Ukhozi olusegolide iyinyoni emele uhlobo lwezinkozi. Ubhekwa njengomunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu balolu hlobo. Ihlukaniswe nezinye izinyoni hhayi ngosayizi wayo omangalisayo kuphela, kodwa nangombala wayo othize, okuyisici sezinkozi zegolide kuphela. Le nyoni ebabazekayo enamandla ingena kalula kunoma yiziphi izimo futhi ingaba khona cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Kodwa-ke, cishe akunakwenzeka ukumbona endaweni yakhe yemvelo, ngoba unobuhlakani futhi unobuqili futhi uyakugwema ngazo zonke izindlela ukuhlangana nomuntu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lezinkozi zegolide liyancipha. Le yinhlobo yezinyoni ezisongelwayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Berkut
Izinkozi ezisagolide zingezinyoni ezinjengoklebe, zimele umndeni woKlebe, uhlobo loKhozi, uhlobo lwezinkozi zegolide. Izazi zezilwane namanje azivumelani ngemvelaphi yezinyoni. Kunemibono eminingana yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Okuthandwa kakhulu yimvelaphi yama-dinosaurs. Ososayensi bathi okhokho basendulo bezinyoni ezidla inyama bavela ngesikhathi seJurassic (phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200 nengu-140 edlule).
Ividiyo: Berkut
Sekuyisikhathi eside abacwaningi becabanga ukuthi ama-dinosaurs anezimpaphe - ama-troodontid nama-dromaeosaurids - ayengokhokho basendulo bezilwane ezinamaphiko. Ikhono lokundiza lafika kuma-dinosaurs anezimpaphe ngokwakhiwa kwezihlahla. Ngenxa yezinzipho zazo ezinde nemilenze yangemuva enamandla kakhulu, izibankwakazi ezinezimpaphe ziye zafunda ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni ezinde.
Kodwa-ke, umbono onjalo wabuzwa ngo-1991, lapho abavubukuli bethola izinsalela zezinyoni zasendulo eTexas, ezazibizwa ngokuthi ama-protoavis. Ngokusobala, baphila Emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-230-210 edlule, okungukuthi, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu ngaphambili kune-Archeopteryx. Kwakuyi-protohavis eyayifana kakhulu nezilwane zesimanje. Abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi bonke abalandeli be-protohavis, uma bengezona izihlobo, bangabafowabo nje. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awunabo ubufakazi obuzinzile futhi awusekelwa yibo bonke ososayensi nabaphenyi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Bird Berkut
Ukhozi olusagolide lungezinye zezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama emhlabeni. Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela ku-75 kuye ku-100 cm.Izinyoni zinamaphiko amakhulu - ukusuka ku-170 kuya kuma-250 cm.Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lune-dimorphism yezocansi - abesifazane banethuba lesisindo nobukhulu bomzimba. Isisindo sowesifazane omdala oyedwa sisuka ku-3.7 kuye ku-6.8 kilograms. Umuntu wesilisa unesisindo esisuka ku-2.7 kuya ku-4.8 kilograms. Ikhanda lincane. Inamehlo amakhulu nomlomo ofana nowokhozi ngokubukeka. Iphakeme, iyisicaba ezinhlangothini zombili, futhi ixhunywe phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinkozi zegolide zinamehlo amahle kakhulu. Zinezakhiwo zamehlo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umzingeli uyakwazi ukubona unogwaja osebenzayo ukusuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2000. Ngasikhathi sinye, izigaxa namalensi ahlukahlukene akuvumela ukugcina njalo into isenkambeni yokubuka. Ukuhluka kombono wezilwane ezinamaphiko ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala. Lesi sici siyivelakancane embusweni wezilwane.
Ngenhla kwamehlo okhozi olusagolide, kunamagquma amabhande avikela amehlo enyoni ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo futhi anikeze ukubukeka okwesabekayo. Abamele umndeni we-hawk banentamo emfushane enezimpaphe ezinde.
Kuyathakazelisa! Intamo yesilwane ingazungeza ama-degree angama-270, afana nalawo esikhova.
Izinyoni zinamaphiko amade kakhulu futhi abanzi, ancishisiwe ngasesinqeni somzimba. Iphiko elisakazeka ngesikhathi sendiza linomumo ongu-S. Ukugoba okunjalo kushiwo kubantu abasha. Umsila wezilwane ezidliwayo mude, uyindilinga. Sisebenza njengomgwedli endizeni. Izinyoni zinezitho ezinamandla nezinzipho ezinde kakhulu, ezicijile.
