Isinambuzane esincane esifuna ukwazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, esingahle singathandeki esweni lomuntu, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, sijabulisa izindlebe zethu ngomsindo waso omnandi. Lapho sihamba epaki noma esigcawini sehlathi esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesomile ehlobo, sizwa amakhulukhulu "wezimbungulu" ezejwayelekile ezinegama eliqhoshayo, likhipha imisindo enezingodo ezahlukene nobuningi ikhilikithi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi
Ngokwesimo sethu, kunezinhlobo eziningi zekhilikithi ezivela emndenini wama "crickets wangempela", ogama lakhe lesiLatin nguGryllidae:
- Ikhilikithi yaseMpumalanga Ekude (Oecanthus longicaudus) - ingatholakala eJapan, eChina naseMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia. Igama lesibili lalesi sinambuzane "icilongo lasempumalanga".
- Ikhilikithi yasensimini (Gryllus campestris) iyinhlobo yamakhilikithi e-orthoptera. Zitholakala kanengi e-Asia Minor kanye ne-Western Asia, eSewula ne-Central Europe, emazweni we-Afrika. Zincamela kakhulu amadlelo namasimu anelanga, izindawo ezivulekile elangeni, amahlathi aphayini aphansi, noma iziphi izindawo ezivulekile ngaphansi kwelanga.
- Ikhilikithi yendlu (i-Acheta domesticus) - njengekhilikithi yasensimini, ingeyohlobo lwekhilikithi le-orthoptera. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala enkathini ebandayo yokuhlala kwabantu, kunoma imaphi amakamelo afudumele, izakhiwo ezifudumele zezimboni, amagumbi angaphansi, njll. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo efudumele kuze kube sekwindla efudumele kakhulu, bashiya indawo, nezinye izakhiwo, baye emvelweni. Igama lesibili ikhilikithi yasekhaya.
Kukhona nezinyendle, ngenye indlela zibizwa nangokuthi "izintuthwane ezivamile." Kungokuhleleka kwezinambuzane ze-Orthoptera nezinhlobo zamakhilikithi amancane ezintuthwane. Ngenye indlela, babizwa nangokuthi ikhilikithi edla izidlo. Izinambuzane ezincane nezingenamaphiko. Zibhekwa njengezincane kunazo zonke izinambuzane zekhilikithi. "Izihlobo" eziseduze zekhilikithi yizintethe nezinkumbi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isinambuzane sekhilikithi
Wonke amakhilikithi mancane ngosayizi, kepha ahlukile ekubukekeni kwawo, kuya ngokuthi yiliphi iqembu isinambuzane elikulo.
Ikhilikithi leBrownie, elifinyelela cishe kuma-24 mm ngosayizi. Kunamehlo ezinhlangothini zombili. "Izimpondo ezisekhanda zinde ukudlula isifuba sazo, esisebenza njengomuzwa wokuthinta." Umzimba umbozwe ngento ekhethekile ebizwa nge-chitin. Isiza isinambuzane ukuzivikela ezintweni eziyingozi zemvelo futhi sivimbele ukulahleka kwamanzi.
Ividiyo: Ikhilikithi
Imibala iba mpunga-mpunga, futhi umzimba uqobo unamabala ansundu. Zinamaphiko azisiza zihambe ngejubane eliphezulu. Lapho ezigoqiwe, amaphiko aphumela ngaphandle komzimba uqobo, futhi afana nomsila omude. Amakhilikithi asekhaya awawasebenzisi amaphiko awo.
Banamabhangqa amathathu emilenze, amapheya angemuva made, ngakho-ke ngenxa yabo ikhilikithi ingahamba ngokushesha ibanga elide. Amaphara angaphambili ezinyawo asebenza njengezitho zokuzwa. Ingemuva lomzimba libizwa nge- "ovipositor". Kukhona abesifazane nabesilisa, kodwa bahlukile ngosayizi. Kwabesifazane, i-ovipositor yinde - cishe i-1 kuye ku-1.4 cm, kwabesilisa ingaphansi kuka-3 - 5 mm.
Ikhilikithi yasensimini yehlukile kukhilikithi “wasekhaya” ngosayizi wayo omangalisayo. Usayizi womuntu omdala ufinyelela ku-2,5 cm.Umzimba umnyama nge-brown shades, futhi umbozwe i-gloss. Inhloko iyindilinga ngamehlo nangezimpondo. Yonke enye i- "field bug" ibukeka njengekhilikithi ye-brownie.
Icilongo lasempumalanga likhula lifike ku-1.3 cm. Uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo, lincane kakhulu. Ikhilikithi yesiqu yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi izalela amaqanda eziqu zezitshalo uqobo. Igama lesibili - "icilongo laseMpumalanga" litholwe ngenxa yemvelaphi yalo (iMpumalanga Ekude).
