Abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu abavakashela amahlathi eNew World ngekhulu le-16 baqaphela ukufana kwezicucu zezinwele ezinsundu kanye nokushiswa okuhlukile ekhanda lezinkawu zasendaweni izindela zaseCapuchin ezigqoke izingubo ezinsundu ezinezikhukhula ezinkulu. Kungakho babanika igama - UCapuchin.
Izinsimbi zokugaya izitho zikaVictoria zazinezinkawu zakwaCapuchin ezazidansa ziqoqa izinhlamvu zemali. Manje lezi zilwane ezinobuso obuhle nama-antics amahle zivela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemibukiso namafilimu, njengePirates of the Caribbean. Kodwa i-capuchin edume kakhulu nguMarcel, inkawu kaRoss ayithandayo ku-Friends.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Capuchin
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinkawu ze-New World: iCebidae, i-Aotidae, iPitheciidae, ne-Atelidae. Zonke zihluke kancane ezicini eziningi kusukela ezimpesheni ze-Old World, kepha umehluko ovelele kakhulu ikhala. Lo msebenzi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Igama lesayensi lezinkawu zeNew World, iPlatyrrhini, lisho ikhala eliyisicaba. Amakhala abo impela athambile, namakhala aqondiswe ezinhlangothini, ngokungafani namakhala amancane ezinkawu ze-Old World.
Izinkawu eziningi zaseMelika zinemisila emide ne-prehensile. Lezi yizilwane ezincane, izinhlobo ezinamandla - zihlala ezihlahleni, kanti ezasebusuku ziyasebenza ebusuku. Ngokungafani nezinkawu eziningi e-Old World, izinkawu eziningi zaseMelika zakha ngazimbili zodwa futhi zibonisa ukukhathalela kwabazali isizukulwane esisha.
Ividiyo: ICapuchin
Igama lesayensi lohlobo lweCapuchin ngesiLatin Cebus. Kuvela egameni lesiGreki elithi kêbos elisho inkawu enomsila omude. Luhlobo oluhlanganise cishe ama-subspecies angamashumi amathathu, aqoqwe aba yizinhlobo ezine. Kungeyemndeni we-Cebidae (i-chain-tailed), lefaka imikhakha lemibili - ema-saimir kanye nema-capuchin futsi iyinhlobo lephakeme.
Izinga lezinhlobo zentela yohlobo loqobo ngokwalo lihlala linempikiswano enkulu, futhi ezinye izindlela zocwaningo ziphakamisa ukuhlukaniswa okusha.
Ngo-2011, uJessica Lynch Alfaro waphakamisa ukuthi amaCapuchin anamandla (okwakungu-C. Apella group) ahlukaniswe njengohlobo oluhlukile, iSapajus. Phambilini, zazingezinhlobo zama-capuchin anomusa (C. capucinus). Ngokwezifundo zofuzo ezenziwa nguLynch Alfaro, amaCapuchin anomusa (gracile) futhi anamandla (anamandla) ahlukana ekukhuleni kwawo cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-6.2 edlule.
Ukungafani kubonakala ukuthi kwakudalwe ukwakheka koMfula i-Amazon, owahlukanisa izinkawu ezisenyakatho nomfula, owaphenduka amaCapuchin anomusa, kusukela ezindlekeni eziseHlathini lase-Atlantic eningizimu yomfula, ezaphenduka amaCapuchin aqinile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal Capuchin
Izinkawu ezisheshayo nezincane ze-capuchin zinesisindo esingu-1.36 - 4.9 kg kuphela. Uboya buyahluka ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, kepha iningi lamaphimpi kuleli qembu angabonakala ngokhilimu noma ngombala onsundu okhanyayo nxazonke zobuso, intamo namahlombe (umbala kanye nephethini eliqondile kuncike kohlobo). Wonke umzimba unombala onsundu onsundu futhi umnyama ngisho.
