Inaliti yenhlanzi noma inaliti (lat. Syngnathidae) wumndeni ohlanganisa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinosawoti kanye namanzi angenasawoti. Igama lomndeni livela esiGrekini, σύν (syn), okusho ukuthi "ndawonye," kanye no-γνάθος (gnathos), okusho ukuthi "umhlathi." Lesi sici somhlathi ohlanganisiwe sivamile kuwo wonke umndeni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inaliti yenhlanzi
Umndeni unezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-298 zomkhakha ongu-57. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-54 zihlobene ngqo nenhlanzi yenaliti. Inaliti ehlala ngasolwandle enomsila (Amphelikturus dendriticus), edabuka eBahamas, uhlobo oluphakathi phakathi kweziketi nezinaliti.
Kubonakala nge:
- ihlanganiswe i-bursa yenkukhu encane;
- umsila we-prehensile, njengezikeyiti;
- kukhona umphetho we-caudal ofana nezinaliti zasolwandle;
- isifonyo sigobele phansi kancane, nge-engela ka-45 ° ngokuhlobene nomzimba.
Ubukhulu babantu abadala buyahlukahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-2,5 / 90. Zibonakala ngomzimba ovuleke ngokweqile. Ikhanda linesigcwagcwa esifubeni. Umsila mude, futhi uvame ukusebenza njengohlobo lwehange, ngosizo lwabamele bezinhlobo ezinamathela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene nase-algae. Isiphetho se-caudal sincane noma asikho nhlobo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Eqinisweni, igama elithi "needlefish" ekuqaleni lalisetshenziselwa abantu baseYurophu futhi kamuva lasetshenziswa ezinhlanzini zaseNyakatho Melika ngabahlali baseYurophu ngekhulu le-18.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inaliti yezinhlanzi zasolwandle
Izinaliti zasolwandle ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo zangaphandle futhi zishintshe umbala wazo, zijwayele inkangeleko yangaphandle. Banemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi eshintshashintshayo: imibala egqamile ebomvu, nsundu, luhlaza, nsomi, mpunga + kunezinhlanganisela eziningi ezinamabala. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukulingisa kuthuthukiswa ngokweqile. Lapho zintweza kancane emanzini, cishe azihlukaniswa nolwelwe.
Ividiyo: Inaliti Yezinhlanzi
Ezinye izinhlobo zivezwa ngamapuleti ezembatho ezimboze imizimba yazo. Izembatho zempi zenza imizimba yazo ibe lukhuni, ngakho ziyabhukuda, zigcwalise ngokushesha amaphiko azo. Ngakho-ke, zihamba kancane uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi, kepha ziyakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwazo ngokunemba okukhulu, kufaka phakathi ukuzulazula endaweni isikhathi eside.
Ukufuna ukwazi! Kukhona futhi izinaliti zasolwandle ezingenazimpaphe, ezingenazo amaphiko futhi ezihlala ezingcezwini zamakhorali, ezicwila ngama-30 cm esihlabathini se-coral.
Ihlala kuphi inaliti?
Isithombe: Inaliti yenhlanzi yoLwandle Olumnyama
Inaliti ngumndeni wezinhlanzi osabalele otholakala emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlobonhlobo zingatholakala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali, olwandle oluvulekile, nasemanzini angajulile namanzi ahlanzekile. Zitholakala ezilwandle ezipholile nezisendaweni eshisayo emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zihlala emanzini asogwini angajulile, kepha ezinye zaziwa njengabahlali bolwandle abavulekile. Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 oLwandle Olumnyama.
Izinaliti zihlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nezindawo zokuhlala zasolwandle ezingajulile kakhulu noma izilwandle eziphakeme. Eminye imikhakha ifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezitholakala ezindaweni zasolwandle, ezinobumunyu kanye namanzi angenasawoti, kuyilapho eminye imikhakha ivinjelwe emifuleni nasemifudlaneni yamanzi angenasawoti, kubandakanya iBelonion, iPotamorrafis, neXenenthodon.
Inaliti ifana kakhulu nenhlanzi yaseNyakatho Melika (i-family Lepisosteidae) ngokuthi inabile, inemihlathi emide, emincane egcwele amazinyo abukhali, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zezinaliti yizinhlanzi ezibizwa nge-flamboyant kodwa zihlobene kakhulu nabafana bangempela.
Idlani inhlanzi yenaliti?
Isithombe: Inaliti yenhlanzi ku-aquarium
Zibhukuda eduze nobuso futhi zidla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-cephalopods nama-crustaceans, kuyilapho gazinga lingadla ngeplankton. Izikole ezincane zezinaliti ziyabonakala, yize abesilisa bevikela indawo ebazungezile ngenkathi bedla. I-needlefish yisilwane esidla kakhulu esisheshayo esizingela ikhanda laso sitshekele phezulu ukuze lishaye inyamazane ngamazinyo alo abukhali.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo! Inaliti ayinaso isisu. Esikhundleni salokho, isimiso sabo sokugaya ukudla sikhipha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-trypsin ediliza ukudla.
