Ingwe yeqhwa - lesi yisakhamuzi esimangalisayo sezindawo eziphakeme, isilwane esidlayo, esinobuciko, futhi esinomusa kakhulu. Isilwane asibizwa ngeqhwa ngeze. Lona kuphela omele umndeni wekati ohlala ezintabeni, lapho kuneqhwa khona unyaka wonke. Umzingeli ubizwa nangokuthi ingwe yeqhwa, inkosi yezintaba noma ingwe yeqhwa.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngenxa yokufana kokubukeka, babebizwa ngokuthi izingwe zeqhwa, futhi babebhekwa njengabamele uhlobo olufanayo. Kodwa-ke, izingwe zeqhwa azihlobene nezingwe. Zinamandla kakhulu futhi ziyashesha, yize zincane ngosayizi. Ngeshwa, namuhla lesi sidlakela esihle ngokumangalisayo sisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Snow Leopard
Ama-Irbis angabamele izilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama. Bangabomndeni we-feline, bahlukaniswa nohlobo nezinhlobo zezingwe zeqhwa. Umbono wemvelaphi yalomzingeli omangalisayo futhi onomusa kakhulu awukakhiwa.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, abathengisi boboya baseRussia nezingcweti bezwa kubazingeli baseTurkic ngendoda eyisimanga eyayibizwa ngokuthi "irbiz". Ngokokuqala ngqá, izakhamuzi zaseYurophu zikwazile ukubona ikati elixakile ngo-1761. Umcwaningi uGeorges Buffon ukhombise izithombe ezihloniphekile zaseYurophu ngekati lasendle elihle kakhulu. Wanezela izithombe zakhe ngolwazi lokuthi baqeqeshiwe futhi bakhuliswa ukuze babambe iqhaza ekuzingeleni ePersia.
Ividiyo: Irbis
Kusukela lapho, abacwaningi abaningi besayensi kanye nezazi zezilwane babe nentshisekelo ngalesi silo esimangalisayo. Ngo-1775, isazi sezilwane saseJalimane nesazi semvelo uJohann Schreber wabhala wonke umsebenzi wesayensi owawunikelwe emvelaphi nasekuziphendukeleni kwezilwane, kanye nencazelo yokubukeka kwazo nendlela yokuphila kwazo. Kamuva, usosayensi waseRussia uNikolai Przhevalsky wayebuye enze ucwaningo ngempilo yengwe yeqhwa. Kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningi zesayensi, kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo, okusolakala ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi khona kwesilwane esidla ezinye cishe isikhathi esiyisigidi nesigamu.
Izinsalela zokuqala zalesi silwane, okwakungokwezinkomba zeqhwa, zatholakala emngceleni osentshonalanga yeMongolia, e-Altai. Zitholakala esikhathini sePleistocene esedlule. Ukutholwa okulandelayo okubalulekile izinsalela zesilwane esifundeni esisenyakatho yePakistan. Iminyaka yabo ecishe ibe yisigidi nesigamu. Ekuqaleni, izingwe zeqhwa zazibhekwa njengama-panther. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ingwe yeqhwa ne-panther abanazo izici eziqondile ezifanayo.