Ngemuva kweCapuchin, izinwele zimfushane futhi zimnyama kunezinye izitho zomzimba. Ubuso bale nyani obuhle buqala kokumhlophe kuye kobomvana. Ubude bomsila buhambisana nobude bomzimba wonke. Imbozwe ngoboya futhi ngokwengxenye iyakwazi ukugoqa uzungeze amagatsha ezitshalo. Lezi zinkawu zinamakhanda ayindilinga, ziyaqina futhi zakhiwe ngokulingene. Umzimba ufinyelela ku-30-55 cm ubude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Izinkawu zakwaCapuchin zibizwa kanjalo ngoba zibukeka njengezindela ezincane zaseSpain zaseCapuchin ezinobuso bazo obumhlophe nezembatho ezinsundu nezinselo emakhanda.
Izinkawu zaseCapuchin zimbalwa uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Zihlala endle iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengama-25, yize zithunjiwe zingaphila iminyaka engafika kwengu-45. Imisila yawo emide, ethandekayo nezithupha ziyabasiza baphile phezulu emagatsheni ehlathi lemvula. Umsila usebenza njengesengezo sesihlanu - ukubamba amagatsha nokusiza ukulinganisela njengoba behamba ezihlahleni. Izithupha zibasiza emisebenzini eminingi yansuku zonke, kusukela ekufuneni ukudla kuya ekuzilungiseni.
I-primate yesilisa evelele ngumholi weqembu. Kufanele avikele insimu yakhe namalungu eqembu lakhe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nezinkawu ze-capuchin ezivela kwamanye amaqembu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umholi uyashada futhi uhlala edla kuqala.
Ihlala kuphi i-capuchin?
Isithombe: Inkawu kaCapuchin
AmaCapuchin atholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni eziphansi, kusuka endaweni enomswakama kuya ezindaweni ezomile. Zizalwa emazweni amaningi naseziqhingini eziseNingizimu Melika naseCaribbean.
Indawo yokuhlala kwabo ifaka phakathi:
- IHonduras. Endaweni enkulu endaweni eshisayo;
- EBrazil. Emahlathini emvula ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Amazon;
- I-Peru. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe;
- I-Paraguay. Engxenyeni eshisayo yezwe;
- EColombia. Engxenyeni enkulu yensimu;
- ICosta Rica. Ogwini olushisayo;
- I-Panama. Ngasogwini nasemahlathini ashisayo engxenyeni emaphakathi;
- I-Argentina. Kutholakala ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga yezwe.
EMelika Ephakathi naseCaribbean, zitholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezinomswakama, kanti ogwini lwasePacific, zitholakala ehlathini elomile elomile. AmaCapuchin ayaziwa ukuthi ajwayela ngokushesha ukuhlasela kwabantu futhi achuma kangcono kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Kepha zinethezeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinombhede ominyene wamahlamvu ezihlahleni, ezibanikeza indawo yokukhosela, ukudla, indlela ephephile yokuhamba nezindawo zokulala eziphephile.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izinkawu ngazinye zizohamba zifike kumakhilomitha ama-3.5 ngosuku endaweni yazo. Imvamisa uhla lomndeni owodwa lumboza indawo engamahektha angama-50-100 omhlaba. Izinkawu zaseCapuchin zivame ukusuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye ngaphandle kokuthinta phansi.
Idla ini i-capuchin?
Isithombe: Capuchin
AmaCapuchin ayasebenzisana ngaphakathi kweqembu lawo ekuqoqeni nasekwabeni ukudla. Zithatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla ezinkulu kunezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wakwaCebidae. Zidla omnivorous futhi zidla izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ezinjengamaqabunga, izimbali, izithelo, imbewu, amantongomane, amagxolo ezihlahla, umoba, ama-bulbs, ama-buds kanye ne-exudates, kanye nezinambuzane, izicabucabu, amaqanda ezinyoni, kanye nama-vertebrate amancane afana nezibankwa nezincane amagundane.
AmaCapuchin nawo abonwe ukuthi alunge kakhulu ekubambeni amaxoxo. Babonakala njengama-foodies amasha futhi adlulele ngenxa yekhono labo lokuhlala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudla ezingalindelekile ezingaqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo ezindaweni ezinamathuba amancane kakhulu okudla okunempilo. AmaCapuchin ahlala eduze kwamanzi nawo azodla izinkalankala nezimbaza, ephula amagobolondo awo.
Izinkawu zaseCapuchin yizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamathuluzi (izinti, amagatsha, amatshe) ukuvula amagobolondo, amantongomane, imbewu eqinile namagobolondo ama-molluscs.
