Izinyamazane ezinhle Ingabe isilwane esincelisayo esinezinselo esihlukanisiwe esihlala emahlathini aseRussia Ephakathi nasemadolobheni aseNyakatho. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, e-Eurasia, kanye nabantu balezi zinhlobo ezitholakala eNyakatho Afrika.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Umndeni wezinyamazane uCervldae unenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo. Izinyamazane ezibomvu, izinyamazane ze-sika, izimbali zezinyamazane, izinyamazane izinyamazane ezibomvu, izinyamazane ezinkulu zohlobo lwe-gauze, i-Bukhara deer.
Omunye wabamele bokuqala bale nhlobo inyamazane enkulu (Megaceros), nayo le nhlobo ibizwa nangokuthi inyamazane enezimpondo ezinkulu. Lezi zinhlobo zaziphila kusukela ePliocene kuya ePolyanite. Lokhu cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule. Okhokho bezinyamazane zanamuhla babehlala enkabeni ye-Asia. Kusuka kuphi futhi kwasakazeka emhlabeni wonke.
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kwavela amaqembu amancane ambalwa - izinyamazane zohlobo lwentshonalanga. Kulezi zinhlobo, izimpondo zakhula ngendlela yomqhele. Izinyamazane ezibomvu nguyena omele lolu hlobo njengamanje. Futhi uhlobo lwasempumalanga lomuntu ngamunye, izimpondo zabo azinamagatsha. Abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo esikujwayele ukulibona luvele kwi-Paleolithic. Kusukela lapho, ukubukeka kwangempela kwesilwane akukashintshi kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu Incwadi ebomvu
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izinyamazane ezibomvu zibizwa ngokuthi "amakhosi asehlathini". Lesi yisilwane esikhulu impela futhi siqinile. Usayizi wesilisa omdala usuka ku-170 kuye ku-210 cm ubude, ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubuneni kungama-127-148 cm.Isilwane esidala sesilisa sinesisindo esingu-174 -209 kg. Abesifazane balolu hlobo bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Isisindo sezinyamazane ezindala zesifazane sisuka ku-130 kuye ku-162 kg. Ubude bomzimba busuka kumasentimitha ayi-160 kuye kwangama-200. Ukuphakama kowesifazane osekhulile kungamasentimitha ayi-110-130. Izilwane ezincane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala zinesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-120 kg. Abantu abadala balolu hlobo balinganiselwa ku-170 kg.
I-red deer molt yenzeka entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Intwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo yenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukuvuselelwa koboya ekwindla kwenzeka ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, kuya ngesimo sezulu lapho isilwane sihlala khona.
Ividiyo: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Isilinganiso sokulindelwa kwempilo ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-17-18. Ekuthunjweni, izilwane zihlala isikhathi eside, cishe iminyaka engama-24. Inyamazane endala inamazinyo angama-34 emlonyeni wayo. Kulawa, amazinyo angama-20 atholakala emihlathini engezansi, ayi-14 ngaphezulu. Isethi egcwele yamazinyo nokwakheka komhlathi kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingama-24 zokuphila.
Izinyamazane zinejazi eliwugqinsi, umbala ungahluka. Esikhunjeni sezinyamazane, kubekwa uboya obungenalutho, obuvikela umzimba wesilwane emakhazeni, futhi buwuvimbe ukuba ungagodoli ngisho nasezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Kunama-capillaries amaningi egazi emilenzeni yenyamazane, ngakho-ke, yize embozwe ngoboya obuncane, awaqandi. I-Reindeer ingamelana namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-60 degrees Celsius.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane ebomvu?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu zaseCaucasus
Indawo yezinyamazane ezibomvu inkulu kakhulu. Izinyamazane zihlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. ERussia, lawa angamahlathi engxenyeni emaphakathi yezwe, izifunda zaseKaluga naseBryansk. ENyakatho, eYakutia nasezweni lonke laseSokh. UKolyma noKamchatka. I-Ukraine neBelarus, iBaltics.