Lo mmeli womndeni we-feline unezici ezihlukile ezingekho kwamanye amalungu alo mndeni. Lokhu kunikeza izizathu zokuzihlukanisa zibe uhlobo nohlobo oluhlukile. Yize namhlanje kungekho lwazi oluqondile ngemvelaphi yohlobo lwezingwe, ososayensi bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi ingwe neqhwa lalingenabo okhokho abavamile. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo iphakamisa ukuthi bahlukaniswe baba igatsha elihlukile eminyakeni engaphezudlwana kwesigidi edlule.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingwe yeqhwa lezilwane
Ingwe yeqhwa iyisilwane sobuhle obumangalisayo nomusa. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa amamitha angu-1-1.4. Izilwane zinomsila omude kakhulu, ubude bazo bulingana nobude bomzimba. Umsila ubude - 0.8-1 imitha. Umsila udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Izilwane ziyisebenzisela ukugcina ukulinganisela ezindaweni ezinezintaba nokufudumeza imilenze yazo yangaphambili neyangemuva eqhweni naseqhweni. Isisindo somuntu omdala oyedwa singama-30-50 kilograms.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa, noma kunjalo, abesilisa bakhudlwana kunabesifazane. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zinemilenze emikhulu yangaphambili enamaphakethe ayindilinga alinganisa u-1 * 1. Izinyawo zangemuva ezinde zinikeza ukunyakaza okusheshayo phakathi kweziqongo zezintaba kanye nokuxhuma okuhle, okunomusa. Izitho azizide kakhulu, kepha izidladla ziwugqinsi futhi zinamandla. Izidladla zinamazipho ahlehlekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, awekho amamaki ozipho asele eqhweni lapho kudlule khona umhlaseli onomusa.
Isidlakudla sinekhanda eliyindilinga, kodwa esinezindlebe ezincane, ezingunxantathu. Ebusika, azibonakali ngoboya bazo obukhulu, obude. Izilwane zinamehlo acacile, ayindilinga. Ingwe yeqhwa ineziqubu ezinde, ezizacile. Ubude bazo bufinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayishumi nje kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Ingwe yeqhwa inoboya obude kakhulu nobugqinsi, obuyigcina ifudumele ezindaweni ezinzima. Ubude bejazi bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50-60.
Isifunda sekholomu lomgogodla kanye ne-lateral surface yomzimba mpunga, eduze kokumhlophe. Isisu, izitho zangaphakathi nesisu esingezansi kukhanya ngethoni. Umbala oyingqayizivele unikezwa ubumnyama obumise okwendandatho, cishe izindandatho ezimnyama. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zindandatho kunamasongo amancane. Imibuthano emincane kakhulu isendaweni yekhanda. Kancane kancane, kusukela ekhanda, ngasentanyeni nasemzimbeni kuya emsileni, usayizi uyakhula.
Amasongo amakhulu kunazo zonke atholakala entanyeni nasemilenzeni. Ngemuva nasemsileni, amasongo ayahlangana akhe imigqa eguqukayo. Iphuzu lomsila lihlala limnyama. Umbala woboya basebusika ungwevu oshunqayo onombala osawolintshi. Lo mbala ubavumela ukuba bahlale bengaqapheli emadwaleni nasezintabeni zeqhwa. Ngehlobo, ijazi liyakhanya, licishe libe mhlophe.
Ihlala kuphi ingwe yeqhwa?
Isithombe: I-Snow Leopard eRussia
Izilwane zihlala kuphela ezintabeni. Ukuphakama okumaphakathi kwendawo ehlala kuyo kungamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngokufuna ukudla, bangakhuphukela kalula ebangeni eliphindwe kabili leli nani. Ngokuvamile, indawo yengwe yeqhwa ihlukahluka kakhulu. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane ligxile emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi.
Izindawo zeqhwa leqhwa:
- IMongolia;
- Afghanistan;
- EKyrgyzstan;
- Uzbekistan;
- ITajikistan;
- China;
- India;
- Kazakhstan;
- ERussia.
Ezweni lakithi, isibalo sabadli bezilwane eziyizilwane asibaningi. Zitholakala ikakhulukazi eKhakassia, e-Altai Territory, eTyva, eKrasnoyarsk Territory. Lesi silwane sihlala ezintabeni ezifana neHimalaya, iPamirs, iKun-Lune, iSayan, iHindu Kush, ezintabeni zaseTibet, nezinye eziningi. Futhi, izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezivikelekile nezivikelwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi indawo yepaki kazwelonke i-Altushinsky, Sayano - Shushensky.
