Inja yeRaccoon Ingabe uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo ezibukeka ngaphandle njengama-raccoon. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zinezici eziningi ezifanayo, kepha ziyehluka komunye nomunye ngezici eziningi. Izazi zezilwane zithi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane aziyona izihlobo eziseduze. Inja ye-raccoon ifana kakhulu ne-fox kune-raccoon.
Lesi silwane sinamanye amagama amaningi kuya ngesizinda lapho kuhlala khona - i-raccoon, i-Ussuri raccoon, i-mangut, i-tanuki, neoguri.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inja yeRaccoon
Isilwane simele ummeli wezilwane ezincelisayo. Kunga-oda wezilwane ezidla ezinye, umndeni we-canine, owabelwe uhlobo nezinhlobo zomndeni we-canine. Imvelaphi ngqo nokuvela kwesilwane akukacwaningisiswa kahle. Ngokwezwe, izazi zezilwane zibiza izwe lesilwane izwe laseMpumalanga Asia: Korea, Japan, China, izifunda ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Indochina.
Ensimini yaseYurophu, isilwane savela okokuqala kuma-50s wekhulu le-19. Balethwa endaweni yaseYurophu ngenani lezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngamabomu. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izimo zezulu ezifanelekile zokuphila, kanye nenala yokudla, kuzokwenza uboya besilwane bube ngcono. EYurophu, izilwane zajwayela ngokushesha futhi zafuya.
Ividiyo: Inja yeRaccoon
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, inani lezilwane labonwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu: Sweden, Estonia, Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, France, endaweni yaseCrimea. Ensimini yaseRussia, abantu babhalwa ezifundeni ze-Altai Territory, eNovosibirsk, nase-Irkutsk Region. Noma kunjalo, isimo sezulu sinzima kakhulu, futhi isithwathwa esibi asivumanga ukuthi izilwane zisinde lapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, izilwane zakhetha izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, esipholile njengendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazanga ukufika esivumelwaneni maqondana nemvelaphi yalolu hlobo lwezilwane. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inja ye-raccoon inezici ezifanayo kakhulu nezimpungushe, ngakho-ke, zinezihlobo ezivamile. Abanye bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi ama-mangut nama-raccoon ayesenokhokho abavamile esikhathini esedlule esedlule.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inja ye-Animal raccoon
Ngaphandle, inja ye-raccoon ifana kakhulu ne-raccoon. Kuyisilwane esincane. Ubukhulu bomzimba abuvamile ukudlula usayizi wenja emaphakathi. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala ngamasentimitha angama-65-85. Izilwane zinomsila omude ngokwanele wokwakha kwazo. Ubude bayo ngamasentimitha ayi-15-30. Isisindo somzimba - 5-10 kilograms. Ehlobo, izilwane, njengomthetho, zilahlekelwa isisindo, futhi ngokwindla, kunalokho, ziqoqa amafutha amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ebusika futhi zondliwe kahle.
Ama-raccoons e-Ussuri anomzimba omncane nezitho ezifushane kakhulu. Imilenze yangaphambili neyangemuva ineminwe emine. Iminwe inezinzipho ezinde. Ngenxa yezidladla ezimfushane, umzimba ubonakala uqinile, futhi uqinile kakhulu.
Umlomo wesilwane unwetshiwe kancane. Ngokubukeka nangombala, inja ifana kakhulu ne-raccoon, uma ukude cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa. Isifonyo sihlukaniswa ngamakhala, aqondile. Ikhala lihlelwe imigqa eminingana yamadevu amade. Ikhanda limbozwe ngoboya obude. Isici esivelele ubukhona bezintshebe zamabhodi e-ashy kanye "nezibuko" ezihlukile, okuyimivimbo yoboya obumnyama obuzungeze amehlo. Lezi zici zivumela isilwane ukuthi sihlale singabonakali phakathi kwezimila zehlathi.
