I-Jaguar - umsindo oziqhenyayo futhi omuhle! Lesi sidlakela esinesibindi sihle ngokungajwayelekile futhi sinomusa, imvelo yaso yobukhosi iyabonakala kuyo yonke iminyakazo nemikhuba. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba lapho ahlala khona, ayikho i-jaguar elingana ngamandla nangamandla.
Ezindaweni zombili zaseMelika, ungummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-feline, futhi emhlabeni jikelele uthatha indawo yesithathu yodumo. Umbono we-jaguar uhlaba umxhwele kangangokuba iphethini yayo yomlingo esikhunjeni sayo ingabukwa unomphela, ibabaze ukuthi ayinakuphikiswa futhi ikhuthazele!
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Jaguar
UJaguar uyisilwane esidla inyama sohlobo lwama-panther nasemndenini wamakati amakhulu. Ungukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-panther, eseluzinzile, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Ukubukeka kwe-jaguar kufana kakhulu nezingwe, kepha eyokuqala inkulu kakhulu.
Ezindaweni ezihlukene, lesi silwane sinikezwa namagama ahlukene. Isibonelo, ama-Hispanics alibiza ngehlosi, yize beyizihlobo ezikude kakhulu. Lona kanye igama elithi "jaguar" ngolimi lwabantu baseNdiya baseQuechua lisho "igazi". Kuvame ukutholakala ngamagama ahlukahlukene nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishwana. Kucatshangwa ukuthi leli gama lifanekisa izilwane ezizingelayo. La maNdiya aqhathanisa abantu abanesibindi nabanesibindi nezinsipho nezingwegwe. Kukhona igama elifanayo elizwakalayo ngolimi lwamaNdiya aseGuarani, lihunyushwa ngokuthi "isilo esibulala ngokugxuma okukodwa."
Ividiyo: Jaguar
Uma sikhuluma ngemvelaphi yalolu hlobo lwe-feline, khona-ke kunemininingwane ethile esekwe kuzindlela ze-paleontology, zikhomba ukuthi ukhokho wokugcina walo mndeni, futhi uyisihlobo esiseduze sengwe enamafu, owayehlala ebangeni elisukela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi edlule.
Izazi ze-paleontologists ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuvela kohlobo ngokwalo kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-3.8 edlule.
Imibono mayelana nezihlobo eziseduze ze-jaguar phakathi kososayensi abahlukahlukene azihambelani; izifundo ze-DNA yesilwane zenziwa kuze kube namuhla. Noma kunjalo, izici ezibalulekile ze-morphological zikhomba ukuthi ingwe ihlobene kakhulu ne-jaguar. Izinsalela zengonyama iBarbary ezingasekho kanye ne-jaguar yaseYurophu, okwakungeyenhlobo yama-panther, kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zazinezimpawu zombili zebhubesi nezejaguar.
Okunye ukuhlaziywa kwamangqamuzana okwenziwe ososayensi kuveze ukuthi izinhlobo zesimanjemanje zamajaguar zavela emuva kwesikhathi kunaleyo imininingwane yokumbiwa ekhonjisiwe, lokhu kwenzeka kusuka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-280 eyedlule. Kumsuka we-jaguar wanamuhla ophila namuhla, kusenokuningi okungaqondakali nokungaqondakali, ngakho-ke ukucwaninga kososayensi akupheli namuhla.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal jaguar
Ukubukeka kwe-jaguar akunakuphikiswa ngempela. Izithombe zakhe, umusa nejazi lakhe elihle loboya kungamonelwa nje. Leli kuphela ikati lohlobo lwe-panther oluhlala eMelika, ubukhulu balo nokubukeka kwalo kuyamangalisa. Lapho ibuna, i-jaguar ingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-80. Umzimba wayo wemisipha ungaba kusuka ku-120 kuye ku-180 cm ubude, ngaphandle komsila, kwesinye isikhathi obude obufinyelela kuma-90 cm.
Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Kunecala elithakazelisayo lokuthi kulowo mbuso oyisilwane kwabhalwa nge-heavyweight yangempela - i-jaguar enesisindo esifinyelela ku-158 kg! Kubonakele ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile zinkulu ngosayizi uma ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla. Kungenzeka, lokhu kuthonywa yinqwaba yokudla, okungaphezulu kakhulu emathafeni, ngoba yonke imihlambi yama-ungulates idla lapho.
