Isikhova esimhlophe noma esimhlophe, esivela esiLatin "Bubo scandiacus", "Nyctea scandiaca", sihunyushwa njengenyoni yomndeni wesikhova. Kuyisilwane esidla ezinye izilwane ezibandayo futhi kuyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke kulo lonke itundra. Izimpaphe ezifudumele ezifudumele zenza ukuthi le nyoni ikwazi ukujwayela impilo ezindaweni eziqhwa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yamehlo anokuqonda, ukuzingela inyamazane akubonakali kunzima ngisho nasebumnyameni bobusuku obusezindaweni ezibandayo.
Incazelo yesikhova esimhlophe
Izikhova ezimhlophe zithanda ukuhlala kude nabantu, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana nale nyoni kungaba yinhlanhla impela - hhayi wonke umuntu... Isimo nemikhuba yokuzingela yomzingeli yenza isikhova esineqhwa umzingeli omangalisayo ongeke unyamalale ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo. Amehlo abukhali avumela lezi zilwane ukuba zizitholele ukudla ngisho nasezindaweni okungafinyeleleki kalula kuzo.
Ukubukeka
Isikhova esineqhwa singummeleli omkhulu kunayo yonke we-oda lezikhova ezihlala ikakhulukazi kutundra. Ingabonwa ngekhanda layo eliyindilinga ngamehlo aphuzi akhanyayo acwebezela ngokukhanyayo nangobunono bezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinamabala amnyama ajikelezayo. Kwesinye isikhathi umbala wezimpaphe ufana nemivimbo ensundu etholakala ngaphesheya. Abesifazane banamabala ansundu kakhulu emizimbeni yabo, kanti kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa baba nezimpaphe ezimhlophe ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemixube enemibala efanayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yombala okhanyayo wezimpaphe, isikhova esineqhwa sizifihla kahle emigqonyeni yeqhwa esivela esilwaneni saso ukuze sisibambe singalindele futhi sizingele ngempumelelo.
Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane. Ubude, owesilisa angafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-55 - 65. Isisindo sayo sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-2,5 kilograms. Kulokhu, abesifazane banesisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu ama-3, ubude obukhulu bomzimba buqoshwe kumasentimitha angama-70. Izimpiko zalezi zinyoni zingafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-166. Izikhova ezincane azifane ngombala, kanti amaphuphu anezimpaphe ezinsundu. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lumnyama bhuqe futhi lucishe lumbozwe izimpaphe - ama-bristles. Emilenzeni, izimpaphe zifana noboya futhi zakha i- "kosma".
Inhloko yesikhova esineqhwa singazungeziswa ama-degree angama-270, okunikeza umkhakha obanzi wokubuka. Kunzima ukubona izindlebe phakathi kobuningi bezimpaphe, kodwa inyoni inokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Imvamisa yokubona komsindo ifinyelela ku-2 Hertz. Ubungqabavu obubonakalayo besidalwa buphindwe kaningi ngamashumi amashumi kunalokho komuntu. Uyakwazi ukubona inyamazane ngamakhandlela aphansi okukhanya okukude ngamamitha angama-350 ukusuka kuwo. Umbono omuhle kangaka wenza isikhova esineqhwa sibe umzingeli ovelele ngisho nasebusuku be-polar.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izikhova ezinesithwathwa zivame kulo lonke ithonzi. Ngezinsuku ezibandayo zasebusika, zingatholakala emathafeni nasehlathini-itundra ukuthola ukudla. Endabeni yokudla okuncane, inyoni ithanda ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala. Ukufuduka kwenzeka kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba Ezindaweni eziningi eziseningizimu, isikhova singaphila ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMashi.
Okubalulekile! Isimo esidlayo sesikhova sasemadolobheni siheha ezinye izinyoni, eziqaphela ukuthi isikhova sivikela indawo yaso futhi asivumeli izitha lapho. Bazama ukuhlala endaweni yayo yokwakha izidleke, ngethemba lokuthi isikhova sizokwethusa izilwane ezidla ezinye nasezidlekeni zazo.