Kwamanye amazwe yi-Algeria, Morocco, Chile, North Africa, Argentina. Izinyamazane nazo ziyazithanda izindawo ezinotshani obuhle zaseNew Zealand. Inani elikhulu lezinyamazane zalolu hlobo zihlala e-Alaska naseNyakatho Melika. Lezi zinhlobo zikubekezelela kalula ukujwayela. Futhi-ke ithatha izindawo ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zihlala emahlathini axubene nezihlahla ezinamakhasi amaningi. Izinyamazane ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, zidla ukudla kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke zihlala ikakhulukazi lapho lokhu kudla kungatholakala khona. Ngo-1781, ukufuywa kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kwaqala naseRussia.
Zidlani izinyamazane ezibomvu?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu zaseCrimea
Izinyamazane zidla imifino futhi zidla ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kwezinyamazane kufaka phakathi izimila ezinotshani, ubulembu, namahlamvu ezihlahla. Kudliwa amakhowe namajikijolo, ubulembu. Izinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene nezinhlamvu.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, nesembozo seqhwa esiphansi, izinyamazane zingamba amaqabunga awile ngaphansi kweqhwa, zondle amagxolo ezihlahla ezincane nezihlahla. Futhi ama-chestnut nama-acorn, amantongomane ayadliwa. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpande. Izinyamazane zinomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela, futhi ziyakwazi ukuhogela ukudla ngisho nangaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa esisuka engxenyeni yemitha kuya kusisindo semitha.
Abantu abahlala eNyakatho naseTundra bavame ukuntula amaprotheni ngenxa yokudla okuyisidina. I-Yagel nobulembu abukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngakho konke okudingwa ngumzimba wesilwane. Ngakho-ke, izinyamazane zingadla amaqanda ezinyoni, ngisho nezimpondo zazo ezilahliwe.
Inyamazane iyakhasa futhi inqubo yokuphakela ithatha cishe amahora ayi-8. Izinyamazane azidli lapho kushisa. Lezi yizilwane zasebusuku ezingaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyamazane aziwuthandi umsindo, ziyazethusa. Kusihlwa, inyamazane iya emadlelweni nasemadlelweni lapho idla khona cishe ubusuku bonke, kuthi lapho sekuseni isilwane sibuyele lapho sihlala khona, lapho siphumula khona futhi sigaye ukudla.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu ziyakwazi ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile lapho kungekho ukudla endaweni yazo ejwayelekile. Izinyamazana ziyahamba zihamba ngemihlambi emikhulu. Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, imihlambi emincane yezinyamazana ihlangana emhlambini omkhulu. Lolu hlobo lokuqoqa lunikeza i-reindeer ukuphepha namazinga aphezulu okusinda. Uma kunengozi, izinyamazane nazo ziyahlangana zibe imihlambi yazo ukuzivikela kanye nokuvikelana. Phambi komhlambi kukhona umholi, obheka ukuphepha. I-reindeer ingahamba ibanga elide ngaphambi kokuthola indawo yokuthola ukudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu eRussia
Isimo, imikhuba yesilwane nendlela yokuphila ikakhulu kuncike lapho isilwane sihlala khona. Izilwane zasendle zinolaka futhi ziyesaba. Badinga ukuzivikela kanye nomhlambi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ukuze baphile esimweni semvelo esinolaka. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwezinyamazane, ukuzwa ukubhonga komholi, kungcono ukuthi abantu bahambe. Izinyamazane azihlaseli abantu, noma kunjalo, ngeke zesabe ukuzivikela.
Endle, izinyamazane zesilisa zingahlala zodwa, kuyilapho abesifazane behlangana emihlambini emincane. Imihlambi yabesifazane ingabantu abayi-4-7. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyabuthana imihlambi emincane yeduna kanye nezinsikazi eziningana ezinamathole. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa uvela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa baba nolaka. Khohlwa ngokudla nangokudla bese ubheka owesifazane. Izinyamazane ngalesi sikhathi zingakwazi ukukhanda ngezimpondo hhayi omunye wesilisa kuphela, kodwa futhi nowesifazane ongaphindiseli.
