I-Wolfdog yaseCzechoslovakian (futhi eyi-Czechoslovakian wolfdog, i-Czech wolfdog, i-wolfund, i-Czech československý vlčák, i-English Czechoslovakian Wolfdog) iyinzalo ehlukahlukene eyenziwe eCzechoslovakia maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Umphumela wokuhlolwa, umzamo wokuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuwela inja nempisi, impisi yaba uhlobo oluphilile, oluzimele. Banempilo engcono kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuziqeqesha.
Umlando wozalo
Kuningi okwaziwayo ngomlando walesi hlobo kunezinye izinja ezihlanzekile, njengoba bekuyingxenye yocwaningo lwesayensi olwenziwe maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ngo-1955, uhulumeni waseCzechoslovakia waba nentshisekelo yokuthi kungenzeka awele impisi nenja.
Ngaleso sikhathi, imvelaphi yenja evela empisi yayingakaqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi kanti ezinye izilwane zazithathwa njengenye indlela: ama-coyotes, izimpungushe kanye nempisi ebomvu.
Ososayensi baseCzechoslovak bakholelwa ukuthi uma impisi nenja zihlobene, khona-ke zingazalelana kalula futhi zinikeze inzalo ephelele, evundile.
Kunezibonelo eziningi lapho izinhlobo ezimbili zingazalana zodwa, kepha inzalo yazo iyoba yinyumba. Isibonelo, umnyuzi (i-hybrid yehhashi nembongolo) noma i-liger (i-hybrid yebhubesi nengwe).
Ukuhlola umbono wabo, banqume ukuqala ucwaningo lwesayensi oluholwa uLt Colonel Karel Hartl. Izimpisi ezine zeCarpathian (uhlobo lwempisi ejwayelekile kumaCarpathia) zathathwa ngenxa yakhe.
Babizwa ngo-Argo, Brita, Lady noSharik. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinja ezingama-48 zaseJalimane i-Shepherd zakhethwa emigqeni esebenza kahle kakhulu, kubandakanya ne-Z Pohranicni Straze Line eyaziwayo.
Lapho-ke izinja nezimpisi zaziphambana ngokuqinile. Imiphumela yaba mihle, njengoba ezimweni eziningi inzalo yayivundile futhi ingaveza inzalo. Inzalo yawela yodwa eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela futhi kwakungekho oyinyumba phakathi kwabo.
Lezi nzalo zathola umlingiswa okhethekile nokubukeka, okufana nezimpisi kunezinja.
Kodwa-ke, umalusi waseJalimane uqobo ungenye yezinhlobo ezisondele kakhulu zempisi ngokubukeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpisi zazivame ukukhonkotha futhi zazingaqeqeshwa kakhulu kunezinja ezihlanzekile.
Baqala ukubizwa ngokuthi impisi noma impisi yaseCzechoslovakian, i-wolfund.
Ngo-1965, ukuhlolwa kokuzalisa kwaphela, uhulumeni waseCzechoslovakia wajabula ngemiphumela. Amasosha namaphoyisa kuleli basebenzise kakhulu izinja ngezinjongo zabo, ikakhulukazi abelusi baseJalimane.
Ngeshwa, lezo zazivame ukuwela zodwa, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezifo zofuzo kanye nokuwohloka kwezimfanelo zokusebenza. Enye yezinhloso zokuhlolwa kwakuwukuhlola ukuthi igazi lempisi lingayithuthukisa yini impilo yohlobo futhi lithinte nokuziphatha. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, onogada basemngceleni waseCzechoslovakia babesebenzisa izinja eziyizimpisi emngceleni, babesebenza emaphoyiseni nasemasosheni.
Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlola yayimangalisa kangangokuba izikhungo zombili ezizimele nezikahulumeni zaqala ukuzala imbuzi yaseCzechoslovakian.
Bazama ukuqinisa umphumela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi babephilile futhi benozwela njengezimpisi futhi baqeqeshwe njengomalusi waseJalimane. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola impumelelo ephelele ngisho nangemva kweminyaka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impisi yaseCzech inempilo kunezinja eziningi ezingenacala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunzima kakhulu ukuziqeqesha kunalokho eziyikho. Abaqeqeshi baseCzechoslovak bakwazi ukuqeqesha imiyalo eminingi, kepha kwathatha umzamo omkhulu, futhi bahlala bengaphenduli futhi bengalawuleki kakhulu kunezinye izinja.
Ngo-1982, iCzechoslovak Cynological Society yaluqonda ngokuphelele lolu hlobo futhi yalunikeza isikhundla sezwe.
Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, impisi yaseCzechoslovakian yayingaziwa ngaphandle kwezwe lakubo, yize abanye babekhona emazweni obuKhomanisi. Ngo-1989, iCzechoslovakia yaqala ukusondela emazweni aseYurophu, kwathi ngo-1993 yahlukaniswa yaba iCzech Republic neSlovakia.