Ikhanda le-jaguar likhulu futhi liqinile ngemihlathi enamandla, eyisikwele. Umzimba we-jaguar mncane futhi uncike. Izindlebe - zisemaphakathi, ziyindilinga. Amehlo ayizidlakela ngempela, ayizilwane, ukubukeka kunentando eqinile futhi kuyaqhosha kancane. Izitho zomzimba wesilwane ziqinile futhi zimfushane, imisipha ekuzo yathuthukiswa ngokuphelele, ukubamba namandla abo kuyabonakala ngokushesha. Abagijimi beJaguar nabo bahle kakhulu, lezi zidliwayo zingafinyelela ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km ngehora, futhi zishaya umbani ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngejubane kangangokuthi isisulu asinaso ngisho nesikhathi sokuvuka.
Isikhumba esihle se-jaguar siyintokozo ngombala waso omangalisayo. Uboya bomzingeli bufushane, kepha bukhulu kakhulu futhi buyathandeka ekuthintweni.
Umthunzi wesizinda somzimba ojwayelekile ungaba:
- beige;
- kunesihlabathi;
- ngokubomvu;
- nsundu.
Umzimba wonke ugcwele yonke indawo enamabala amnyama, okuthi kubantu abahlukahlukene abe mncane futhi abe makhulu, abe nombala oqinile noma we-rosette. Kwezinye izibonelo, iphethini inikezwa ngendlela yamasongo. Ubuso bonke be-jaguar busatshalaliswe ngezinhlamvu ezincane ezimnyama ezigqama ngokugqamile uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sokukhanya okujwayelekile. Izindlebe zesilwane zimnyama ngombala futhi zinendawo ekhanyayo phakathi. Ngezansi kwesidumbu se-jaguar kunempunga elula, ecishe ibe mhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-jaguar nawo amnyama, awavamile kangako, lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kohlobo lwe-panther ku-predator. Izibonelo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-melanists. Banamachashaza emajazini abo oboya, kepha ababonakali nakancane uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda samalahle jikelele. Ngokuvamile, amawundlu anjalo azalwa ngabantu abahlala emahlathini. E-zoo yase-Odessa, kwakukhona icala elimangazayo lapho umndeni we-jaguar ku-brood wawunamawundlu amabili ombala ojwayelekile, nepheya elimnyama ngokuphelele. Lawa ama-metamorphoses emvelo!
Ihlala kuphi i-jaguar?
Isithombe: Jaguar Panther
UJaguar uyisakhamuzi saseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Enyakatho, umngcele wendawo ehlala kuyo udlulela emahlathini aseMexico nakwamanye amazwe ase-United States, izilwane zihlala enyakatho yeParaguay nase-Argentina, futhi zitholakala ogwini lwaseVenezuela. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke sezike zabonwa eBrazil, kanti abantu abaningi kakhulu batholakala e-Amazon Valley. Indawo yokuhlala yalesi sidlakela esenziwe ngamakhekhe inciphe kakhulu, kwamanye amazwe (e-Uruguay, e-El Salvador) inyamalale ngokuphelele. Indawo manje embozwe indawo yokuhlala yezilwane icishe ibe yizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye zamakhilomitha-skwele, okucishe kube uhhafu wobubanzi bomlando wazo.
AmaJaguar agcwele izihlahla, indawo eminyene, engahambeki eduze kwamaxhaphozi neminye imizimba yamanzi ithatha usinga; bathanda amahlathi ashisayo, lapho isimo sezulu sinomswakama khona futhi kukhona lapho singacasha khona. Bahlala eduze kwamanzi, ngoba aziwa njengababhukudi abahle kakhulu, futhi akhetha indawo enokhuni, ngoba baphinde bagibele ezihlahleni kahle futhi bathande ukuba wedwa. I-jaguar igwema izindawo ezomile kakhulu; futhi cishe ayitholakali phezulu kakhulu ezintabeni. Kwake kwabonakala i-jaguar ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-4 eCosta Rica, kepha leli cala lihlukile kulomthetho, izidumbu azizibeki engcupheni yokugibela ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili nohhafu.
Ukuze uthole impilo ejabulisayo, engenankathazo futhi ehloniphekile, i-jaguar idinga ukufeza izimo ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuphila:
- elementi yamanzi lapho ehlala khona unomphela;
- ihlathi eliminyene lokufihla ngokuphelele;
- izinqolobane ezinkulu zokudla (ungulates).
Zonke lezi zinto ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe yizona ezijabulisa kakhulu impilo nempumelelo yala makati amakhulu futhi anamandla.