Amehlo enja ye-raccoon ayindilinga, ajulile. Kaningi zinombala omnyama noma onsundu ngombala. Ekhanda kunezindlebe ezincane, ezingunxantathu, ezigqamile. Izinwele zesilwane zinde, ziwugqinsi, zishwabene kancane. Ijazi limnyama ngokunsundu noma ompunga ngokumnyama. Kunemivimbo ebusweni eyenza ibukeke njenge-raccoon. Umsila, kunalokho, awunayo imivimbo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Ngokwemvelo kuvame ukutholakala abantu abanombala obomvu, ngaphandle ababonakala befana kakhulu nempungushe, kanye nezinja ezikhanyayo ze-albino, ezicishe zibe mhlophe.
Esiswini, ijazi lilula ukwedlula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kukhona umugqa omnyama endaweni yekholomu lomgogodla. Izinja ze-Raccoon molt kabili ngonyaka. Ekwindla, izinsozi zezilwane, eziqala ngomsila ziye ekhanda. Ngentwasahlobo, kunalokho, kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni.
Ihlala kuphi inja ye-raccoon?
Isithombe: Inja yeRaccoon eRussia
Ummeleli womndeni we-canine uhlala endaweni yamahlathi nezindawo zamahlathi asezintabeni. Sithanda ukuhlala ezigodini nasezizalweni zamachibi amadamu, lapho kunezihlahlana zemihlanga, imihlanga, noma ezinye izitshalo ogwini. Phakathi kwamahlathi, kukhethwa izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-coniferous noma ezine-terrace. Isici esibalulekile yizimo zezulu. Izilwane azigxili ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Izinga lokushisa lonyaka akumele lehle ngaphansi kuka-zero. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lekhava leqhwa ebusika alikho ngaphezu kuka-700-800 mm. Izinja ze-Raccoon zihlala endaweni enkulu. Futhi umbandela obalulekile wokunquma indawo yokuhlala ukuba khona komthombo wokudla.
Izifunda ezindawo ze-Ussuri raccoons:
- IRussia;
- Sweden;
- IPoland;
- IRomania;
- I-Estonia;
- IFrance;
- ILatvia.
Ekuqaleni, izilwane zazihlala esifundeni sase-Amur, esifundeni esisenyakatho neChina, echibini lomfula i-Ussuri, ePeninsula yaseKorea, eziqhingini zaseHokaido naseHandyu. Ngama-30-40s wekhulu lama-20, imboni yoboya yaqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo endaweni ye-USSR. Mayelana nalokhu, amapulazi emfuyo adalwa ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia, lapho izilwane zazifuyelwa khona ukuze zithole uboya obubalulekile. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho izinja zama-raccoon zazingeniswa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu. Basakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu emazweni amaningi.
Emazweni aseScandinavia, i-raccoon ithathwa njengesilokazane nesihlasela izifo eziyingozi. Kunezindlela ezithuthukisiwe nezisetshenzisiwe zokunciphisa umthelela wazo emvelweni. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neRussia, izilwane zazingakwazi ukugxila ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi. Kodwa-ke, abantu sebebaningi ezifundeni zaseYurophu zezwe.
Idlani inja ye-raccoon?
Isithombe: Isilwane senja yeRaccoon
Izinja ze-Raccoon yizilwane ezidlayo futhi umthombo wazo wokudla omkhulu ukudla kwezilwane. Ama-raccoons e-Ussuri ngokuvamile awanelisi futhi anamahloni kakhulu. Ngemuva kwabo kukhona nokuthambekela kokukhohlisa. Izilwane zibhekwa njengezilwane ezicishe zibe ngama-omnivorous.
Yini efakiwe ekudleni kwezilwane:
- Amagundane amancane - ama-gerbils, amagundane, ama-voles;
- Inhlanzi;
- Izinyoni - i-grouse yezinkuni, i-grouse emnyama, ama-woodpeckers, njll.
- Amaqanda ezinyoni;
- Izibungu zezinambuzane;
- Izinambuzane - amabhungane obulongwe, abathandi bamanzi, ababhukudi;
- Izithelo, amajikijolo;
- Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo;
- Ama-Amphibians ayinzuzo yexoxo.
Izinja ze-Raccoon ziyakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kepha kaningi zenzeka eduze nogu lolwandle noma emzimbeni owomile.
Lapho ukudla kwezilwane kungatholakali, lawa ma-canine anganelisa ukulamba kwawo ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza. Lezi kungaba ama-bulbs, amajikijolo, izimpande, imbewu. Bayakujabulela ukudla oats, amantongomane, izithelo, amakhabe. Ukukhethwa komthombo wokudla kuya ngesizini. Konke okungadliwa ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka, izilwane zikudla ngokujabula.