Isikhova esineqhwa sithanda ukuzingela sihleli egqumeni elincane. Ngisho nosuku olumnyama, angabamba kalula inyamazane yakhe ayithandayo endizeni, ehlose kahle ngaphambi kwalokho. Esimweni esizolile futhi esimweni esihle, umhlaseli wenza imisindo engazelelwe futhi ezolile. Ngezikhathi zenjabulo, izwi liyakhuphuka futhi lifane ne-trill ejiyile. Uma isikhova siyeka ukukhuluma, isikhathi saso sokuzala sesiphelile.
Zihlala isikhathi esingakanani izikhova ezimhlophe
Impilo yesikhova esineqhwa ingahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Endle, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9, futhi ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila singafika eminyakeni engama-28.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ososayensi bahlukanisa indawo yokuhlala isikhova se-polar njenge-circumpolar, okusho ukuthi ikhono laso lokuzivumelanisa nokuphila ezindaweni ezise-Arctic zombili izingxenyana zezwe. Le nyoni ihlala ezindaweni eziyizigaxa zamazwekazi anjenge-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika. Ingatholakala naseziqhingini zase-Arctic zaseGreenland, eNovaya Zemlya, Wrangel, eBering nakwabanye.
Kepha izinyoni zikhetha ubusika ezigxotsheni eziseningizimu. Ngesikhathi sendiza, zifinyelela ngisho nasezindaweni zamahlathi ahlabayo. Ebusika, ukhetha izindawo ezivulekile lapho kungenazindawo zokuhlala. Isikhathi sokundiza nokuzinza phansi sithatha kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Indiza ebuyayo yenzeka ekupheleni kukaMashi, kanti izikhova zibuyela e-Arctic ukuyokhiqiza nokuzala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezimweni ezingavamile, izikhova ezineqhwa zikhetha ukuhlala ebusika ezindaweni lapho zihlala khona. Njengomthetho, izindawo ezinesendlalelo esincane seqhwa noma seqhwa ziba yizindawo zokuhlala kwazo ubusuku bonke.
Ukudla kwesikhova esineqhwa
Izisulu eziyinhloko zesikhova esineqhwa ngamalamulo (amagundane amancane afinyelela ku-80 g isisindo, angomndeni we-hamster). Le nyoni ibuye izingele ama-pikas, ama-hares, ama-hedgehogs, ama-ermine nezinye izinyoni zase-arctic, kanye namazinyane empungushe. Ukudla kufaka nokudla kwasolwandle, amaqanda ezinyoni kanye nesidumbu. Ukuze uthole okwanele, isikhova sidinga ukubamba okungenani amagundane ama-4 ngosuku. Kuvela ukuthi ngonyaka uzodinga cishe izisulu eziyinkulungwane nengxenye.
Izikhova ezineqhwa zizingela kude kude nezidleke zazo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zethusa izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi zingayihlaseli. Le nyoni iyakwazi ukuqapha isidleke sayo ebangeni eliqhele ngekhilomitha elilodwa. Ukuze ubambe ngempumelelo isisulu, isikhova sidinga indawo evulekile ngaphandle kokuqongelela okuqinile kwezitshalo ezinde. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isisulu sibonakala kangcono futhi azikho izingqinamba zokusobamba.
Indlela yokuzingela imi kanje:
- isikhova sihlala egqumeni elincane noma sintanta ngaphezu komhlaba, sifuna inyamazane;
- lapho kuvela into ephumelelayo yokulandela umkhondo, le nyoni icabanga phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, izulazule phezu kwesisulu imizuzwana eminingana;
- selikhethe umzuzu ofanele, lishona lidle inyamazane, lilwe khona lapho ngezinzipho zalo ezinamandla noma ngomlomo.
Izikhova zigwinya izisulu ezincane ziphelele, futhi ezinkulu zidwengula zibe yizicucu ezincane ngosizo lomlomo wazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ibhande lesikhova, uzipho namathambo ebhande lezilwane ezidliwayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izikhova ziqala ukukhwelana ngoMashi... Abesilisa bangabokuqala ukwenza kusebenze. Bahlala ezindaweni abazithandayo futhi benza umsindo omkhulu, ngaleyo ndlela bememezela esifundeni sonke ukuthi le ndawo ayikhululekile.
