Kunezilwane eziningi emvelweni ezazi ukumba imigudu ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, i-excavator edume kakhulu eyaziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni imvukuzane... Lesi silwane esincelisayo sichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yaso ngaphansi komhlaba, okwenziwa lula ukwakheka komzimba okukhethekile namakhono omzimba wemvukuzane. Lokhu ukudalwa okuhlukile kwemvelo okuletha izinzuzo ezingenamibandela kanye nokulimala okukhulu kubantu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mole
Imvukuzane isilwane esincane kakhulu esinamehlo amancane nezidladla eziqinile ezinamandla okudabula imigudu emide engaphansi komhlaba. Amehlo ezinye izinhlobo zezimvukuzane afihlwe ngokuthembekile ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izimvukuzane azinazo izindlebe, zinoboya obushelelezi, obuthambile kakhulu. Umbala wejazi uvame ukuba mnyama, kodwa kukhona nezilwane ezinengubo emnyama empunga.
Izimvukuzane zingaphansi kokuhleleka kwezinambuzane, ezisesigabeni esikhulu sezilwane ezincelisayo. Bayingxenye yomndeni wemvukuzane - lat. Talpidae. Izilwane zathola igama lazo ngesizathu. Ngomqondo ongokoqobo, igama elithi "imvukuzane" lisho ukuthi "umba". Igama livela egameni elithi "dig, dig".
Ividiyo: Mole
Laba bantu abangaphansi komhlaba bangabeka amapaseji amakhulu amamitha ubude. Ngaphansi kwenhlabathi, isilwane sizilungiselela indawo yokulala, sizenzele imigudu ekhethekile esizingela kuyo. Izimvukuzane zikhetha ukuchitha ubusuku emsileni, otshanini noma emaqabungeni. Bayizilwane ezihlakaniphe impela, ngakho-ke "ekamelweni lokulala" bahlala benikeza indawo eyimfihlo yokuhlehla uma kunengozi. Iphaseji elingaphansi komhlaba ligcwele imibhede.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuhamba okuqhubekayo emigwaqweni emincane yobumba kubonakala ekubukekeni kwesilwane. Kancane kancane, imvukuzane isula uboya bayo, ihlale impandla ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, imvelo ibone konke kusengaphambili - izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngonyaka "isikhumba soboya" esisha sikhula ngezimvukuzane.
Futhi, izinsumpa zihlomisa ikhaya labo ngamapaseji angeziwe aya emthonjeni wamanzi. Ezinye izilwane zizakhela imithombo yazo engaphansi komhlaba. Imithombo igcwala amanzi phakathi nezimvula ezinamandla. Ebusika, izilwane ezinjalo zikhetha ukucasha ekujuleni kwenhlabathi. Ekujuleni okukhulu, umhlaba uhlala ufudumele futhi awubandi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Imvukuzane yezilwane
Isici esiyinhloko salezi zilwane ezincane ukungaboni. Uma kubantu nakwezinye izilwane ukungaboni kahle kuyisici esibi, khona-ke kuma-moles kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile futhi kuyisidingo. Ngamehlo ajwayelekile, lezi zilwane zazingeke zikwazi ukuchitha cishe konke ukuphila kwazo ngaphansi komhlaba. Izimvukuzane zinamehlo, kepha ezinhlotsheni eziningi zivikelwe ngokwengeziwe ungqimba lwesikhumba.
Akuzona kuphela izitho zombono ezilungiswa ngokuphelele empilweni yangaphansi komhlaba. Izitho zokuzwa nazo zivumelaniswa nayo. Izimvukuzane azinazindlebe. Lokhu futhi akunikezwa nje yimvelo. Ukube bekukhona ama-auricles, khona-ke ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu ibingakheka kuzo. Ingcindezi enjalo ibingavumi ukuthi isilwane sibe semhlabathini.
Abavubukuli banoboya obuhle kakhulu. Futhi inezici ezithile, ihlukile koboya bezinye izilwane. Ukumbozwa koboya bezimvukuzane kungangena kalula ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Le ndawo ivumela izilwane ukuba zingene emhubheni omncane ongaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umbala woboya uvame ukuba mnyama, nsundu noma mpunga omnyama.
