo, ungafunda okuningi okusha nokungajwayelekile. Iphutha elikhulu labaningi ukuyiphutha njengegundane elijwayelekile, kepha shrew akuyona igundane nakancane, kodwa isilwane esincane kunazo zonke futhi esingadinwa, okuyisongo sezinambuzane eziningi ezingenakubalwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-16: 27