Idla ngani i-jaguar?
Isithombe: Ikati leJaguar
Imenyu ye-jaguar icebile kakhulu futhi yehlukahlukene, yize iqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo, amahlosi namabhubesi, isilwane esinamabala asinakho ukukhetha okuningi kwezilwane ezinezinyawo ekudleni, konke lokhu kungenxa yendawo esihlala kuyo. Ngokuya ngalokhu, ama-jaguar kufanele andise ububanzi bezintandokazi zawo zokudla ngokuhlukumeza ezinye izilwane. Izazi zezilwane zibala ukuthi umhlaseli unezinhlobo zezilwane okungenani ezingama-87 ekudleni, angakunaki ukudla.
Ngokuya ngezindawo lapho ihlala khona unomphela, i-jaguar iyathanda ukuzitika ngama-capybaras, ama-caimans, ama-tapir. Kukhona futhi isilwane esinjalo kumenyu yesilwane esifana nengulube yasendle, njengababhaki. Ikati elinamabala ngeke linqabe kusuka ku-anteater, inyamazane, inhlanzi, izinyoni zamanzi. Amajaguar nawo azingela zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka (ngisho nezinhlwathi), izinkawu, ama-iguana, ama-possum, izimpungushe, amagundane ahlukahlukene, amakhala, ama-otter. Uhlu lungaqhutshwa isikhathi eside, ngoba i-jaguar cishe ayinabaqhudelani bokudla endaweni yayo, ngoba ungowesixhumanisi esiphakeme kakhulu soxhaxha lokudla, akekho umuntu onesibindi sokuphikisana nalesi silwane esinamandla ngenxa yesisulu.
Ngisho nama-armadillos nezimfudu kumenyu ye-jaguar. Akanamahloni ngamagobolondo abo aqinile, ngoba imihlathi yejaguar inamandla kakhulu futhi inamandla amakhulu, aqhekeza izikhali zawo njengama-walnuts. Amajaguar nawo ayathanda ukuba nesidlwana esinamaqanda kofudu, achithe izidleke zawo ngaphandle konembeza. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezidla ezinye zingahlasela imfuyo, kepha lokhu zikwenza njalo.
Ikhono lokuzingela le-jaguar lingafikelwa umona kuphela. Ukufihla okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuqamekela kungabasizi bakhe abakhulu. Isilwane singacasha, ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni eziminyene. I-jaguar ivame ukuqapha izisulu zayo eduze kwezindlela eziholela izilwane emgodini wokunisela. Ukuhlaselwa komzingeli we-feline kuhlala kushesha njengombani futhi kungazelelwe, imvamisa uziphonsa ngemuva noma ohlangothini, eluma entanyeni yesisulu. Imvamisa, ngaphezu kokuminyanisa okuminca, i-jaguar isebenzisa inqubo yokuluma ngogebhezi noma umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho, ngale ndlela umhlaseli ubulala ama-caimans. Umzingeli uzama ukudiliza ama-ungulates amakhulu emhlabathini ngokugxuma okukodwa. Imvamisa ngokuwa okunjalo, isisulu siphuka intamo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma isisulu sathola abaqamekeli be-jaguar futhi sagijimela kude, khona-ke ngeke simfice, yize ijubane lingathuthuka, umhlaseli uzolinda kangcono isisulu esisha, esizofika siphuze nakanjani.
I-jaguar incamela ukuqala ukudla kwayo ngekhanda. Uma inyamazane enkulu ibanjiwe, khona-ke angayidla ngezigaba ezimbili ngekhefu lamahora ayi-10 phakathi kokudla. Amakati anamabala anomusa athanda ukudla okusha, ngakho-ke awanasifiso senyama. Noma i-jaguar ingakaqedi inyamazane yayo, ngeke ibuyele kuyo, kepha izofuna inyamazane entsha.