Umbala wehlukile ngemibala yawo ensundu, nemibala eluhlaza. Futhi izimpondo ezinde, amapheya amathathu emilenze, imilenze yangemuva iyona enamandla kakhulu, izimpiko ne-elytra zisobala. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe ucishe ufane nentethe. Amakhilikithi ezintuthwane amancane kakhulu, aze afike ku-5 mm. Azinawo amaphiko, futhi ukubukeka kwazo kufana namaphela asekhaya.
Uhlala kuphi ikhilikithi?
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi otshanini
Indawo yokuhlala kakhilikithi "basekhaya" endaweni enesimo sezulu esifudumele ezinyangeni zasehlobo: amasimu aluhlaza, amadlelo, ama-glades amahlathi avulekile, izindawo zikaphayini ngaphansi kwelanga. Bazimbela umgodi ngomhlathi wabo, lapho bacasha khona lapho isimo sezulu esibi noma ingozi. Lapho beshiya imipheme yabo, beyimboza ngotshani ngokucophelela, bayofuna ukudla.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikhilikithi yasekhaya ifuna indawo yokukhosela ezindlini zezindlu, nakunoma yiziphi izindawo zokuhlala lapho kunemfudumalo khona. Abahlali emafulethini, ngaphandle kwesitezi sokuqala sezindlu ezindala. Amakhilikithi ensimu ahlala kuphela ezifundeni ezifudumele, emadlelweni, emasimini nasemahlathini. Bemba imingxuma yabo emhlabathini ovulekile nomoya-mpilo, ojule ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-25. Lemigodi ibhekwa njengendawo yabo yokucasha. Ngezikhathi zezulu elibandayo, ifihla ubusika njengesibungu nomuntu omdala (esigabeni sesinambuzane esikhulile).
Izinsikazi zingashiya imingxunya yazo ziyofuna umlingani, zimshiye, zimboze ngenqwaba yotshani, kepha abesilisa ngeke bayilahle indawo yabo yokuhlala. Kunalokho, kunalokho, bayamvikela ezihlotsheni zabo, bangene empini lapho kudingeka. Kuvamile ukuthi amakhilikithi asensimini afele "indlu" yawo. Iningi lobukhona bayo, ikhilikithi yasensimini isendaweni yomhlabathi.
Ikhilikithi ejwayelekile ye-stem ihlala eMpumalanga Ekude, emaqeleni eRussia, eningizimu yeSiberia, eCaucasus naseKazakhstan. Ikhetha ukuhlala ngeziqu zezitshalo, izihlahla, amagquma. Isimo sezulu silinda ngaphandle kwamaqabunga emhlabathini.
Amakhilikithi ezintuthwane ahlala emazweni afudumele aseMelika. Zihlala eduze kwezidleke zezintuthwane. Futhi izinkathi ezibandayo ezisuka ku-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi zilinda ezindlini ngokwazo esigabeni sabantu abadala kanye nezibungu. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Yurophu, zitholakala eRussia nase-Ukraine, kunolwazi mayelana nokutholwa e-Italy naseRomania.
Idlani ikhilikithi?
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi yezinambuzane
Ukudla kwekhilikithi kuhluke kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo yabo, bonke badla ukudla kwezitshalo: izimpande namaqabunga ezitshalo, amahlumela amasha otshani, amaqabunga ezihlahlana. Bakhetha izithombo ezincane, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala. Amakhilikithi asemasimini omnivorous, futhi njengoba edinga amaprotheni ngaphezu kokutshala ukudla, adla nezidumbu ezincane zasemhlabeni zezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla.
Amakhilikithi endlu nawo adla ukudla okusele okushiywe ngabantu. Kepha kunikezwa okunye ukuthanda ukudla oketshezi ekhaya. Ama-invertebrate amancane nawo adla izicubu ezithambile nezinama-cadaveric ezinambuzane. “Izinambuzane ezifuywayo zinomqondo onjengokudla abantu. Abantu abadala bangadla izingane kanye nezibungu ezingakafiki ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. "
Amakhilikithi akhuliswe ngokukhethekile ondliwa ngokudla kwezitshalo okunothile impela kumaprotheni. Ukudla kuqukethe: izinsalela zezithelo nemifino, imvuthuluka yesinkwa nokunye okusanhlamvu, iziqongo namaqabunga avela engadini, kanye nenhlanzi nofulawa weqanda. Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, badinga uketshezi, olunikezwa kangcono ngesimo sesiponji esifakwe emanzini. Amakhilikithi anjalo akhuliswa ngqo eMoscow Zoo, ukondla amawadi abo.