Uma, noma kunjalo, izimbangi zilinga ukuza endaweni ekhethiwe yokwakha isidleke, kuzoqala ke impi enolaka. Ukuze uhehe umlingani ongaba khona, owesilisa uhlela ukuboniswa, okubandakanya izinhlanga emagqumeni amancane ngasikhathi sinye nama-trill wezwi abukekayo.
Ngemuva kokuheha enye ingxenye, owinile wenza indiza yamanje ngamaphiko aqinile. Ngemuva kwalokho yena, ugcwele, uhamba nowesifazane usuku lonke, ngaleyo ndlela enze uhlobo lokuqomisana. Ingxenye yokugcina yobumbano oluyimpumelelo iyisipho esivela kowesifazane esivela kowesilisa ngesimo segundane elibanjiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengomthetho, imibhangqwana eyakhiwe ihlala ndawonye isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Bakhipha futhi bakhulise izingane ndawonye.
Izidleke ze-Owl ziyizicucu ezincane ezinephansi elithambile nelifudumele. Ubulembu obomile, ubulembu bezinyoni notshani kusetshenziswa njengezinto zokumboza. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda. Kuvela ukuthi izalela amaqanda amhlophe ayisishiyagalombili kuye kwayi-16 ngosuku. Njengoba inani lamakhemikhali landa, inani lamaqanda liphindeka kabili. Ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela amaphuphu, iduna liyazingela. Izingane azichanyeli ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke izinyoni zeminyaka ehlukene zingatholakala esidlekeni. Ababuthakathaka bavame ukufa.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwephuphu lokugcina, insikazi nayo iqala ukundiza iye kozingela. Ukuze ungabi yiqhwa esidlekeni lapho abazali bengekho, hhayi izikhova ezinamaphiko ezihlangana ngokuqinile. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-50 ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa emaqandeni, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza aphume esidlekeni somzali eyedwa. Izikhova ezincane ezineqhwa ziyakwazi ukudala ngazimbili ngokwazo kusuka onyakeni owodwa wokuphila kwazo.
Izitha zemvelo
Izimpungushe ziyizitha zezikhova ezineqhwa, futhi zintshontsha amaphuphu ezikhova khona kanye esidlekeni sazo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izikhova ngokwazo azihambisani nokudla izimpungushe ezincane. Futhi, izimpungushe nama-skuas ahlala endaweni enetundra kuvame ukukhethwa njengezisulu zamantshontsho esikhova angavuthiwe. Isikhova esineqhwa sibheka nabantu njengesitha saso. Ezesilisa zikhala kakhulu lapho abantu besondela endaweni yabo.
Amasu okususa izivakashi ezingamenyiwe angahluka kuye ngesimo. Kwesinye isikhathi umhlaseli ukhuphukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, andizela lapho ehlola izenzo zesitha. Lapho le nto isondela esidlekeni, owesilisa uyayishaya, okwenza ngasikhathi sinye kuzwakale kufana nokukhala kwegwababa, futhi ngokuchofoza usongo ngomlomo. Kwezinye izimo, iduna lihlala phansi futhi licibilika ngokusongela phambi kwengozi esondelayo. Ngokweqa okufishane, usondela esitheni enze imisindo esabisayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izikhova ezibandayo zimelwe yisibalo esincane sabantu... Cishe imibhangqwana engama-50 ingasakazeka ngaphezulu kwamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-100. Indawo yabo eyinhloko i-Wrangel Island. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zidlala indima enkulu ekugcineni uhlelo lwe-Arctic semvelo futhi, ngokujwayelekile, ngemvelo yemvelo ye-tundra.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinhlobo zifakiwe kuSithasiselo II seCITES Convention.
Izikhova ziwusizo ngoba zisekela ukukhula okuzinzile kwamagundane asenyakatho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zakha izimo zezidleke eziphephile zezinye izinyoni, zivikela indawo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