Izinaliti zasolwandle neziketi zinendlela yokudla eyingqayizivele. Banamandla okugcina amandla kusuka ekunciphiseni kwemisipha yabo ye-epaxial, abayikhiphayo. Lokhu kubangela ukujikeleza kwekhanda okushesha ngokwedlulele, kusheshise imilomo yabo iye ezilwaneni ezingalindele. Ngempumulo yayo eyisigaxa, inaliti idonsa inyamazane ebangeni elingu-4 cm.
Fry, umhlathi ongaphezulu mncane kakhulu kunowaphansi. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sobusha, umhlathi ongaphezulu uhlala ungaphelele futhi, ngakho-ke, intsha ayikwazi ukuzingela njengabantu abadala. Ngalesi sikhathi, zondla nge-plankton nezinye izinto ezincane zasolwandle. Lapho umhlathi ongaphezulu usuthuthuke ngokuphelele, izinhlanzi zishintsha indlela ezidla ngayo nezinyoni zazo ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-cephalopods nama-crustaceans.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inaliti yenhlanzi
Inaliti akuyona inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke olwandle futhi hhayi enodlame kakhulu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ibulale izimpilo eziningana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Inaliti ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h bese igxuma iphume emanzini ibanga elide. Bavame ukweqa izikebhe ezincane esikhundleni sokubhukuda ngaphansi kwazo.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinaliti zintanta ngaphezulu kwamanzi, zivame ukubhampa zizungeze imiphongolo yezikebhe ezincane kunokuba zizungeze. Umsebenzi wokugxuma wenziwa ukukhanya ngokufakelwa ebusuku. Abadobi basebusuku kanye nabatshuzi ePacific baye "bahlaselwa" yimihlambi yezinaliti ezijabule ngokuzumayo ezihlose ukuthola umthombo ngejubane elikhulu. Imilomo yawo ebukhali ingadala izilonda ezijulile zokubhoboza. Emiphakathini eminingi evamile yesiQhingi sasePacific, edoba ngokuyinhloko ezixhotsheni ezikebheni eziphansi, izinaliti zibeka ingozi enkulu yokulimala kunoshaka.
Ukufa okubili kukhonjwe ngenaliti esikhathini esidlule. Okokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1977, ngesikhathi umfana oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala waseHawaii edoba noyise ebusuku eHanamulu Bay ebulawa ngenkathi isampuli ende ende engamamitha angu-1.0 kuya ku-1.2 iphuma emanzini yahlaba iso lakhe, yalimaza ingqondo. Icala lesibili liphathelene nomfana oneminyaka engu-16 waseVietnam, okwathi ngo-2007, inhlanzi enkulu yohlobo oluthile, wahlaba inhliziyo yakhe ngesibopho esingamasentimitha ayi-15 ngesikhathi sokuntywila ebusuku ngaseHalong Bay.
Ukulimala kanye / noma ukufa okubangelwa i-needlefish nakho kuye kwabikwa eminyakeni edlule. Umtshuzi osemusha waseFlorida wacishe wabulawa ngenkathi inhlanzi igxuma iphuma emanzini ihlaba inhliziyo yakhe. Ngo-2012, i-kitesurfer yaseJalimane uWolfram Rainers walimala kanzima emlenzeni ngenaliti ngaseSeychelles.
UMeyi 2013 uKitesurfer Ismail Hater wagwazwa wabulawa ngaphansi kwedolo lakhe lapho inaliti yaphuma emanzini ngenkathi i-kitesurfing. Ngo-Okthoba 2013, indawo yezindaba eSaudi Arabia nayo yabika ngokushona kowesilisa osemusha ongagagulwanga negama waseSaudi Arabia owabulawa ukopha okwabangelwa yinaliti kohlangothi lwesobunxele entanyeni yakhe.
Ngo-2014, isivakashi esithile saseRussia sacishe sabulawa ngenaliti emanzini aseduze kwaseNha Trang, eVietnam. Inhlanzi yamluma entanyeni yashiya izingxenyana zamazinyo ngaphakathi komgogodla, yamkhubaza. Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2016, owesifazane wase-Indonesia oneminyaka engu-39 wasePalu, eCentral Sulawesi walimala kakhulu ngesikhathi inaliti engamamitha amahlanu isigxuma yamgwaza ngenhla kweso lesokudla. Wabhukuda emanzini ajulile angama-80 cm eTanjung Karang, okuyindawo edumile yamaholide endaweni yaseDonggal eseCentral Sulawesi. Wabuye wamenyezelwa njengoshonile ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, yize kwakukhona imizamo yokumhlenga esibhedlela sendawo.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, izithombe zosizi lwakhe olwesabekayo zasatshalaliswa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo esheshayo, kuyilapho izingosi eziningi zezindaba zendawo nazo zabika ngalesi sehlakalo, kanti abanye ngephutha bathi ukuhlaselwa kwabakwa-marlin. NgoDisemba 2018, inaliti yayinomthelela ekufeni kwe-cadet yamabutho akhethekile ase-Thai Navy. Ifilimu laseJapan i-All About Lily Chou-Chou inesigcawu esifushane ngezinaliti futhi ikhombisa isithombe sangempela esivela kumhlahlandlela wemvelo owahlaba umuntu phambi kwamehlo akhe.