Lesi yisinambuzane esingenabungozi, azilumi futhi azikhombisi ulaka emhlabeni obazungezile nakubantu. Bonke ububi babo bungabonakala kuphela kumbangi wabo owele endaweni yakhe evikelwe. Ngakho-ke, akufanele umesabe.
Kepha kunezikhathi lapho, ngokugcwala kakhulu kokhilikithi endaweni, isivuno singalahleka. Lokhu kuphela ngaphandle komthetho, kepha kube nezimo. Futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zezulu, ikhilikithi ingaphindaphindeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi "okuningi". Bese kuthi, njengabasizi, amathuluzi akhethekile azofika kahle azosiza ukuqeda izivakashi ezingamenyiwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi
Isici esigqame kakhulu ikhilikithi esinaso, futhi umuntu kwesinye isikhathi azalele sona "ekhaya", yimisindo emnandi. Zikhipha amasiginali ayingqayizivele, akhethekile namamodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "imiculo" enjalo ishicilelwa kuphela ngabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamasignali. Umsindo ngamunye unencazelo yawo. Ezinye izimpawu zinxusa owesifazane ukuba ahlangane, kuyilapho ezinye zisabisa ongahle abe ngowesifazane. Futhi abanye bakhipha amasiginali, bethandana nomuntu athandana naye, ukuze bamhehe.
Amakhilikithi awakha kanjani umsindo? Ohlangothini lwesokunene lwe- "bug" kunezintambo ezikhethekile zokutshiyoza, zona ezihlikihla uphiko lwesobunxele. Le yindlela umsindo wokukhala wekhilikithi owenzeka ngayo. Izimpiko eziphakanyisiwe zisebenza njengesihlanganisi semisindo. Ukudlidliza okungaphezu kwama-4000 ngomzuzwana kudala amaphiko awo. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zizwakala kahle kakhulu kubantu. Wonke amakhilikithi ehlobo ayakhala, futhi lokhu kungazwakala kahle ngenkathi kusendalweni.
“Ezinsukwini zakudala kwakukholakala ukuthi uma ikhilikithi“ ekhalayo ”ihlala endlini, iletha inhlanhla kumnikazi, imvikele ebubini nasezifweni. Kumantombazane akhulelwe ahlala endlini, lokhu kusho ukuzalwa okulula. Futhi bekungafanele uzilahle. " Namuhla yonke into yehlukile, ababaningi abantu abathanda "abaculi" abanjalo, othile umane azenyanye izinambuzane, kanti ukucula okunjalo kuphazamisa ukulala.
Lesi sinambuzane sithanda ukushisa, ngaphandle kwaso, inqubo yokuzala nokukhula incipha, azisebenzi. Futhi uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ezinombolweni zokususa, lesi sinambuzane simane silalanise.
Ngendlela, kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, amakhilikithi adliwa njengesibiliboco. Abavakashi abaningi abahlala ekuvakasheni banikezwa ukunambitha lesi sinambuzane ohambweni oluya ezimakethe.
Amakhilikithi anendlela ekhethekile yokuphila - owesilisa oyedwa unengxenye ethile yendawo ayilawulayo. Angadonsela abesifazane abaningi, azobabheka njengabakhe kuphela. Into efana ne-harem. Kepha uNkulunkulu akavumeli omunye umuntu wesilisa angene endaweni yakhe - impi iyaqala, lapho kusinda umuntu oyedwa kuphela. Futhi owesilisa onqobayo angadla nembangi yakhe.
AmaShayina, esebenzisa indlela yokuphila - umbango phakathi kwabesilisa, ahlela izimpi zekhilikithi zasensimini. Ikhilikithi eliwina le duel lithola "umvuzo".
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi yasensimini
Zonke izinambuzane emjikelezweni wazo wokuphila zidlula ezigabeni ezintathu: iqanda, isibungu nomuntu omdala (ngenye indlela, imago). Kepha yona kanye inqubo yokukhiqiza amakhilikithi enhlotsheni ngayinye yehlukile ngokwentuthuko, inani lezigaba nesikhathi sokuphila:
Amakhilikithi asensimini - cula "ama-serenade" emnyango wemigodi yawo, ubiza abesifazane abakhwelayo. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhwelana, izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-600 enhlabathini. Izibungu zivela emasontweni ama-2,5 kuya kwangu-4. Lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngemuva kokuba izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni, zi-molt ngokushesha, bese zifana nezimbungulu ezingenamaphiko ezikwazi ukukhasa phansi kuphela.
Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zingachitha izikhathi ezi-8 kulo lonke ihlobo. Ngokushesha nje lapho kungena amakhaza, acasha emigodini yawo, emba imihlathi yawo. Ezindlini, ngemuva kwe-1 - 2 molts, ziphenduka umuntu omdala (imago). Futhi lapho nje bezwa ukufika kokushisa, bakhasa baphume sebebadala, baphinde balungiselele ukuzala. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi iyafa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-1.5.