Ukuvela kwezimvukuzane kungabonakala ngamapharamitha alandelayo:
- Ubude besilwane bube ngamasentimitha angaba yishumi nesithupha. Kulezi, umzimba uthatha cishe amasentimitha ayisikhombisa, kuthi okunye kuwele ebude benhloko nomsila.
- Isisindo sesilwane singamagremu ayishumi nanhlanu. Kodwa-ke, abamele umndeni baziwa nangosayizi abakhulu. Isibonelo, ososayensi bahlangane ne-Ussuri Moguera, ubude bayo obungamasentimitha angamashumi amabili nanye.
- Isimo somzimba salesi silwane esincelisayo sinesikwele. Izinsumpa zinekhanda elincanyana nentamo cishe engabonakali. Ama-auricles kumalungu amaningi omndeni awathuthukisiwe, kanti kwamanye amancane kakhulu, ambozwe izinwele. Futhi, izilwane zinekhala ngesimo se-proboscis encane. Inezinwele ezizwelayo. Amakhala aqondiswe phambili.
- Izidladla zesilwane esincelisayo zineminwe emihlanu. Ziyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokumba imigudu emide. Imilenze iqinile, igaxekile. Amabhulashi afana namahalavu, izintende zawo zibheke ngaphandle. Imvukuzane imba imigudu ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili, imilenze yangemuva ayinamandla kangako. Mancane kakhulu futhi afana nemilenze yamagundane.
Ihlala kuphi imvukuzane?
Isithombe: imvukuzane yezilwane zenhlabathi
Amalungu omndeni wemvukuzane asabalele. Bahlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika. Izimvukuzane azikho ngokuphelele eNingizimu Melika. Ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi lezi zilwane zahlala eNyakatho Melika lapho zahlukaniswa neSouth Strait. Izimvukuzane ikakhulukazi zihlala ngobuningi eRussia, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldavia.
Ngokuyinhloko, izinhlobo ezine zemvukuzane zihlala eRussia:
- Impumputhe. Kusatshalaliswa kusuka eCiscaucasia kuye eTranscaucasia. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bavame ukutholakala eTurkey ngisho nasenyakatho ye-Iran. Lesi silwane sihlala ezintabeni, izimfunda eziphakeme, kwesinye isikhathi ezitholakala ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini. Empilweni, ama-moles angaboni akhetha inhlabathi evulekile, emanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zilwane zihlala ndawonye nezinhlobo zaseCaucasus;
- ECaucasian. Ihlala maphakathi nezingxenye ezisentshonalanga yeCaucasus, futhi itholakala kwezinye izindawo zaseTurkey ezingasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Ama-moles aseCaucasus ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ahlabayo, kepha atholakala ngamanani amancane emahlathini asezintabeni. Ekufuneni ukudla, izilwane ezinjalo zingaya ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa. Izindima eziyinhloko zitholakala eduze impela - kude ngamasentimitha amahlanu;
- Isi-Altaic. Inombala wejazi le-monochromatic, esiswini ijazi lilahla. Ukuvela kwama-Altai moles kuhambisana ngokuphelele nemvukuzane. Umzimba wesilwane mkhulu kakhulu, uyindilinga;
- Okuvamile. Leli yiqembu lezimvukuzane ezivame kakhulu. Abamele bayo bangatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene: kusuka emahlathini kuya ezintabeni.
Ukuze uthole impilo ejwayelekile, ama-moles okuzalanisa adinga izimo ezikhethekile. Ngalesi sizathu, bakhetha indawo enomhlabathi omanzi. Ifanele kakhulu ukuthungwa. Isimo sendawo singacishe sibe yinoma yini. Izilwane zithanda isimo sezulu esipholile.
Yini edliwa imvukuzane?