Futhi, izinyamazane zesilisa, kungaba ngokufutheka, noma ukuze zikhululeke ezimpondweni ezinzima, zishaye izihlahla ngamandla ngezimpondo zazo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuzwakala ukungqongqoza nokuduma kwabesilisa ehlathini.
Lokhu kwenzeka ebusika, abesilisa bavame ukuziqeda ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhwelana futhi abaningi abasindi ebusika. Iningi lempilo yezinyamazane, njengezinye izilwane, lichithwa ekufuneni ukudla. Uma kunesidingo esikhethekile, izinyamazane zingafika emakhaya abantu zizofuna ukudla.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zisebenzisana kahle nabantu. Ukufuya ama-reindeer kwenziwa kakhulu eNyakatho yezwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe. Umuntu akakwazanga nje ukuthambisa lesi silwane, kodwa futhi nokwenza inyamazane umsizi onomusa. Izimpahla zokuthutha izinyamazane, sebenzani ngokuvumelana emaqenjini. Epulazini, izinyamazane ezibomvu zigcinwa emihlambini emincane. Izinyamazane epulazini zihlala endaweni yokudla kwamahhala, zidinga izindawo ezinkulu.
I-Reindeer inesimo esithuthuke kakhulu sokufuduka okuhlangene, kuze kufike ezingeni lapho ama-reindeer afuywayo ethuthela khona, yize lesi silwane sithamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-reindeer akhuliselwa zombili izinhloso zasekhaya nenyama. IVenison ingukudla okuyisisekelo kwabakhileyo eNyakatho naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Amasiko omphakathi nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Izinyamazana ezibomvu yisilwane somhlambi. Ukuxhumana kalula nabanye abamele lolu hlobo, kuthanjiswe kahle ngabantu.
Izici eziyinhloko zesakhiwo senhlalo sezinyamazane:
- izinyamazane zesilisa zingahlala zodwa;
- abantu besilisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakha izidumbu zabesifazane; Inani labesifazane eliseduze kowesilisa oyedwa lingafinyelela kubantu abangama-20;
- abesifazane empilweni ejwayelekile bahlala ngokwehlukana nabesilisa, ngemihlambi emincane;
- ngesikhathi sokufuduka, umhlambi wonke ulalela umholi. Ukufuduka kungenzeka emabangeni amade impela;
- izinyamazane zihamba ngokushesha futhi zibhukuda kahle.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenyamazane ebomvu
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenkathi ebandayo. Umkhuba uqala ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa balahlekelwa ukuqapha kwabo kwemvelo. Bayakhohlwa ukuphepha, ukudla, babe nolaka. Owesifazane uyakwazi ukuzala eneminyaka engama-2-3. Owesilisa eneminyaka engu-5-7.
Inqubo yokuhlangana kwezinyamazane ayihlali isikhathi eside. Ukukhwelana kuvamise ukwenzeka ngemizuzwana embalwa. Ukukhulelwa kwenyamazane ebomvu kubonakala cishe izinyanga eziyi-8. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ebusika, lapho kunzima ukuthola ukudla, okuyinto enzima impela. Futhi kuthinta kakhulu umzimba kamama. Entwasahlobo, kwesinye isikhathi (kepha kuyaqabukela kakhulu) kuzalwa amawundlu amabili. Lapho izalwa, imidumba inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-7 kuye kwayi-10.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, imidumba ilele inganyakazi otshanini isikhathi esingangesonto, umama wondla ingane yakhe ngobisi, bese eyondla eduze kwaleli litshana. Ukuvikela amachwane ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Ngobusika obulandelayo, ingane izoyeka ukuncela ubisi ijwayele ukudla okujwayelekile. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zivikela inzalo yazo ngomhlambi wonke. Ukuvala izingane ngemizimba yazo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye lapho zihlasela, zingena emihlambini.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane ezibomvu
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu ezivela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Abadliwayo. Izitha eziyinhloko zezinyamazane zasendle ngokuqinisekile ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Okokuqala, lezi yizimpisi. Izinyamazane zezinsikazi zisengozini ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi zondla izingane zazo, kanye nangemva kobusika. Lapho izilwane zikhathele futhi zingakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwezimpisi, izitha eziyinhloko zezinyamazane i-raccoon nezinja zasendle, izimpungushe, ama-lynx, amakati amakhulu ase-Bengal, i-harza namabhere. Ukubalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye, izinyamazane zingakhuphukela eziqongweni, zicashe emanzini.