Ezinye izinhlobo zaziwa ngokudla izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifika ku-95. Basebenzisa amatshe ukuqhekeza amantongomane, imbewu, izimbaza nezinye izilwane. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-primate, ama-capuchin asiza ukusabalalisa imbewu yezitshalo nezithelo kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo, okusiza ukukhulisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezitshalo.
AmaCapuchin ahlala edinga amanzi adinga amanzi. Bathatha uketshezi cishe kunoma yimuphi umthombo. Baphuza amanzi emigodini ezihlahleni, emifudlaneni nakweminye imizimba yamanzi nemithombo efinyelelekayo. ngenkathi eyomile, kufanele bahambe amabanga amade nsuku zonke beya emanzini.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane seCapuchin
AmaCapuchin ngokuvamile ahlala emaqenjini amakhulu (amalungu ayi-10 kuya kwangama-35) ehlathini, yize ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezindawo ezikhethwe ngabantu. Kepha zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amancane ngokunakekelwa, ukuzijabulisa kanye nokuseshwa kokudla.
Izinhlobo eziningi zinokulandelana okuqondile, okusho ukuthi bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bane-oda labo lokubusa, kepha owesilisa we-alpha we-oda uhlala ephethe i-alpha female. Unamalungelo ayisisekelo okushada nabesifazane eqenjini lakhe. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu e-capuchin anekhanda elimhlophe aholwa yibo bobabili abesilisa nabesilisa be-alpha. Iqembu ngalinye lihlanganisa insimu enkulu, njengoba amalungu omndeni kufanele afune izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokudla.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo! Lezi zinkawu yizilwane zendawo ezichaza ngokusobala indawo emaphakathi yendawo yokuhlala nomchamo futhi ziyivikele kubahlaseli.
Ukuqiniswa kwamandla weqembu kwenziwa ngokuzilolonga bobabili, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkawu kwenzeka ngemisindo ehlukahlukene. AmaCapuchin angagxuma aze afike kumamitha amathathu futhi asebenzise ikhono lawo ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa aye kwesinye. Ukuhlala kufihlwe phakathi kohlaza lwamahlathi cishe usuku lonke, izinkawu zakwaCapuchin zilala emagatsheni bese zehla kuphela zifuna amanzi okuphuza.
Ngaphandle kokulala kwabo emini bebade, bachitha usuku lonke befuna ukudla. Ebusuku zilala ezihlahleni, zicindezela phakathi kwamagatsha. Azidingi ngokwendawo yazo yokuhlala ngakho-ke zingatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. AmaCapuchin anezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenhlalo, ubudlelwano besikhathi eside phakathi kwabobulili bobabili, kanye nomlando ocebile wokuziphatha, okwenza kube yindaba ethokozisayo yokubukwa kwesayensi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Capuchin Cub
Ama-Capuchin azala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, awanawo isikhathi esikhethekile sokukhwelana. Yize eMelika Ephakathi, ukubeletha kwenzeka kaningi ngenkathi eyomile nasekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula (ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli). Abesifazane bahambisa amandla abo amaningi nokuziphatha kwabo kokuya kowesilisa we-alpha. Kodwa-ke, lapho owesifazane efinyelela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sakhe sokumitha, angakhwelana namanye amaduna ayisithupha ngosuku olulodwa.
Ukuqondiswa okuqondile kwe-alpha wesilisa akwenzeki njalo, njengoba abanye besifazane betholakale behlangana nabesilisa abathathu kuya kwabane abahlukene. Lapho u-alpha wesifazane nowesifazane osezingeni eliphansi befuna ukuhlangana nowesilisa we-alpha, owesifazane ovelele kakhulu uzuza amalungelo owesilisa uma kuqhathaniswa nowesifazane osezingeni eliphansi. Kuke kwaqashelwa ukuthi abesilisa abahlangani namadodakazi abo.
Abesilisa bachamela ezandleni zabo bese bemboza imizimba yabo ngomchamo ukulungisa izindawo zabo nokuheha abesifazane.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha (izinsuku eziyi-160-180). Ukubeletha kuvame ukuba yedwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi insikazi izale amawundlu amabili. Abanye besifazane babeletha ngezikhathi zonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili. Izinsikazi ezincane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine, abesilisa - iminyaka engu-8.