Isithombe: Isinambuzane seMole
Izimvukuzane, nakuba zincane, ziyizilwane ezinamandla kakhulu. Zisebenza ubusuku nemini, kodwa zizingela kaningi kusihlwa. Izilwane zinomzimba omkhulu. Ehlobo, ama-moles adla ngobuningi, kanti ebusika, ukudla kanye nenani elidliwe liyancipha kancane. Izilwane zikhetha ukuhlala nokuzingela zodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunabamele umndeni abahlala ngamaqembu.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwama-moles kuhlala izikelemu. Izilwane ezincelisayo zizidla ehlobo bese zizilalisa ebusika, zilume amakhanda ezibungu, zikhubaze. Izinsumpa nazo zidla izibungu zemisundu yomhlaba, izibungu zamabhungane achofozwayo, iMay mabhungane nezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane. Imvamisa, izimpukane, amacimbi, ama-slugs angena ekudleni kwemvukuzane.
Abamele abakhulu kunabo bonke bomndeni wemvukuzane, amaMoger, bancamela ukuzondla ngezimbungu zovemvane. Izinhlanzi ezinezinkanyezi zidla izakhamuzi ezincane zasemanzini. Bangadla ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane nezinambuzane. Ama-shrews aseMelika afaka ukudla kwezitshalo ekudleni kwabo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imvukuzane encane ingadla inani elikhulu lokudla ngosuku. Isilwane simunca ukudla, okusindayo okulingana nesisindo sesilwane uqobo. Futhi, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziyonga kakhulu. Imvukuzane esidlekeni sayo ingagcina cishe amakhilogremu amabili okudla usuku lwemvula.
Ngosuku olulodwa, inani lokudla lingafinyelela izikhathi eziyisithupha. Ngemuva kokudla okunomsoco njalo, imvukuzane ilala kamnandi. Ukulala kuvame ukuthatha amahora amane. Kungale nkathi yesikhathi lapho ukudla kunesikhathi sokugayeka ngokuphelele. Izilwane azijwayele ukulamba. Ngaphandle kokudla, azikwazi ukuphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayishumi nesikhombisa.
Ukuze uthole isibiliboco esisha. Izinsumpa akudingeki zimba amavesi amasha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bathola ukudla emhubheni wakudala, okungena kuwo izimpethu bodwa. Izikelemu zikhangwa imfudumalo nephunga elikhethekile lezimvukuzane. Ebusika, amalungu omndeni nawo akudingeki alambe. Izibungu zomhlaba azisebenzi kangako. Bayakwazi ukuhamba ngisho nasenhlabathini efriziwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Imvukuzane ejwayelekile
Cishe yonke impilo yemvukuzane idlula ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Bakha ama-labyrinths amahle lapho behlala khona futhi bezingela khona. AmaLabyrinths angalala ezinzulwini ezihlukene emhlabathini. Ukumba kuthatha isikhathi eside esilwaneni. Ngaphezulu kwamaphaseji, atholakala eduze kobuso bomhlaba, ungahlala ubona umqolo oyisici. Ukujula kwama-labyrinths kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Uma ikhululekile, imanzi, ukunyakaza kwenziwa ekujuleni okujulile; enhlabathini eyomile, imigodi imbiwa ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili.
Imigudu ejulile isikwa yizilwane ngaphansi kwezindlela zehlathi. Izidleke nazo zitholakala ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesifazane bahlela izidleke ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Isidleke sifakwe utshani namaqabunga ngokucophelela. Izilwane zingazula ngezikhathi ezithile kusayithi lapho zihlala khona. Ehlobo behlela ezindaweni eziphansi, entwasahlobo - emagqumeni. Entwasahlobo, ama-moles wesilisa angandisa izinto zawo amahlandla amaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokufunwa kwesifazane ukuze kuzalwe.
Isimo sezimvukuzane siyaphikisana. Bayaphikisana, bayaxabana. Kancane kakhulu, izilwane zihlala eqenjini. Zihlangana ngababili kuphela uma kufika isikhathi sonyaka wokukhwelana. Ama-Moles akhombisa ubungane kuphela esemncane. Abantu abasha bayaphathana. Kepha ngenqubo yokukhula, akuveli izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu - ukukhathazeka, ukuzondla.