Ukuthandwa kohlobo lwakhula kakhulu lapho kwamukelwa yi-International Cynological Federation (ICF) ngo-1998. Lokhu kuqashelwa kukhuphule kakhulu inzalo kulolu hlobo futhi kwaqala ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Yize iCzechoslovakian Wolfdog idabuka eCzechoslovakia, ngokwezindinganiso ze-ICF izwe elilodwa kuphela elingalawula indinganiso yokuzalanisa bese kukhethwa iSlovakia.
I-Wolfdogs yafika eMelika ngonyaka ka-2006, i-United Kennel Club (UKC) yalubona ngokuphelele lolu hlobo, kepha i-AKC ayikaze ilubone lolu hlobo kuze kube namuhla.
Ngo-2012, babebalelwa ku-70 kubo kuleli, abahlala ezifundazweni eziyi-16. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2014, iningi labo lalise-Italy (kufika ku-200), eCzech Republic (cishe nge-100) naseSlovakia (cishe ngama-50).
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zesimanje, iningi lamaCzechoslovakian Wolfdogs lihlala lizinja ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi eCzech Republic, eSlovakia nase-Italy. Kodwa-ke, imfashini yabo iyadlula; izinja ezilawulwa kakhulu neziqeqeshiwe zikhethelwa lo msebenzi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuzayo bazoba izinja ezihambisana kuphela. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuthandwa kohlobo kuyakhula, izinja zempisi zihlala zingavamile kwamanye amazwe.
Incazelo
Impisi yaseCzechoslovakian icishe ifane nempisi futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyidida nayo. Njengezimpisi, bakhombisa ukungafani kobulili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane bahluka kakhulu ngosayizi.
Ama-Wolfdogs mancane ngosayizi kunezinye izinhlobo zempisi nezinja, kepha lokhu kungenxa yokuthi impisi yeCarpathian yayisetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa, okuncane ngokwako.
Abesilisa ababunile bafinyelela kuma-65 cm bese benesisindo sama-26 kg, ama-bitches angama-60 cm nesisindo esingu-20 kg. Lolu hlobo kufanele lubukeke lungokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwezici ezishiwoyo. Zinemisipha futhi ziyasubatha, kepha lezi zimfanelo zifihlekile ngaphansi kwejazi elijiyile.
Ukufana nempisi kubonakala ekwakhekeni kwekhanda. Kuyinto ehambisanayo, ngesimo sedgeji ebuthuntu. Isitobhu sibushelelezi, sicishe singabonakali. Umlomo wesifonyo mude kakhulu futhi ubude bawo bungu-50% kunokhakhayi, kodwa hhayi ububanzi ikakhulukazi. Izindebe ziqinile, imihlathi iqinile, ukuluma kufana nesikele noma kuqondile.
Ikhala limile okweqanda, limnyama. Amehlo mancane, abekwe ngokusobala, amber noma ansundu ngokukhanyayo. Izindlebe zifushane, zingunxantathu, zimile. Zihamba kakhulu futhi ziveza ngokusobala imizwa nemizwa yenja. Umbono wenja ubudlova namandla.
Isimo sejazi sincike kakhulu kwisizini. Ebusika, ijazi liwugqinsi futhi liminyene, ikakhulukazi ingubo yangaphansi.
Ehlobo, lifushane kakhulu futhi lincane kakhulu. Kufanele imboze wonke umzimba wenja, kufaka phakathi izindawo lapho ezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile zingenayo: ezindlebeni, emathangeni angaphakathi, esikhwameni.
Umbala wayo uyefana nombala wempisi yaseCarpathian, ezoni, kusuka kokumpunga kuya kokumpunga kuya kwesiliva-mpunga. Kukhona imaski encane ebusweni, izinwele zimnyama kancane entanyeni nasesifubeni. Umbala onqabile kodwa owamukelekayo mpunga omnyama.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, amawundlu empisi azalwa enemibala ehlukile, ngokwesibonelo, amnyama noma angenasifihle ebusweni. Izinja ezinjalo azivunyelwe ukuzala nokubonisa, kepha zigcina zonke izimfanelo zohlobo.
Uhlamvu
Uhlamvu lwempisi yaseCzech isiphambano esiphakathi kwenja yasekhaya nempisi yasendle. Unezici eziningi azalwa nezimpisi hhayi izinja.
Isibonelo, ukushisa kokuqala kwenzeka ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, bese kuthi kanye ngonyaka. Yize izinja eziningi zishisa kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezihlanzekile, ukuzalaniswa kwe-wolfdog kuyisikhathi sonyaka kanti imidlwane izalwa ikakhulu ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banesikhundla sobukhosi esinamandla kakhulu kanye nesazela somhlambi, abakhonkothi, kodwa bahewule.
Impisi ingafundiswa ukukhonkotha, kepha kunzima kakhulu kuye. Futhi zizimele kakhulu futhi zidinga ukulawulwa komuntu okuncane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Njengempisi, impisi yaseCzechoslovakian isebusuku futhi iningi liyasebenza ebusuku.
Lezi zinja zingaba ngamalungu omndeni athembeke kakhulu, kepha ubunjalo bazo obuyingqayizivele bubenza bangalungeli wonke umuntu.