Abantu abadala banezimpaphe ezimnyama. Izinyoni zinsundu ansundu, nsundu, zicishe zibe mnyama. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yephiko, isifuba, i-occiput nentamo ihlukaniswa yimpaphe ekhanyayo, yegolide-yethusi. Amachwane aqanduselwa emaqandeni ambozwe okumhlophe phansi. Izinyoni ezisencane zinombala wezimpaphe omnyama uma kuqhathaniswa nezindala. Isici esihlukile ngamabala amhlophe ezimpikweni, kanye nezimpawu zokukhanya emsileni.
Uhlala kuphi ukhozi olusagolide?
Isithombe: Ukhozi Berkut
Le nyoni ihlala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Ungahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, amathafa, amahlathi, amasimu, ama-steppes, njll.
Izindawo ezihlala indawo yezinyoni:
- Korea;
- EJapan;
- ugu olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika;
- I-Alaska;
- isifunda esiphakathi neMexico;
- okungajwayelekile eCanada;
- EScandinavia;
- IRussia;
- IBelarus;
- Spain;
- Yakutia;
- ITransbaikalia;
- Izintaba;
- AmaBalkan.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izinkozi zegolide zingaba khona yonke indawo, zithanda indawo enezintaba namathafa amakhulu. Izilwane ezinamaphiko zivame ukuhlala kulezo zifunda ezingafinyeleleki kubantu. Izinkozi zegolide zivame ukuhlala emaqeleni, emahlathini, emahlanzeni, emihosheni yemvelo elahliwe, kunoma yiliphi ihlathi, amahlathi aminyene.
Izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi - imifula, amachibi, kanye nezintaba eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-2500-3000. Ngokuzingela, izinyoni zikhetha indawo eyisicaba, evulekile. Endaweni enjalo, kulula kubo ukulandela inyamazane yabo, kanye nangobubanzi bamaphiko amakhulu, izindawo ezingenamkhawulo ziyadingeka. Ukuphumula, izinyoni zikhetha izihlahla ezinde neziqongo zezintaba.
Ensimini yaseRussia, izidlova ezinamaphiko zihlala cishe yonke indawo, kepha kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi umuntu ahlangane nazo. Abantu babangela ukwesaba ezinyonini, ngakho-ke bavame ukuhlala kude nabo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezindaweni zethu, ihlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezingahambeki eNyakatho yeRussia, eBaltic States, eBelarus.
Izinkozi zegolide njengezinye izinyoni zithanda izindawo zasendle, ezingahlali muntu nezizimele. Kungakho behlala lapho abantu bengekho nhlobo khona. Zingahlala eTransbaikalia noma eYakutia, inqobo nje uma izidleke zitholakala ebangeni lamakhilomitha ayi-10-13 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ensimini yezwekazi lase-Afrika, abamele umndeni we-hawk bangatholakala kusuka eMorocco kuya eTunisia, kanye naseLwandle Olubomvu. Esifundeni lapho zihlala khona, kufanele kube nezihlahla ezinde kakhulu izinyoni ezingakha kuzo izidleke zazo.
Ludlani ukhozi lwegolide?
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwegolide lwezilwane
Ukhozi olusagolide luyisilwane esidla ezinye. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla inyama. Umuntu omdala ngamunye udinga eyodwa nohhafu kuya kumakhilogremu amabili enyama nsuku zonke. Imvamisa, ukuze izitholele ukudla, inyoni izingela izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu kunayo. Ebusika noma lapho kungekho mthombo wokudla khona, ingadla izidumbu, amaqanda ezinye izinyoni, nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ingahlasela abantu abagulayo, ababuthakathaka, kanye namachwane namazinyane. Lezi zidlakela zivame ukudla amachwane wezinye izinkozi zegolide (ubuzimuzimu). Uma kungekho ukudla, bayakwazi ukuzila kuze kube amasonto ama-3-5.
Impango yokhozi lwegolide kungaba:
- Amagundane e-Vole;
- Hares;
- Izimpungushe;
- Amadada, amahansi, ama-partridges, izindwandwe, ama-cranes, ama-pheasants, izikhova;
- Izimbila;
- Izimfudu;
- Amaprotheni;
- IMartens;
- Izitaki;
- Izinyamazane zeRoe;
- Izimvu, amathole.
Izinkozi zegolide zibhekwa njengabazingeli abanekhono. Ngokwemvelo banikezwe izitho ezinamandla nezinzipho ezibukhali, ezinde, kanye nomlomo oqinile. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuletha izishayo ezibulalayo kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Izidlakudla ezinezimpaphe azinayo isu elilodwa namasu okuzingela. Umbono ocijile wenza kube lula ukubona inyamazane iphakeme kakhulu futhi uyigcine ibonwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Zingawa njengetshe lapho zihlasela into yokuzingela, noma zikhuphuka ngokuphakama, zenze sengathi ukuzingela akuthakazelisi kubo okwamanje.