Esikhathini esiningi, umhlaseli ukhetha indawo yamawa amatshe amakhulu, izigodi ezijulile nezihlahla njengendawo yokuhlala. Ama-Irbis akhetha izifunda ezinesembozo seqhwa esincane. In search of food, it can go down to the woodlands, kepha ichitha isikhathi esiningi endaweni enezintaba. Kwezinye izifunda, izingwe zeqhwa zihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingeqi ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ezifundeni ezifana nommango waseTurkestan, ihlala ikakhulukazi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2,5, kanti e-Himalaya ikhuphukela ebangeni elingamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha nohhafu. Ebusika, bangashintsha izindawo zabo zokuthunyelwa kuye ngezindawo lapho kuhlala khona abantu abangasetshenziswanga.
Insimu yaseRussia ibanga okungekho ngaphezu kwe-2% yendawo yonke yezilwane ezidla ezinye. Umuntu ngamunye omdala uhlala endaweni ekhethekile, engavunyelwe kwabanye.
Idla ini ingwe yeqhwa?
Isithombe: Cat Snow Leopard
Ngokwemvelo, ingwe yeqhwa iyisilwane esidla ezinye. Wondla kuphela ngokudla okuyinyama. Uyakwazi ukuzingela zombili izinyoni nama-ungulates amakhulu.
Yini ukudla:
- Yaki;
- Izimvu;
- Izinyamazane zeRoe;
- Argali;
- Ama-tapir;
- Serau;
- Izingulube;
- Izinyamazane ze-Musk;
- Izimbila;
- Ama-Gopher;
- Hares;
- Kekliki;
- Izimpaphe;
- Amagundane;
- Izimbuzi zezintaba.
Ngesidlo esisodwa, isilwane sidinga ama-3-4 kilograms enyama ukuze sigcwalise ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Ingwe yeqhwa idla ekhaya kuphela. Ngemuva kokuzingela ngempumelelo, ingwe ithwala isisulu sayo iya nayo emgodini bese iyidla kuphela lapho.
I-irbis ingumzingeli oyingqayizivele, futhi ingabulala izisulu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye ekuzingeleni okukodwa. Ehlobo, ingadla amajikijolo noma izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila, amahlumela amancane. Ukuzingela okuphumelelayo, ingwe ikhetha indawo elula kakhulu yokuqamekela. Ukhetha ikakhulukazi izindawo eziseduze nezimpophoma lapho izilwane ziza khona ukuzophuza, kanye nezindlela eziseduze. Ukuhlaselwa ngeqa elibukhali, elisheshayo lombani lisuka ekuqamekeleni. Isilwane esimangele asinaso isikhathi sokusabela futhi siba isisulu somzingeli. Ingwe ivamise ukuhlasela isuka kude ngamamitha ayishumi amaningana.
Isilwane esikhulu ikakhulukazi esihlasela ngokugxuma emhlane bese siluma ngokushesha emqaleni, sizama ukudla noma ukuphula intamo. I-Irbis, njengomthetho, ayinazo izimbangi. Udla inyama entsha, futhi ushiya konke okungadliwanga kwezinye izidalwa noma izinyoni.
Ngezikhathi zendlala, angahla ezintabeni futhi azingele imfuyo - izimvu, indawo yokuhlala, izingulube, njll. Izinyoni, amagundane nezilwane ezincane ziwumthombo wokudla kuphela uma kuneswele esikhulu sezilwane ezinkulu esifundeni lapho kuhlala khona izidumbu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Incwadi Ebomvu Yeqhwa
U-Irbis ukhetha impilo yokuphila yedwa. Umuntu ngamunye omdala ukhetha indawo ethile yokuhlala, okungavunyelwe kwamanye amalungu ohlobo. Uma abanye abantu balo mndeni bengena kule ndawo, kungakhathalekile ubulili, abakhombisi ubudlova obudaluliwe. Indawo yokuhlala yomuntu oyedwa isukela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-20 kuye kwayi-150.