Uhlobo lutholakala ngokuthanda umndeni. Inamandla kangangokuba izinja eziningi kunzima, noma kungenzeki, ukudlulisela kwabanye abanikazi. Bavame ukuthanda umuntu oyedwa, yize bemukela amanye amalungu omndeni.
Abathandi ukuveza imizwa yabo futhi bavinjelwe ngisho nangabo. Ubudlelwano nezingane buyaphikisana. Iningi lilungile ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi uma zikhule nazo. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezincane zingabacasula, futhi abayibekezeleli imidlalo emangele kahle.
Izingane ezingabafokazi kudingeka ziqaphele lezi zinja. Kungcono ukuthi izingane zikhule, kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10.
Njengoba lezi zinja zidinga indlela ekhethekile nokuqeqeshwa, zizoba yisinqumo esibi kakhulu kubazalisi bezinja abasafufusa. Eqinisweni, yilabo kuphela abanolwazi lokugcina izinhlobo ezibucayi, ezivelele abadinga ukuzizala.
Bakhetha ukuba nomndeni kunenkampani yabantu abangabazi abasolayo kubo ngokwemvelo. Ukuxhumana nabantu kusenesikhathi kuyadingeka impela kwiWolfdog, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzokwanda ukuhlasela abantu ongabazi.
Ngisho nezinja ezithule kakhulu azijabuli neze nabantu ezingabazi futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke zibamukele ngemfudumalo.
Uma ilungu elisha livela emndenini, kungathatha iminyaka ukujwayela, kanti abanye abasoze balijwayela.
Izimpisi zaseCzechoslovakian ziyindawo enkulu futhi ezinozwela, ezibenza babe ababheki abahle kakhulu, ukubukeka kwabo kungasabisa noma ngubani. Kodwa-ke, amaRottweiler noma iCane Corso angcono kulo msebenzi.
Bathola zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa kwezinye izinja, kufaka phakathi indawo, ezocansi kanye nokubusa. Banobukhosi obuqinile bomphakathi obususa ukungqubuzana kuze kube busungulwa.
Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokwakha isigaba sabaphathi, bayezwana, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo zabo bese benza umhlambi. Ukugwema ulaka, kungcono ukuzigcina nezinja zobulili obuhlukile.
Ziyizilwane ezinjengezimpisi. Iningi lizojaha futhi libulale ezinye izilwane: amakati, izingwejeje, izinja ezincane.
Abaningi baze basongele labo abake bahlala nabo impilo yabo kusukela bazalwa, futhi akukho lutho olungashiwo ngabantu abangabazi.
Impisi yaseCzechoslovakian ihlakaniphile futhi ingaqedela ngempumelelo noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukubaqeqesha.
Abazami ukujabulisa umnikazi, futhi benza umyalo kuphela uma bebona incazelo kuwo. Ukuphoqa impisi ukuthi yenze okuthile, kufanele iqonde ukuthi kungani ikwenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba nesithukuthezi ngakho konke futhi benqabe ukulandela imiyalo, noma ngabe batholani yona. Balalela imiyalo ngokukhetha, futhi bayenza kabi kakhulu. Lokhu akusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqeqesha inja yempisi, kepha nabaqeqeshi abanolwazi kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi abakwazi ukubhekana nayo.
Njengoba isigaba sabaphathi bezenhlalo sibaluleke kakhulu kubo, lezi zinja ngeke zilalele noma ngubani abazibheka njengabaphansi ezinyathelweni zomphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikazi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abe sezingeni eliphakeme emehlweni enja.
Ekufuneni ukudla, izimpisi zihamba amakhilomitha amaningi, kanti umalusi waseJalimane uyakwazi ukusebenza ngokungakhathali amahora amaningi. Ngakho-ke kusuka ku-hybrid yabo, umuntu kufanele alindele ukusebenza okuphezulu, kepha nezidingo eziphakeme zomsebenzi. IVolchak idinga okungenani ihora lokuzikhandla ngosuku, futhi lokhu akuyona indlela yokuphumula.
Ungumngane omuhle wokugijima noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, kepha kuphela ezindaweni eziphephile. Ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwamandla, impisi izokwakha isimilo esonakalisayo, ukungabi namandla, ukuhewula, ulaka.
Ngenxa yezidingo eziphakeme zemithwalo, zikulungele kabi ukuhlala efulethini; kudingeka indlu yangasese enegceke elibanzi.
Ukunakekela
Ukuxubha okulula kakhulu, kwanele. Impisi yaseCzechoslovakian ihlanzekile ngokwemvelo futhi ayinalo iphunga lenja.
I-molt futhi ichichima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, zidinga ukuhlanganiswa nsuku zonke.
Ezempilo
Njengoba sekushiwo, luhlobo olunempilo ngokweqile. Enye yezinhloso ze-hybridization kwakungukukhuthaza impilo futhi izinja zempisi ziphila isikhathi eside kunezinye izinhlobo zezinja.
Isikhathi sabo sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni eyi-15 kuye kwengu-18.