Lapho izingela, umhlaseli wenza umsindo wokukhononda, wokuduma, nowezikhawu. AmaNdiya akholelwa ukuthi i-jaguar iyakwazi ukulingisa zonke izinhlobo zamaphimbo ezilwane nezinyoni, ibayengele eduze nokuqamekela kwayo. Futhi abaseBrazil bakholelwa ukuthi isilo singabeka izisulu zabo ku-hypnosis, sazi ngokuphelele ukwazi kwabo. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lesi silwane esinamandla sinikezwe isimo esikhethekile nenhlonipho esikweni labantu abahlukahlukene abahlala eMzansi naseMelika Ephakathi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Animal jaguar
Ngokwemvelo, ama-jaguar angabantu bodwa abayiqapha ngokucophelela indawo yabo kunoma yikuphi ukungena. Izilwane ezidla umhlaba zibanzi kakhulu, zingathatha indawo engamamitha-skwele angama-25 kuye kwayi-100. km. Kwabesilisa, kukhulu kakhulu futhi kungangena ezintweni zabesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi abesilisa bavame ukuba neziza ezingunxantathu, kanti ama-jaguar ashintsha indawo yawo yokuzingela njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Endaweni ethile njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi, owesilisa uhlola imingcele yendawo yakhe, enze ukuchezuka ukuze kungabikho enye i-felines (i-cougar, i-ocelot) engenele endaweni yakhe yangasese.
I-jaguar ikhombisa amandla nokusebenza emahoreni kusihlwa naphambi kokuntwela kokusa, okuhola ukuzingela okungakhathali ngalesi sikhathi. I-jaguar izwa kahle emhlabeni nasemanzini. Uma ekuzingeleni umhlaba engathandi ukubamba inyamazane yakhe elahlekile, khona-ke emanzini ukulungele ukukwenza ngenjabulo, ngoba ubhukuda kahle kakhulu. Muhle futhi nexoxo le-dart, izitha zakhe eziyingozi kakhulu, kumqhele wezihlahla nje.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane ezidla ezinye zijabulela ukuphumula ngemuva kokuzingela okukhulu. Imvamisa zitholakala ezindaweni ezipholile ezinokulala, lapho amahlathi aminyene nengaweleki angathatha khona ubuthongo emihumeni, futhi akhe ngaphansi kwamatshe amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, zonke lezi zindawo eziyizintandokazi zitholakala eduze kwamanzi. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yemvula, ama-jaguar kufanele akhuphuke ngaphezulu - emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Esigodlweni se-jaguar kunezinhlobo eziningi zemisindo, ngosizo lwayo axhumana ngayo nabantu bakubo. Izilwane zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha ngemisindo ezenza (owesilisa noma owesifazane) futhi ngasiphi isizathu. Lapho kuzingelwa, kuzwakala umsindo wokukhononda nokugudluka komzimba; ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa babhonga njengama-belugas. Abesifazane futhi bakhipha ukubabaza okwehlukile ngesikhathi se-estrus, imvamisa bekwenza ebusuku kakhulu noma ngezikhathi zangaphambi kokusa.
Uma sikhuluma ngokusebenzisana kwe-jaguar nomuntu, owokuqala akasoze ahlasela abantu ngokwakhe uma lowo muntu enganikezi sizathu esinjalo. Ukungqubuzana kuvame ukwenzeka lapho i-jaguar ivikela yona, ilwela impilo yayo. Inyama yomuntu ayifakiwe kwimenyu yesilwane, ngakho-ke i-jaguar ikhetha ukungazidubi nama-bipeds.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Jaguar Cub
Isikhathi esithile sokukhwelana asikaze sibonwe kuma-jaguar. Ngesikhathi se-estrus, owesifazane ukhombisa ukulungela ukuya ocansini ngosizo lwemisindo ethile namamaki. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka emithathu. Amakati nawo asabela ocingweni lwale ntokazi ngokumemeza okuthile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi azikho izimpi phakathi kwamakati wentokazi yenhliziyo, tk. ukukhetha kungokwakhe ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, insikazi iya endaweni yomkhwenyana wayo, bese iyahlukana iqhubeke nempilo yayo yekati eyedwa.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyikhulu. Lapho ukubeletha kuseduze, umama okhulelwe ubandakanyeka ekuhleleni umhhume, ongatholwa ehlozini eliminyene, emgodini omkhulu oyimfihlo, emhumeni. Imvamisa, kunezingane ezisukela kwezimbili kuya kwezine kudoti. Iphethini kumawundlu ayikaziwa njengakubantu abadala. Engutsheni yoboya yezingane, amabala amnyama ahlukaniswe ngokugqamile abusa. Lapho zizalwa, amazinyane awaboni ngokuphelele futhi awanakuzisiza. Baqala ukubona kuphela umnqamulajuqu wamasonto amabili.
