UKaluga uyisilwane esimangalisayo, kubhalwe ku-International Red Book naseRed Book laseRussia, njengezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti. Kaluga - inhlanzi ebalulekile yezentengiselwano, i-caviar yayo ihlonishwa kakhulu. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi ingamanzi ahlanzekile kuphela, kepha muva nje kwaziwa ukuthi abantu abasha nabo bahlala endaweni yasolwandle enkulu impela engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk.
Incazelo yenhlanzi ye-kaluga
Inhlanzi ingeyomndeni wama-sturgeon, ivame ukudideka ne-beluga... Kepha isici sayo esikhulu sokuhlukanisa nokubonakala kalula yinani lemisebe ku-dorsal fin - kukhona ngaphansi kwama-60 awo.
Ukubukeka
I-Kaluga inkulu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abadala bakhula bafike ku-560 cm ubude futhi banesisindo esingaphezu kwethani eli-1 - inhlanzi ithathwa njengevuthiwe ngokocansi ineminyaka engu-16, lapho ifinyelela kubude obungu-230 cm, ngesisindo - cishe ama-380 kg. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphelele seKaluga yiminyaka engama-50-55. Umbala wesilwane uvame ukuba mpunga oluhlaza okotshani, isisu sivame ukuba mhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimbungulu ze-gill kulezo zinhlanzi zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ezakha isibambo esibanzi ngaphansi kwegebe eliphakathi kwezigilo.
Isifonyo noma impumulo sikhombe kancane, siyindilinga, asiside futhi siyisicaba ezinhlangothini. Umlomo mkhulu ngokwanele, ufana nenhlendla ebunjiwe futhi utholakala kuyo yonke ingxenye engezansi yempumulo, uhamba kancane phezu kwekhanda. Emaphethelweni omlomo eKaluga kunezintshebe ezicindezelwe, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwamaqabunga.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Kunezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi — indawo yokuhlola, ichweba kanye neKaluga ekhula ngokushesha. Zonke lezi zilwane zikhuphuka zizalela e-Amur. Kukhona neKaluga yokuhlala - isici sayo sithathwa njengesiyimpilo "yokuhlala phansi" - inhlanzi ayikaze yehlele emfuleni i-Amur, futhi ayihambi esiteshini sayo.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani uKaluga
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane nabesilisa eKaluga akwenzeki ngasikhathi sinye – abesilisa bavuthwa eminyakeni engu-1-2 ngaphambili. Inhlanzi "isilungele" ukuzala inzalo ineminyaka yobudala eyi-15-17, inqobo nje uma ifinyelela ubukhulu obungaba ngu-2m. Ngokusobala, isikhathi sokuphila komuntu ngamunye cishe siyiminyaka engama-48-55.
Indawo yokuhlala
Naphezu kwegama layo elingajwayelekile - iKaluga - le nhlanzi ayihlali emizimbeni yamanzi omfula wedolobha, kodwa kuphela e-Amur basin. Abantu bazala kuphela e-Amur Estuary.
Okubalulekile! Ngenxa yokufunwa kakhulu kwezentengiselwano, izinhlanzi sezicishe zanyamalala ezindaweni eziningi ezinamachibi nasemifuleni yase-Amur, lapho ngaphambili yayisakazeke khona kakhulu.
Ukudla kwe-Kaluga
UKaluga uyisilwane esesabekayo esivamile, eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe udla abafowabo abancane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla... Abantu asebekhulile badla izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinhlanzi zemifula - i-salmon imvamisa iyisidlo "esithandwayo" esithandwayo seKaluga.
Esizalweni somfula i-Amur (indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuzala kweKaluga), i-chum salmon ne-salmon epinki iba ukudla okuyinhloko, futhi ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu bazo zonke izinhlanzi ezithengiswayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, amacala okudla abantu avame ukwenzeka.
Umlomo ovulekile womzingeli ufana nepayipi - imunca ngokoqobo inyamazane kanye nomfudlana wamanzi. Izifiso zezinhlanzi zikhulu impela - iKaluga yamamitha amathathu ingagwinya kalula isalmon noma u-salmon obomvana obude obuyimitha - isisu sikwamukela ngokuphelele izinhlanzi eziyishumi nambili zalesi sayizi. Lesi sifiso sivumela ukuthi izinhlobo zikhule ngokushesha ngokwanele futhi zifinyelele usayizi omkhulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kuze kube manje, iqiniso lokuthi ukubonakala kwenhlanzi enjalo e-Amur kubhekwa njengokuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi kuyamangaza. Ososayensi bachaza lokhu ngokufuduka kwezinhlanzi okude kusuka emaphethelweni asentshonalanga esikhathini esedlule. Kepha kusalokhu kuyindida - nini, kanjani futhi ngasiphi isizathu lawa ma-sturgeon avela echwebeni lase-Amur. Kukhona nenguqulo uKaluga ayixazulule i-Amur ngenxa yezinyoni ezifudukayo ezaziphethe amaqanda ayo - kepha le nkolelo ayinangqondo kangangoba ayinakuba iqiniso elisobala.