Umuntu ngamunye umaka insimu yakhe ngamamaki ngephunga elithile, kanye nezimpawu zozipho ezihlahleni. Ezimweni zokuphila emapaki kazwelonke, noma eziqiwini, lapho izilwane zilinganiselwe khona endaweni, zizama ukugcina ebangeni okungenani lamakhilomitha amabili ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, izingwe zeqhwa zikhona ngababili.
Isebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Uyaphuma ayozingela entathakusa noma kusihlwa. Imvamisa, wenza umzila othile futhi lapho efuna ukudla kuhamba kuye kuphela. Umzila uqukethe izindawo zokuchelela kanye namadlelo angavuthwa. Enqubweni yokunqoba umzila wakhe, akaphuthelwa yithuba lokubamba ukudla okuncane.
Ingwe yeqhwa inezimpawu zomzila ngamunye. Lokhu kungafaka izimpophoma, imifula, imifudlana, iziqongo zezintaba eziphakeme noma amadwala. Ukudlula komzila okhethiwe kuthatha usuku olulodwa kuye ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlaseli unqoba kusuka kumakhilomitha ayishumi kuya kumashumi amathathu.
Ebusika, lapho ukushuba kwekhava leqhwa kukhula, umhlaseli uyaphoqeleka ukuba anyathele izindlela zakhe ukuze akwazi ukuzingela. Lokhu kungadlala ihlaya elinonya naye, ngoba imizila ebonakala eqhweni nomkhuba wokungashintshi umzila wabo kubenza babe izisulu zabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho. Izilwane ziyakwazi ukwenza isivinini esikhulu futhi, ngenxa yezinyawo ezinde, zeqa ngamamitha ayi-10-15 ubude.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Irbis - lokhu kungukuphela kwelungu lomndeni we-feline, okungajwayelekile ukugquma. Imvamisa benza imisindo yokudweba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ngesikhathi somshado. Ngalo msindo, owakhiwa ukudlula kwenqwaba yomoya ngamakhala, abesifazane bazisa abesilisa ngendawo yabo.
Lo msindo usetshenziswa futhi ukubingelela ngabantu ngabanye. Isimo sobuso nokuxhumana ngqo nakho kuyasetshenziswa njengokuxhumana. Ukuze zibonise amandla, izilwane zivula imilomo yazo kakhulu, ziveze amazinyo azo amade. Uma izilwane ezidla ezinye zisesimweni esihle futhi zinokuthula, zivula kancane umlomo wazo, ngaphandle kokukhombisa amazinyo, futhi zishwabanise nekhala.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Snow Leopard Cub
Izilwane zivame ukuhola indlela yokuphila zodwa. Abantu bobulili obuhlukile baxhumana bodwa phakathi nenkathi yomshado. Ukukhwelana kwabesifazane kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emibili. Izilwane ngokwemvelo ziyindoda eyodwa. Lapho besekuthunjweni noma emapaki kazwelonke nasezindaweni zokongiwa kwemvelo, bangaba nomfazi oyedwa.
Isikhathi somshado sincike kakhulu kusizini. Iqala ngokuqala kobusika futhi ihlala kuze kube maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Abesifazane baheha abesilisa ngokwenza umsindo omude, ocindezelayo. Abesilisa basabela ocingweni. Lapho abantu bobulili obuhlukile betholakala endaweni efanayo, kuziphatha kahle kakhulu. Uphakamisa umsila wakhe ngepayipi bese ehamba azungeze owesilisa. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, owesilisa ubamba insikazi endaweni eyodwa, ebamba izinwele ngamazinyo akhe ngokubuna. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-95-115. Amantshontsho amancane avela phakathi kwentwasahlobo kuye phakathi nehlobo. Imvamisa, owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukuzala amakati angadluli kwamathathu. Ezimweni ezehlukile, amazinyane amahlanu angazalwa. Owesifazane uyahamba ayozala izingane zakhe emihosheni yamatshe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Insikazi yenza uhlobo lomgodi emhosheni, ulwelula phansi ngoboya obuvela esiswini sayo.