Eqinisweni, balinde isikhathi esifanele sokuhlasela. Ezimweni eziningi, izinkozi zegolide azithandi ukuphishekelwa okude, okude. Zihlasela inyamazane yazo ngejubane lombani. Izinyoni zizama ukushaya ngasikhathi sinye igalelo elinamandla, elibulalayo. Uma zizingela inyamazane encane, amagalelo ahanjiswa ngomlomo wazo. Lapho izingela inyamazane ekhudlwana, lesi silwane sigxumela izinzipho ezinkulu kuso, sihlaba isikhumba nezitho zangaphakathi.
Isilwane sibamba amagundane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ngekhanda nangemuva ngezidladla bese zisonta izintamo zazo. Izinkozi zegolide zingabazingeli abanekhono futhi abanamandla. Njengoba sesibe isisulu sokuhlaselwa umzingeli onekhono, isisulu asinalo ithuba lokusindiswa. Ama-Berkuts athanda ukuthatha isisulu kubazingeli abanamakhono kakhulu. Uma kunesidingo sokuhlasela isisulu sosayizi abakhulu ikakhulukazi, bangashayela abafowabo usizo lokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwegolide lwenyoni
Ukhozi olusagolide luthanda ukuziqhelelanisa nale ndawo, eseduze nemizi yabantu. Yize ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babezilawula lezi zidlakela ezinkulu. Ama-Berkuts athanda ukwakha ngazimbili futhi akhe izidleke. Kuthatha isihlahla eside ukwakha isidleke. Ngokuvamile kuyi-pine noma i-aspen. Izinyoni zibhekwa njengendoda eyodwa. Bazikhethela bona futhi bavame ukuba khona kulaba bantu ezimpilweni zabo zonke.
Zivame ukwakha izidleke eziningana, ukusuka kowodwa kuye kwabahlanu, futhi zihlala kuzo ngokushintshana. Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke ngamakhilomitha ayi-13-20. Endaweni yokuhlala eyodwa, abanye abantu abasha abangakakhi pair bangaphila kalula. Izidlakudla ezinezimpaphe zibona indawo enjalo ngokuthula. Indawo ethile ikhethelwa ukuzingela. Ebusika, lapho inani lokudla lincishiswe kakhulu, izinkozi zegolide zandisa indawo yazo yokuzingela.
Izinyoni ziyakwesaba kakhulu ukugxambukela kwabantu endaweni yazo yemvelo. Uma umuntu etholile isidleke sakhe, esiqukethe amaqanda, izinkozi zegolide zivame ukusishiya. Izinyoni zinokuqina namandla amangalisayo. Bazoqhubeka nokulandela isisulu kuze kube yilapho iba yisisulu sabo. Izilwane ezinamandla zinamandla amakhulu. Inyoni eyodwa esikhulile ingaphakamisa umthwalo onesisindo esifinyelela kuma-25 kilograms emoyeni. Amandla ezinyawo ezingezansi avumela abantu abakhulu bempisi endala ukuba bawe intamo. Izinyoni zibonakala ngokukhuthazela, ikhono lokuzingela ngababili, kanye nesimo sokulwa.
Naphezu kobungako bazo, izidlakela ezinamaphiko zivame ukundiza kamnandi kakhulu, zikhuphuke kalula emoyeni futhi zishintshe kakhulu, zishintshe ngokushesha umzila wendiza. Le nyoni ikhethelwa ukuzingelwa kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini, lapho umoya ufinyelela izinga lokushisa elithile futhi kukhululekile ukuthi untante emoyeni. Izinyoni zivame ukwenza umzila othize lapho izinkozi zegolide ezindiza zizungeze impahla yazo zifuna ukudla. Babuye bathande ukukhetha izihlahla zokuqapha, lapho kuvuleka khona umbono omuhle wendawo enkulu. Izindawo lapho izinyoni zizingela khona zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Usayizi wazo usukela ku-140 kuye ku-230 sq. km. Akujwayelekile ukuthi izinkozi zegolide zinikeze izwi; ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ungezwa khona imisindo evela kuzo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukhozi olusagolide lindiza
Izinkozi zegolide ngokwemvelo zithandana ndawonye. Ukwethembeka nokuzinikela kwabashadikazi abakhethiwe kuhlala impilo yonke. Ukukhethwa kwengxenye yesibili kwenzeka eneminyaka emithathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari futhi sihlala cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Imidlalo yokukhwelana yezinyoni ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Abantu besilisa nabesifazane bavame ukukhombisa ubuhle babo, amandla namandla abo. Lokhu kubonakala ngezindiza ezimangazayo. Izinyoni zikhuphuka kakhulu. Zibe sezicwila phansi zelule amaphiko azo amakhulu phambi kwawo kanye umhlaba. Babuye bathambekele ekuboniseni amakhono abo okuzingela. Zidedela izinzipho, zilingise ukufuna nokubamba inyamazane.