Umama onakekelayo akabavumeli abancane ukuba baphume endaweni yokukhosela inyanga nenyanga emva kokuzalwa. Umama welapha izingane ngobisi zize zibe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, bese eqala ukuzifundisa ukuzingela. Abancane bahlala endaweni kanina kuze kube cishe iminyaka emibili ubudala, bese bezimela ngokuphelele, behlomisa isikhala sabo. Kuyadabukisa ukubona ukuthi amajaguar amaningi asemasha awaphili ngokuthomba ngenxa yephutha lomuntu. Lezi zidlakela zivame ukuhlala endle kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 - 12, ekuthunjweni zingaphila ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zejaguar
Isithombe: Ikati leJaguar
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-jaguar iyisixhumanisi esiphakeme kunazo zonke ochungechungeni lokudla, ngakho-ke cishe ayinazo izitha phakathi kwezilwane ezidlayo endaweni yayo. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho i-jaguar izingela umdlalo omkhulu (ikakhulukazi ama-caimans), inyamazane ingamlimaza kakhulu. Kuke kube nezimo lapho i-jaguar ishone ngesikhathi ilwa nenhlwathi. Amajaguar abuye abe nezimpi ezinamasofa okuthola insimu, noma ngabe isilwane esinamabala sinamandla kakhulu kune-cougar, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sakamuva singamlimaza kakhulu.
Akunandaba ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukukwazi lokhu, izitha eziyingozi kakhulu zejaguar ngabantu abakulungele ukwenza izenzo zonya ngenxa yokuba nesikhumba sezilwane esihle.
Ngaphezu kwezikhumba, abantu banentshisekelo emazinyweni nasezidladleni zalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi bendawo abafuya imfuyo babulala ama-jaguar ngokwesaba imihlambi yabo yabantu abangasetshenziswanga. Abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe baqhubekela phambili bevela kuzo zonke izinkomba, bemunca insimu lapho abahlaseli bahlala khona kusukela endulo, ngakho-ke labo bokugcina kufanele bahlehle, banciphise indawo abahlala kuyo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezibalo zabo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isilwane seJaguar
Esikhathini sethu, umuntu angabona izibalo ezidabukisayo ezikhomba ukuthi inani lamajaguar liya ngokuya lincipha. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho behlangane khona phambilini, izidumbu sezinyamalele. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi ngisho inkosi yehlathi uqobo ayikwazi ukuqukatha amandla omuntu okubhubhisa izilwane eziningi ezihlupheka ngawo.
Unogada weJaguar
Isithombe: Jaguar Red Book
Emuva ngo-1973, ososayensi babona ukuthi ama-jaguar asengozini, khona-ke lesi sidlakela safakwa kwi-International Red Book. Abantu baqala ukuqhuba inkulumo-ze, inhloso yayo kwakungukwenqatshwa kwesintu ezingutsheni zoboya. Bese, okwesikhashana, ukufuneka kwezikhumba zamajaguar kwehla. Yize ukuzingela kungasasebenzi njengakuqala, kusaqhubeka, noma ngabe akukho emthethweni. Emazweni anjengeBolivia, iMexico neBrazil, ukuzingela ngamanani alinganiselwe kusavunyelwe.
Ngaphezu kokudubula okungekho emthethweni, ama-jaguar abhekene nenye ingozi - ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo, okuholela ekufeni kwezilwane eziningi ekudleni komdliwayo. Abesifazane banamazinyane ambalwa nangaphansi, ngoba kunzima kakhulu komama babo ukubondla minyaka yonke.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, abantu bezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika benze amapaki amakhulu kazwelonke ukuze bavikele ama-jaguar. Isivumelwano samazwe omhlaba sikuvimbile ukuthengiswa kwalezi zilwane. Phezu kwazo zonke lezi zinyathelo ezithathiwe, inani labantu be-jaguar liyaqhubeka nokuhla, okuyinto ethusayo futhi edabukisayo kakhulu.
Abantu abaningi bomdabu baseMelika benza i-jaguar ngesibindi, isibindi esimangalisayo, amandla kanye nezikhulu. Izithombe ezibunjiwe zamatshe zalesi silwane esihle zihlobisa ama-altare azo. Amakhosi aseNdiya ayegqoka isikhumba sejaguar njengophawu lwamandla. Kulesi sidlo esimangalisayo, kuhlanganisiwe imiqondo emibili ebonakala ingavumelani, njengamandla amakhulu nobuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa. Kungenzeka, i-jaguar futhi iqiniso linesipho se-hypnosis, ngoba ukumbheka, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzidabule kude!
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.03.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/15/2019 ngo-19: 12