Izinja ze-Raccoon zinamathumbu amade, ama-canine angathuthukile kanye nama-molars acabalele.
Izilwane zingashintsha indawo yazo yokuhlala, zihambise amashumi amakhilomitha amaningi zifuna ukudla. Uma engekho umthombo wokudla, akayideleli imfucuza yokudla kanye nesidumbu, kanye nezinhlanzi ezibolile. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-raccoon azingela izidleke zezinyoni futhi adle amaqanda awo ngobuningi. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, badinga inani elikhulu lokudla ukugcina amafutha anele ebusika. Ngenkathi isilwane singadla cishe noma yini, uhhafu wokudla kufanele kube ukudla kwezilwane.
Ekufuneni ukudla, ama-raccoon ahlola ngokucophelela insimu, abheke ngaphansi kwezihlahla, i-driftwood, i-hemp, kanye namahlathi aminyene. Ebusika, lapho iqhwa liwa, ama-raccoon ase-Ussuri ayamisa uhambo olude efuna ukudla. Imilenze yabo emifushane, emifushane ibhaqeka emabeleni eqhwa, okubavimbela ekuhambeni ibanga elide.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inja yeRaccoon eRussia
Isilwane sihola impilo yokuhlala phansi, sikhetha isifunda esithile. Esikhathini esiningi, indawo yesiza yokuhlala umuntu omdala oyedwa ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-7-11. Isilwane sisishiya kuphela lapho indawo enikeziwe igcwala amanzi ngenxa yezikhukhula zasentwasahlobo, noma uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola inani elanele lokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi izindawo ziyagqagqana. Kodwa-ke, emzameni wokuvikela indawo yazo, izilwane azikhombisi ubudlova.
Umsebenzi nendlela yokuphila ye-raccoon incike enanini lokudla, ukwanda kwezitha endaweni enikeziwe, nezimo zezulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ziba sebusuku kakhulu. Emini icasha emigodini, ebusuku iyahamba izingele noma ifune ukudla. Emini, yena ngenkuthalo uziphatha kuphela ngesikhathi somshado. Uma isikhathi eside isilwane singaboni abantu abaseduze noma izitha ezidlayo, singaba nesibindi futhi siziphathe kahle nangesikhathi semini.
Imvamisa ihamba ngesinyathelo sokuncibilikisa, kwesinye isikhathi iphenduke i-trot. Lapho ingozi isondela, i-raccoon ingagijima igijime, kepha ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu. Amaxhaphozi anamaxhaphozi, kanye nezihlabathi, ukuqwala kweqhwa okujulile kuyinkinga enkulu futhi kuyisithiyo isilwane esingakwazi ukubhekana naso. Idamu kuphela elisiza ukubalekela ukushushiswa endaweni enjalo. I-Ussuri raccoon iyabhukudi elihle kakhulu.
Uhlala ikakhulu emigodini. Ukuphila kungasebenzisa imingcele elahliwe yezinye izilwane. Amatshe amatshe, izihlahla, nemifula emhlabathini omanzi angasetshenziswa njengezindlu. Izinqwaba zamahlamvu, utshani noma utshani kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana. Kungaba nezindlu eziningana ezinjalo zesikhashana. Unomphela, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izindlu zisebenza njengendawo yokukhosela ebusika, indawo yokucwiliswa ebusika, kanye nokuzalwa kwamawundlu. Ubudlelwano obuhlukahlukene bukhula phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Izinhlobo zobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile:
- Ukwakheka kombhangqwana wesikhathi somshado wokuzalisa nokukhulisa inzalo;
- Owesifazane nowesilisa abahlukani unyaka owodwa;
- Izithandani ezihlukumeza abobulili obuhlukile ziboshelwe komunye nomunye kukho konke ukuphila kwazo;
- Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lobudlelwano, isikhathi se-tandem, izilwane zizingela futhi zizama ukuzivikela ezitheni ndawonye.