Isisindo sekati ngalinye elisanda kuzalwa lingama-250-550 amagremu. Izingane zizalwa ziyizimpumputhe, emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10 amehlo azo evulekile. Baphuma emgodini ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Lapho befika ezinyangeni ezingama-4-5 ubudala, babamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni. Kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, umama ondla izingane zakhe ngobisi lukamama. Lapho esefinyelele ebudaleni bezinyanga ezimbili, amazinyane aqala ukujwayela kancane kancane ukudla okuqinile, okunenyama. Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka emithathu, abesilisa beneminyaka emine. Ngonyaka wokuqala, bagcina ukuxhumana okusondele kakhulu nomama.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane ezidliwayo yiminyaka eyi-13-15 ezimweni zemvelo. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila singakhuphuka size sifike eminyakeni engama-27.
Izitha zemvelo zezingwe zeqhwa
Isithombe: Ingwe enkulu yeqhwa
Ingwe yeqhwa ibhekwa njengesilwane esime phezulu phezulu kwephiramidi lokudla futhi cishe ayinazo izimbangi nezitha. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ubutha obucacile, lapho kufa khona abantu abadala, abantu abanamandla. Umbango phakathi kwezingwe nezingwe kuvamile. Abantu abadala, abantu abaqinile baba usongo ezingwe ezincane zeqhwa ezingavuthiwe.
Usongo olukhulu kakhulu oludalwa ngabantu ababulala izilwane befuna uboya obuyigugu. Emazweni ase-Asia, izakhi zamathambo zivame ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengenye indlela yamathambo engwe ekwenziweni kwemithi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Amantshontsho e-Snow Leopard
Namuhla lesi sidlakela esimangalisayo nesinomusa omkhulu sisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Lesi simo salolu hlobo lwesilwane singenxa yezizathu ezithile ezithile.
Izizathu zokunyamalala kohlobo:
- Indawo yokuhlala yamaqembu ngamanye ezilwane iqhelelene kakhulu;
- Amanani okuzalela kancane;
- Ukuncipha kwesisekelo sokudla - ukwehla kwenani lama-artiodactyls;
- Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho
- Ukuthomba sekwephuze kakhulu.
Ngokwe-World Organisation for the Protection of Animals emhlabeni, kunabantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu kuya kwezi-7. Ezinye izilwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5-2 zikhona ema-zoo naseziqiwini zikazwelonke. Ngokwezibalo ezinzima, inani labantu eRussia lehle ngomuntu oyedwa kwabathathu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Ukushabalala kwalezi zinhlobo nakho kwenziwa lula ukwehla okukhulu kwenani labesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ukuvikelwa kwengwe yesithwathwa
Isithombe: I-Snow Leopard evela eRed Book
Ngenhloso yokuvikelwa, lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezidlayo lubhalwe ku-International Book, kanye naseRed Book yaseRussia, njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Kufakwe eRed Book of Mongolia ngo-1997 futhi kwabelwa isikhundla "sezinhlobo eziyivelakancane kakhulu". Namuhla, ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kwandiswe inani lalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo, amapaki kazwelonke nezindawo ezivikelwe kwenziwa kuzo izilwane ezizalanayo.
Ngo-2000, lesi silwane safakwa kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN ngaphansi kwesigaba sokuvikela esiphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingwe yeqhwa ibhalwe ku-Appendix yokuqala yeSivumelwano Sokuhwebelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zezilwane Nezitshalo.Kuwo wonke amazwe lapho kuhlala khona isilwane, ukuzingela nokubhujiswa kwendoda enhle ngokusemthethweni, ezingeni lomthetho. Ukwephula le mfuneko kwenziwa icala.
Ingwe yeqhwa isilwane esingaqondakali futhi esihle kakhulu. Kuwuphawu lobukhulu, amandla kanye nokwesaba emazweni amaningi. Akujwayelekile ukuthi ahlasele umuntu. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngokuhlukile okungajwayelekile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 15.09.2019 ngo-18: 52