IKaluga izalela kuphela enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma yamatshe amatshe amancane. Ukuzalela kwenzeka njalo ngoMeyi-Juni. Ubuningi bamaqanda ngaphambi kokuzala kungama-25% wesisindo sayo esiphelele, futhi ukuzala kufinyelela kumaqanda ayizigidi ezingama-4-5. Umuntu ngamunye uzala njalo eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu.
Amaqanda ngokwawo anamathiselwe ku-substrate engezansi - amaqanda anobubanzi obungu-2-4 mm. Imibungu iyakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile - kudingeka izinga lokushisa lamanzi elincane elingu-18-19 ° C. Ukuvuthwa kweqanda kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora ayi-100-110, ezimweni eziphansi zokushisa, ukukhula kombungu kunciphisa izinsuku eziyi-15-17. Imibungu echanyuselwe ifinyelela kubude obungu-10-12 mm, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuthile, inhlanzi ikhula ifike ku-18-22 mm bese ishintshela ngokuphelele ohlotsheni lokuzifunza.
Ekuqaleni kobusika, gazinga lifinyelela usayizi cishe wama-30 cm nobukhulu obungu-20-100 amagremu. Phakathi nonyaka inhlanzi ikhula ize ifike kuma-35 cm bese izuza isisindo esifinyelela kuma-150-200 amagremu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Kaluga fry isanda kuba yizilwane ezidlayo - kule minyaka bavame ukuba namacala okudla inyama, futhi abamele lolu hlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi bakhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye abantu.
Okubalulekile! Kusesizalweni somfula i-Amur nasezingxenyeni eziphakathi komfula lapho izinhlanzi zikhula khona ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinye izindawo zokuhlala kwazo.
Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili babhekwa njengabaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-25 ubudala, abafinyelela ku-100 kg no-230-250 cm ubude. Isilinganiso sobulili phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezingakafiki ebusheni sicishe silingane, kepha inani labesifazane abadala eKaluga landa ngokuphindwe kabili.
Izitha zemvelo
Njengoba inhlanzi iKaluga ingumdli futhi ifinyelela osayizi bemvelo obukhulu kakhulu, ayinazo izitha ezinjalo emvelweni... Kepha iKaluga iyinhlanzi yezentengiselwano ebaluleke impela - "ingcebo" yangempela yomdobi - ayinayo inyama ethambile futhi emnandi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi cishe ayinawo amathambo. Yilezi zinzuzo ezenza ukuthi isilwane sibe yinto yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho okukhulu.
Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni babamba ngokungemthetho abantu abangavuthiwe abanesisindo esisuka ku-5 kuye ku-20 kg, okwehlisa ngokwemvelo inani lalezo zinhlobo. Njengomphumela wokubanjwa okunjalo, inani lezinhlobo lehle ngezihlandla eziningana, kanye nenkambo yalo yokuzala, okuyisizathu sokufakwa kwezinhlanzi zeKaluga eRed Book. Kungenzeka ukusindisa lezi zinhlobo ekuqothulweni kuphela uma imvelo kanye nokuzingela ngokungemthetho kwabantu kumisiwe ngokuphelele nokukhiqizwa kokuzenzela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kuze kube manje, inhlanzi iKaluga inikezwe isikhundla sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa... Isibalo sabantu bakhona kuphela ngama-50-55 ayizinkulungwane zabantu abavuthiwe (abaneminyaka eyi-15 nangaphezulu, abanesisindo esingama-50-60 kg, 180 cm ubude). kule minyaka embalwa edlule, kuye kwehla ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sezinhlobo zezilwane, okuhambisana nokuthungwa kwabantu ngokungemthetho. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka ngokuzayo, kuzothi-ke ekupheleni kwalesi shumi leminyaka inani leKaluga lehle ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Futhi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, inani labantu baseKaluga linganyamalala ngokuphelele.
Inani lokuhweba
Izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-sturgeon, kufaka phakathi iKaluga, bezilokhu zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imingcele ethile. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-caviar iyaziswa enhlanzini enjalo, ngoba yiyo equkethe inani elikhulu lezakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu - iodine, i-omega-3 fatty acids, amaminerali, amavithamini kanye namafutha agayeka kalula, okudingeka kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka okukhethekile kwamathambo ngamathambo ngandlela thile kuthinta ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwabantu kwale nhlanzi - ukungabikho kwamathambo nomgogodla ovumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe cishe u-85% womzimba wayo ekuphekeni izitsha ezivela eKaluga.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokombono wezokwelapha, uqwanga lwezinhlanzi luyisisekelo semvelo se-hondoprotector, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kubambezela ukukhula kwe-arthrosis ne-osteoarthritis.
Ukuncipha kwesisindo ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, inani kanye nokutholakala kwendawo yezicubu ze-adipose ezinhlanzi zeKaluga zikwenza kube umkhiqizo owuthandwa kakhulu we-gastronomic. Yilezi zinto eziba yisisekelo sokubanjwa kwezilwane ngezinga elikhulu futhi okuyizona "eziyimbangela" yokuqothulwa kohlobo.