Abantu abadala bavame ukuhlela izimpi uma behlangana endleleni. Bayakwazi ukuluma ngokungenasihawu kumphikisi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ekuthunjweni, abameleli bomndeni badla inyama yezihlobo zabo ngesifiso esikhulu. Futhi, uzwela aluhambisani nezimvukuzane. Uma umakhelwane wabo engena enkingeni noma efa, abakwazi ukulinda usizo. Izimvukuzane zihlala ngokushesha emhubheni wesilwane esifile bese sizisebenzisela izinhloso zazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isilwane sasendle seMole
Amalungu omndeni wemvukuzane azala kanye ngonyaka.
Kodwa-ke, inani lama-moles nesikhathi sokuzala kuhlukile ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:
- Izinhlobo zaseSiberia ngoJuni. Kodwa-ke, inzalo ivela kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo, entwasahlobo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhulelwa kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisikhombisa. Insikazi izala amawundlu angeqi kwayisithupha ngesikhathi;
- ICaucasian incamela ukushada ngoFebhuwari, kuthi amazinyane emvukuzane avele ngoMashi. Awutholi amawundlu angaphezu kwamathathu ngasikhathi. Inkukhu izimela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amane izelwe. Abamele lolu hlobo bandisa inani labo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba inzalo ibonakala ijule kakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba. Akukho okusongelayo;
- Abalingani baseYurophu entwasahlobo - ngoMashi nango-Ephreli. Ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amane ngemuva kokuhlangana nowesilisa, insikazi izala imvukuzane - cishe abantu abayisishiyagalolunye ngasikhathi. Isisindo sethole elilodwa, njengomthetho, asidluli amagremu amabili;
- Impumputhe. Kuzala ngoFebhuwari okunesikhathi senyanga eyodwa sokuchanyuselwa. Ngesikhathi, insikazi izala cishe abantu abahlanu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokuphila kwemvukuzane sincike ezinhlotsheni zaso. Ngokwesilinganiso, amalungu omndeni aphila kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvukuzane
Isithombe: Isilwane esingaphansi komhlaba seMole
Abamele umndeni wemvukuzane banezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Zingahlupheka kuphela ngezinyoni ezidla inyama, izingulube zasendle, izimbila, ama-martens. Izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukubulawa yisimo sezulu esomile, umswakama ophakeme kakhulu, noma ezandleni zomuntu uqobo. Abantu babulala izilwane ngamabomu noma ngengozi. Abanye bazama ukubamba imvukuzane bese beyifaka ekhaya. Kodwa ukwenza okunjalo futhi kugcina ngokufa kwesilwane.
Futhi, inani elincane labantu abadala libulawa yizidladla zezihlobo zabo. Izimvukuzane zabantu abadala ziyaxabana futhi ziyaxabana, ngakho-ke ukulwa phakathi kwazo akuvamile. Izimpi zivame ukuphela ngokufa komunye wabalwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimvukuzane azinazitha zemvelo ngaphansi komhlaba kuphela. Uma isilwane singakhuphukeli ebusweni bomhlaba, khona-ke akukho lutho olusongela lokho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Mole
Izimvukuzane zisabalele yonke indawo. Azihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezivikelwe. Inani lalezi zilwane alikhathazi kangako. Izimvukuzane ziletha izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza kubantu. Zishintsha ngokuqinisekile ukwakheka komhlaba, ziwuvundise, zenze ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kukhululeke. Futhi, izilwane ziqothula ngempumelelo izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-moles ayizinambuzane zokulima kanye nokulima. Zivame ukulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Ngalesi sizathu, umuntu uphoqeleka ukuthi alwe nezimvukuzane ngosizo lobuthi, izinto ezixosha umsindo nezinye izindlela.
Abamele umndeni wemvukuzane bavame kakhulu ukuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Lezi zilwane zichitha iningi lobukhona bazo emhlabathini, lapho zihlala khona, zondla futhi zizalane. Inani lalezi zilwane okwamanje lizinzile, imvukuzane akubangeli ukukhathazeka phakathi kososayensi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.03.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 15.09.2019 ngo-19: 00