Ngemuva kokuba izinyoni sezikhethe umlingani, ziqala ukwakha izidleke futhi zibekele amaqanda. Baqikelela kakhulu ekukhetheni indawo yokwakha isidleke. Imvamisa le yindawo eyimfihlo esihlokweni sezihlahla endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesidleke esisodwa kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5-2, nobubanzi ngamamitha ayi-2.5-3. Yakhiwe ngamagatsha namahlumela, phansi kufakwe amahlamvu athambile nobulembu. Isidleke ngasinye siqukethe iqanda elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Anombala omhlophe ngokumpunga namabala amnyama. Kuyadingeka ukuthi achamusele amaqanda inyanga eyodwa nohhafu. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa ungene esikhundleni sowesifazane, kepha lokhu akuvamile.
Amachwane aqanduselwa emaqandeni ngalinye ngalinye. Amachwane amadala ahlala emakhulu njalo futhi enamandla, futhi azoxosha amancane futhi abuthaka ekudleni okwenziwa yiduna. Ngasikhathi sinye, abazali abazami ukubuyisela ubulungiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, iphuphu elibuthakathaka libulawa indlala. Amachwane achitha cishe izinyanga ezintathu esidlekeni. Bese umama ebafundisa ukundiza. Ukuxhumana namachwane ngesinye sezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi izinyoni zizwakalise amazwi azo. Amachwane asebenekhono lokundiza ahlala esidlekeni kuze kufike intwasahlobo elandelayo. Isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka engama-20. Ekuthunjweni, lesi sibalo singaphindeka kabili.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkozi zegolide
Isithombe: IBerkut Red Book
Ukhozi olusagolide lubhekwa njengesilwane esiphakeme kunazo zonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi endaweni yabo yemvelo abanazitha. Ubukhulu bayo, amandla ayo akuvumeli noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidlayo ukuthi zincintisane nezinyoni.
Umuntu uthathwa njengesitha esiyinhloko sezinkozi zegolide. Ubulala noma aqothule izinyoni, futhi futhi uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezintsha kanye namahlathi, izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi indawo yemvelo yezilwane ezibhubhisayo iyabhujiswa, inani lokudla liyancipha.
Uma umuntu ethola indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni, ziyazishiya izidleke zazo, zihambisa amachwane ekufeni okuthile. Lokhu kuthathwa njengesizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani lezinyoni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Berkut Russia
Namuhla ukhozi olusagolide lubhekwa njengenyoni engajwayelekile, kepha alukho usongo lokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izazi zezilwane ziye zaphawula ukuthambekela kokwandisa inani lazo. Umuntu waba yimbangela yokuqothulwa kwabo. Ngekhulu le-19, badutshulwa kanzima emuva ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwemfuyo nezinye izilwane zasemapulazini. Ngakho, izinyoni zaqothulwa ngokuphelele eJalimane.
Ekhulwini lama-20, ukuqothulwa kwezinyoni ngobuningi kwabangelwa izibulala-zinambuzane, okwathi, ngenxa yokuqongelela, kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abadala nokuguquka kwesikhashana ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokuyeka ukukhula kwemibungu engafakwanga. Futhi, ngenxa yesenzo sezinto eziyingozi, ukutholakala kokudla kwezinyoni kwehliswe ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinkulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinkozi zegolide
Isithombe: Berkut ovela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ukuze kugcinwe futhi kwandiswe inani lezinyoni, lolu hlobo lubhalwe ohlwini lweRed Book. Inikezwe isimo sezinhlobo ezinobungozi obuncane bokuqothulwa. Ensimini yamazwe amaningi, kufaka phakathi iRussia, ukubhujiswa kwezinyoni akuvunyelwe ezingeni lezomthetho. Ukwephulwa kwalo mthetho kubandakanya icala lokuphatha nelobugebengu. Izindawo zokuhlala nezokuhlala izinyoni zithathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kweziqiwi kanye namapaki kazwelonke. Ensimini yeRussian Federation kuphela, izinyoni zihlala eziqiwini ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili.
Izinyoni ziyazijwayela ukuhlala ekuthunjweni, kepha kuyaqabukela zizale. E-United States, kunomthetho ovimbela ukuthunjwa nokuhweba kwezinyoni ezingandile, kanye namaqanda azo. Izinkozi zegolide ziyizilwane ezimangalisayo, ezinamandla amakhulu futhi ezinomusa. Amandla, ubukhulu, indlela yokuphila nemikhuba kudala intshisekelo enkulu nenjabulo. Umuntu kufanele nakanjani enze yonke imizamo yokulondoloza nokwandisa inani lalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02/14/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/18/2019 ngo-20: 26