Ngokumangazayo, ama-Uscouri raccoons yiwona kuphela amalungu omndeni we-canine alala ubusuku bonke. Le mfanelo ibavumela ukuba babekezelele kalula isithwathwa namakhaza asebusika. Iqala phakathi, noma ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ekuqaleni kukaNovemba futhi iphele ngoMashi.
Izilwane ezingakwazanga ukuthola isisindo esanele azifihli ubusika obubodwa, kanye nezakhamizi zalezo zifunda lapho ubusika bufudumele futhi bungaqhwaqhwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inja ye-raccoon yezingane
Isikhathi sokuqala kobudlelwano bomshado sincike ezimweni zezulu zesifunda lapho izilwane zihlala khona. Imvamisa iqala ekuqaleni kukaMashi futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo noma isithwathwa, kudluliselwa esikhathini esizayo ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa. Ngokwemvelo, izidalwa ezinoboya zinomfazi oyedwa. Imibhangqwana idalwa kaningi ekwindla. Abesilisa bavame ukulwela ilungelo lokuhlangana nowesifazane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Lapho zizalanisa ekuthunjweni, zikhombisa ukuba nomfazi oyedwa, futhi owesilisa oyedwa angangena emshadweni nabesifazane abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukushisa kwesifazane kuhlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye kwesonto. Inqubo yokukhwelana yenzeka kakhulu ngezikhathi zomnyama zosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana, abesifazane baqala uku-estrus futhi. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga ezi-2-2.5. Owesifazane oyedwa angazala amawundlu ayisihlanu kuye kwayi-15. Isibalo samawundlu sinqunywa ngesibalo somama. Ukondla, ukuvikela nokukhulisa inzalo kungumsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wabazali, futhi bakwenza ngokulingana. Inzalo izalwa kaningi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Izingane zizalwa zingaboni. Umzimba wabo umbozwe ubumanzi, uthambile futhi ujiyile. Isisindo somdlwane owodwa singama-50-100 amagremu. Lapho kuzalwa, imidlwane yesilisa iba nkudlwana. Amehlo avuleka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10, futhi ngemuva kwamazinyo ama-2-3 aqhuma. Intsha idla ubisi lukamama kuze kube inyanga eyodwa - ezimbili. Kusukela emasontweni amathathu kuya kwamane ubudala, baqala ukudla izinambuzane, izibungu, amaxoxo namagundane, okudliwa ngabazali. Ziyakhula futhi zikhuluphale ngokushesha okukhulu.
Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngezinyanga eziyi-10-11. Isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo siyiminyaka engu-4-6, ekuthunjweni kucishe kuphindwe kabili.
Izitha zemvelo zezinja ze-raccoon
Isithombe: Isilwane senja yeRaccoon
Lapho uhlala endaweni yemvelo, inja ye-raccoon inezitha ezimbalwa. Bangakwazi ukuhlaselwa yizimpisi, ezibhekwa njengezitha eziyinhloko ze-raccoon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lynx, izinja zasendle noma ezilahlekile, nezimpungushe ezindala ziwusongo enanini lezilwane.
Usongo olukhulu kakhulu ezilwaneni ngabantu. Iqeda i-raccoon ngobuningi bayo ngenxa yoboya bayo obuyigugu. Uboya buhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi buningi phansi. Ukuzingela izilwane kuvame ukwenziwa ebusuku, noma ebusika, kulandela amathrekhi eqhweni. Ukuzingela kuvame ukuhilela izinja, okungekho nzima ukuzitholela indawo yokuhlala umhlaseli omncane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inja yeRaccoon
Inja ye-raccoon ibhekwa njengesilwane esivamile, namuhla esingasongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe, izilwane ziyacekelwa phansi ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu noma ukulimala ezikudalayo. Izilwane ezinomhlwenga zithinteka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Izifo zisakazeka ikakhulukazi ebusika. Izilwane zihlushwa ama-parasites, i-piroplasmosis, isifo sofuba, i-canine distemper, amarabi.
I-Ussuri raccoon yisilwane esihle kakhulu. Okwamanje, akukho okusongelayo. Inja yeRaccoon kuvame ukufuywa ngabantu, kwezinye izimo kuze kube lula ukuqeqeshwa. Ukuhlala ekuthunjweni ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokudla okwanele kungaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.03.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 15.09.2019 ngo-19: 04