Ikhilikithi ejwayelekile ibekela amaqanda emifantwini emanzi enhlabathini. Owesifazane oyedwa angabeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-180 ngesizini ngayinye, kepha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kusuka kokungu-28 nangaphezulu, angabeka amahlandla ama-2 - 3 ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwesonto nezinyanga ezi-3 (kuya ngezimo zezulu - ukufudumala, ukubukeka kudlula ngokushesha), ama-nymphs achamisela, nawo awunazimpiko. Badlula ezigabeni eziyi-11 zokukhula kwabo baye kumuntu omdala. Isikhathi semago "yasekhaya" sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-90.
Umgomo wokukhwelana nokubekwa kwamaqanda ekhilikithi esiqu uyafana nezindlela zangaphambilini ezichazwe. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila cishe sinezinyanga ezi-3 - 4. Kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zezulu nasendaweni ehlala lolu hlobo.
Umjikelezo wokubeka amaqanda kuze kube yilapho ukukhula okugcwele kwekhilikithi yabantu abadala kuyiminyaka emi-2. Okude kunazo zonke izinhlobo. Futhi inqubo uqobo iqukethe izigaba ezi-5, ezenzeka ezindunduma. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. "Lolu hlobo lukakhilikithi alukwazi ukucula, ngakho-ke ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqomisana nokufuna isikhathi eside" izithandani ".
Izitha zemvelo zekhilikithi
Isithombe: Ikhilikithi
Amakhilikithi anezitha ezimbalwa. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kuyindoda, ngoba ngokugcwala okukhulu kwezinambuzane, uzoqala ukulwa nazo. Njengoba kungekho ofuna ukulahlekelwa isivuno sabo, abantu baqala ukulwa namakhilikithi ngosizo lwamakhemikhali. Emzileni wethu ophakathi nendawo, lokhu akwenzeki, ngoba ukuze kukhule iningi labo, isimo sezulu esishisayo siyadingeka, esingenaso.
Umuntu usebenzisa amakhilikithi njengesithiyelo sokubamba izinhlanzi ezingandile. Kepha kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia ziyadliwa. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi sinambuzane sisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane - izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlala endlini njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Njengoba amakhilikithi ecebile ngamaprotheni namaprotheni, athathwa njengokudla okubalulekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ngo-2017, iphephandaba lakhuluma ngenkampani yaseMelika eTexas, eyayingokokuqala ukukhipha ukudla okulula okuthosiwe okuqukethe amakhilikithi anezinongo ezinhlanu: usawoti wasolwandle, i-barbecue, ukhilimu omuncu no-anyanisi, njll. ...
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isiqu sekhilikithi
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezudlwana kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ezahlukahlukene zekhilikithi emhlabeni wethu. Bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngesimo sezulu esifudumele selanga, inhlabathi emanzi nezimila. Ngokwemvelo, emazweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwe-subzero, ngokusobala ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlangabezana nesinambuzane "esitshiyozayo".
Umuntu ufunde ngempumelelo ukuzalanisa lezi zinambuzane ekhaya. Ukuze umjikelezo uqhubeke, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela eminingana: izinga lokushisa kanye nobuningi babantu ethangini. Kepha umuntu akanandaba nokuthi isifo esiyingozi sivele kubantu bezinyendle, esibangela i-microsporidium "Nosema grylli".
Esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, sonke isibalo sezinambuzane esisegumbini elilodwa (indawo yokuhlala, iziqukathi, njll.) Zingafa. Izinyendle ziba yindlala, zivuvuke zife. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-nosematosis emindenini enezinyosi.
I-cannibalism, i-molting ethathe isikhathi eside, nokuthambisa kwesikhumba sabo - i-chitin nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwehleni kwabantu. Nge-cannibalism, kuyaqondakala, kepha i-molting ethatha isikhathi eside inegalelo ekulimaleni kwezibungu endaweni ephezulu yabantu, endaweni ehlala abantu. I-Chitin inesibopho sethonya langaphandle lezinto zemvelo kumuntu omdala, ngokulandelana, noma yikuphi ukulimala kuyo, kwandisa ingozi yokufa kwesinambuzane.
Le "vocalist" emangalisayo iyaziwa kwabaningi. Uhlala ngokubambisana nomuntu futhi akayona ingozi ngokuphelele. Ikhilikithi - esinye sezidalwa ezithokozisayo ezingaphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, akufanele umcasule uma uhlangana ngokungazelelwe endleleni yakho. Kwanele ukulalela lokho "acula ngakho" futhi imizwa izovuka yodwa!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.03.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 17.09.2019 ngo-17: 35