Umzimba uvuleke kakhulu futhi ucindezelwe kancane. I-dorsal fin ivame ukufakwa phambi kwe-vertical ngokuqala kokuphela kwe-anal. I-greenish-silvery ngaphambili, imhlophe ngezansi. Umugqa wesiliva onomphetho omnyama ugijima eceleni; uchungechunge lwamachashaza amane noma amahlanu (angekho ezinhlwini zezinsana) ezinhlangothini eziphakathi kwamaphiko e-pectoral and anal. Amaphiko emhlane nangendunu anemiphetho emnyama.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inaliti yezinhlanzi zasolwandle
Amalungu omndeni anemodi yokuzala eyingqayizivele, lokho okuthiwa ukukhulelwa kowesilisa. Abesilisa bazalela amaqanda ezindaweni ezikhethekile amasonto ambalwa. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi. Owesilisa ubheka insikazi futhi ancintisane nabanye besilisa lapho efuna owakwakhe.
Ngobuningi bezinhlobo, owesilisa uzala amaqanda "esikhwameni sezingane". Uhlobo lwenkulisa evaliwe lubekwe esiswini ngomsila womzimba. Insikazi ibeka amaqanda lapho ngezingxenye ezincishisiwe. Phakathi nale nqubo, amaqanda avundiswa.
Ukufuna ukwazi! Amaqanda ondliwa ngemithambo yegazi yowesilisa.
Owesilisa ulandela owesifazane ohamba kancane, esembambile, uzoqala ukuthuthumela ngapha nangapha kuze kube yilapho lezi zibhangqwana zihambisana. Owesilisa uthatha isikhundla esincane sokubhekisa phansi, nesinqe sesinqe sihlanganiswe ngaphansi kokuvuleka komoya kwabesifazane. Lezi zithandani ziqala ukuzamazama kuze kuvele amaqanda. Owesifazane ngamunye ukhiqiza cishe amaqanda ayishumi ngosuku.
Ezinalweni, "isikhwama sezinambuzane" esine-longitudinal esinezikhala ezimbili ezinamaphiko amabili ezinhlangothini. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, la ma-valve avaliwe ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela ahlukanisa imibungu emathonyeni angaphandle. Izinhlobo eziningi zifudukela emanzini angajulile ukuzala. Lapho zikhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kwikhulu. Amaqanda achamisela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15, okuholele ekutholeni inaliti eminingi.
Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amafry asesikhwameni isikhashana. Owesilisa, ukuze abavumele baphume, kufanele agobe ngokuqinile umhlane wakhe. Inzalo icasha esikhwameni somzali, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, nasebumnyameni. Bebheka le nqubo, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi owesilisa, uma kungekho ukudla, angadla amaqanda akhe.
Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi zenaliti
Isithombe: Inaliti yenhlanzi olwandle
Imizimba yabo emincanyana, amathambo abuthakathaka kanye nomkhuba wokubhukuda eduze kwendawo kubenza babe sengozini enkulu yezilwane ezizingelayo.
Izinhlanzi ngenaliti, hhayi kuphela ukuzingela izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo, kodwa ngisho nezinyoni:
- oshaka;
- amahlengethwa;
- imikhomo yokubulala;
- izimpawu;
- izinkozi;
- oklebe;
- izinkozi zegolide;
- oklebe
Futhi lolu akulona lonke uhlu lwezilwane ezidla ezinye ezingaphikisi ekudleni izinhlanzi zenaliti.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inaliti yenhlanzi
Ukudoba akunamthelela kubantu. Izinhlobo eziningi zinamathambo amancane amaningi kanti inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okombala. Kunamathuba amancane emakethe ngalo ngoba amathambo aluhlaza nenyama kukwenza kungathandeki ukuwadla. Inani lezinaliti liyachuma futhi akukho zinhlobo zezinaliti ezisengcupheni njengamanje.
Encwadini! Okwamanje, kubikwe ukuthi izidlakela zenaliti zibhekene nokufa kwabantu ababili, kepha imvamisa ayinabungozi kubantu.
Abadobi abaningi abatshuzi nabasebusuku basongela lesi sidalwa bengazi. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kuyivelakancane ngokweqile, kepha i-needlefish ingazilimaza kalula izitho ezifana namehlo, inhliziyo, amathumbu namaphaphu lapho igxuma iphuma emanzini. Uma i- inaliti yenhlanzi kuthintana nezitho ezibalulekile zesitha sakhe, ukufa kumane kube yinto engenakugwenywa kulowo ohlukunyezwayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.03.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/18/2019 ngo-20: 54