Ubunzima bomzimba wabo omncane bucishe bube ngu-8.5% uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo sikamama. Abantu abasha babambelela esifubeni sikamama baze bakhule, bese beya emuva. AmaCapuchin amancane afunda ukusinda kubantu abadala abanolwazi. AmaCapuchin amaduna amadala awavamile ukubamba iqhaza ekunakekelweni kwabantwana. Ama-primates asekhulile ashiya iqembu lawo ngemuva kokuthomba.
Izitha zemvelo zamaCapuchin
Isithombe: Inkawu kaCapuchin
OKlebe bavame ukuhamba nezinsikazi lapho besendleleni. AbakwaCapuchin, bezizwa besongelwa, bazama ukuqapha futhi bacashe. Izinyoka ezinkulu nezikebhe nazo zivame ukubamba izinkawu, kepha izinkawu ziyaxwaya kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthola i-boa constrictor noma inyoka, amalungu eqembu akhombisa injabulo futhi azame ukuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Izinkawu zakwaCapuchin zichitha iningi lezimpilo zazo ezihlahleni zemithi, lapho zingathola khona ukudla futhi zicashe ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Phakathi kwezitha zabo zemvelo kukhona:
- boas;
- ama-jaguar;
- oklebe;
- izinkozi;
- o Falconi abakhulu;
- amasofa;
- izinyoka;
- jaguarundi;
- ama-coyotes;
- ama-tayra;
- izingwenya.
Isidlakela esiyinhloko se-capuchin esinqunyiwe ukhozi olungu-harpy, oluye lwabonwa luntshontsha abantu abancane lubase esidlekeni salo. Izinkawu zakwaCapuchin zisebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lwezingcingo zokuxwayisa (amakhwela abukhali) ukwazisa amalungu eqembu uma kunengozi. Umsindo we-purr uzwakala lapho izinkawu zibingelelana.
Abamele bezinhlobo ezingaphambili ezimhlophe bafaka iminwe yabo ekujuleni kweziso lenye i-Capuchin, ngaleyo ndlela bakhombise isimo sobungani. Yize bevame ukusebenzisa izitho zomzimba womlingani wabo ukushaya isitha esivamile nabo. Lokhu kuziphatha kugxilile enkulumweni yamaphuphu asezingeni eliphakeme, kepha futhi ziyaqhubeka njalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal Capuchin
AmaCapuchin kwesinye isikhathi aphanga amasimu, aqothula izitshalo futhi athathwa njengezinkinga emapulazini nakubantu abaseduze.
Ngeshwa, inani lezinkawu zakwaCapuchin lehle kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu:
- Ukuzingela ngokweqile ngabahlali bendawo abadla inyama yabo ukuze badle;
- Ukuhweba ngezilwane;
- Ucwaningo lwesayensi;
- Futhi kwezinye izifunda, seziyivelakancane ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yazo.
Ukubukeka okuhlekisayo kukaCapuchins kukhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuthi babe nazo njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa lezi zilwane ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zasendle. Bangaba nolaka, yingakho izinhlangano eziningi zezenhlalakahle zezilwane zinxusa abantu ukuthi bangazigcini njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Izinkawu zaseCapuchin zibhekwa njengezinobuhlakani kunazo zonke izinhlobo zaseMelika futhi kulula ukuziqeqesha. Ngakho-ke, bazama ukuwasebenzisa ukusiza abantu abaphethwe i-quadriplegia (ukukhubazeka okuncane noma okuphelele kwezitho) emazweni amaningi athuthukile. Kubonakele ukuthi indlela yokufunda yamaCapuchin ihlobene ngqo nomvuzo, hhayi ilukuluku.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngesikhathi somiyane, ama-capuchin agxoba ama-centipedes futhi awagcobe emhlane. Sisebenza njengekhambi lemvelo lokulunywa yizinambuzane.
Ngenxa yokuthi zinezinga eliphezulu lokuzala kanye nokuguquguquka kwendawo ezihlala kuyo, ukulahleka kwehlathi akulithinti kakhulu inani lemfene le-capuchin njengezinye izinhlobo. Kuze kube manje, izinkawu ze-capuchin azikho ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, yize ukuhlukaniswa kwemvelo kuseseyisongo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 14.08.2019 ngo-12: 13