Izinambuzane. Izitha ezingabonakali. Ngaphezu kwezidliwayo, izinyamazane zisengozini yokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezimunca igazi. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kunezinambuzane eziningi eMpumalanga Ekude naseNyakatho kangangokuba izilwane ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zifuduke. Umuntu. Futhi-ke, abazingeli nabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho bayingozi enkulu ezinyameni. Inyama yezinyamazane iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla komuntu. Kwezinye izindawo, inyamazane ibhekwa njengesidlo esikhulu. Ikakhulukazi izakhamizi zasenyakatho, lapho kungekho lutho ngaphandle kwezinyamazane, inyama yamahhashi nenhlanzi. Ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane kuvunyelwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu iRussia
Isimo sezinhlobo zezinyamazane ezibomvu kwiRed Data Book “yizinhlobo ezinokuncipha kokuncipha”. Ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane akuvunyelwe kuzo zonke izindawo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Inani lezinyamazane ezibomvu belilokhu lehla kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngakho-ke izinyamazane zokuzingela zivunyelwe kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zonyaka. Lokhu ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokwindla nasebusika.
Phambilini, emadolobheni aseYakutia asenyakatho naseTaimyr, bekukhona inani elikhulu lezinyamazane, okube yingozi ezimpilweni zabantu. Izinyamazane zasondela ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi; ebusika, izinyamazane zasendle zaba yingozi kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyamazane zadla izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo ezazingasenakubuya.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lezinyamazane lehle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuye kwafakwa imikhawulo ethile ekuzingeleni. Futhi ngenhloso yezomnotho kanye nokudla, ipulazi lokudoba lihlelwe, lapho izinyamazane ziklanywa khona ngezidingo zabantu.
Unogada wezinyamazane ezibomvu
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Izinyathelo zokugcina inani lalezi zinhlobo:
- ukwenziwa kweziqiqi zemvelo. Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo lapho ukuzingela noma yiziphi izilwane kungavunyelwe. Futhi lezi zindawo zivikelwe nguhulumeni.
- umkhawulo ekuzingelweni kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane. Ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane ezibomvu kuvunyelwe kuphela ngenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika, hhayi kuzo zonke izindawo.
- ukwakhiwa kwamapulazi ezentengiselwano okukhulisa izilwane. Ukuthuthuka kweNyakatho ngumuntu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezolimo. Izinkomo, izimbuzi kanye neminye imfuyo ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimbi zaseNyakatho, futhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuzingelwa okuzenzekelayo kwezinyamazane zasendle, amapulazi okuzalanisa izinyamazane adaliwe. Ukufuya ama-reindeer kuthuthukiswa kabanzi hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu yizilwane ezinomlando omude. Enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu, ezinamandla futhi ezikwazi ukuguqula indlela yokuphila yezilwane. Izilwane zibekezelela kalula izimo zokuphila ezeqise ngempela. Izinyamazane ziyahlangana kalula nabantu, futhi zisabele kahle ekuqeqeshweni.Izinyamazane ezinhle Kuyisimangaliso esikhulu semvelo, ngakho-ke ake silondoloze lo mbono omuhle ndawonye.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-17: 33
