Ibhere laseMalay, ibhele-inja, i-biruang, i-sun bear (i-Helarctos) - wonke lawa ngamagama esilwane esifanayo somndeni wakwaBhele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Malay Bear
Ibhere laseMalay liyisihlobo esikude sawo wonke amabhere amahle ajwayelekile - ama-pandas amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesayizi encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo bonke abamele umndeni webhere, ngoba isisindo sayo asikaze seqe ama-65 kg.
IHelarctos yigama lebhere alinikezwe abantu bendawo futhi laqinisekiswa yizazi zezilwane, lapho elihunyushwa lisuselwa esiGrekini: i-hela yilanga, kanti i-arcto ibhere. Isilwane sathola leli gama mhlawumbe ngoba indawo esesifubeni sayo, enomthunzi osuka kokumhlophe kuye kolintshi okhanyayo, isikhumbuza kakhulu ilanga eliphumayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Biruang
I-biruang, ibhere elincane kunazo zonke ezaziwa yisayensi, inomzimba omude, onobude obungamasentimitha angama-150 ubude, ongadluli kuma-70 cm ukuphakama, futhi unesisindo esisukela ku-27 kuye ku-65 kg. Amabhere wesilisa ngokuvamile makhulu kancane kunabesifazane, hhayi kangako - amaphesenti ayi-10-12 kuphela.
Isilwane sinomlomo omfushane obanzi onamazinyo amakhulu aqinile alengisiwe, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga nezincane, hhayi amehlo abona kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuntuleka kobuciko obubonakalayo emabhere kungaphezulu kokunxephezelwa ngokuzwa kahle nephunga nje.
Lesi silwane sinolimi olunamathelayo nolude olukuvumela ukuthi ludle umuhlwa nezinye izinambuzane ezincane kalula. Izidladla ze-biruang zinde impela, zinkulu ngokungalingani, ziqine kakhulu ngezinzipho ezinde, ezigobile futhi ezibukhali ngendlela ebabazekayo.
Ngaphandle kokubukeka okungenangqondo, ibhere laseMalay linengubo enhle kakhulu - emfushane, ngisho, ecwebezelayo, enombala omnyama onenhlaka enezinto ezingangeni amanzi namamaki ansundu ngokubomvu ezinhlangothini, isifonyo kanye nendawo yokukhanya ephikisayo esifubeni.
Lihlala kuphi ibhele laseMalay?
Isithombe: Biruang, noma ibhere laseMalay
Amabhere aseMalay ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, emathafeni anamaxhaphozi nasezintabeni eziseziqhingini zaseBorneo, iSumatra neJava, e-Indochina Peninsula, eNdiya (engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga), e-Indonesia, eThailand futhi aphila impilo eyedwa ngaphandle kwamabhere anamazinyane izikhathi lapho ukukhwelana kwenzeka.
Idliwa yini ibhele laseMalay?
Isithombe: Ibhere laseMalay elivela eRed Book
Yize amabhere aseMalay abhekwa njengezilwane ezidla ezinye - azingela amagundane amancane, amagundane, ama-voles, izibankwa nezinyoni, angaba ama-omnivores, ngoba awalokothi adelele izidumbu kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla kwezinye izilwane ezinkulu.
Futhi kwimenyu yabo kunenqwaba:
- umuhlwa;
- izintuthwane;
- izinyosi (zasendle) noju lwazo;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- izithelo zemithi;
- izimpande ezidliwayo.
Kusuka kubahlali bendawo bezifunda lapho kuhlala khona la mabhere angajwayelekile, uvame ukuzwa izikhalazo zokuthi ama-biruangs alimaza kakhulu amasimu kabhanana ngokudla amahlumela amancanyana wezintende zikabhanana kanye nobhanana osemncane, kanye nokuthi amasimu e-cocoa ahlupheka kakhulu ngokuhlaselwa kwawo kaningi ...
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Malay Bear
AmaBiruangi yizilwane ezihamba ebusuku kakhulu ezikhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni. Ebusuku, zondla amaqabunga ezihlahla, izithelo nezintuthwane, kuthi emini ziyele phakathi kwamagatsha noma zishise elangeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-12. Ngasikhathi sinye, esinye sezici ezihlukile zezilwane kubhekwa njengekhono lokwenza izidleke noma izigaxa zamagatsha kahle emagatsheni, ukugoba ngendlela ekhethekile. Yebo, yebo, ukwakha izidleke. Futhi bakwenza ngokuphelele - akukho okubi kunezinyoni.
Ezidlekeni zazo, amabhere ngokuvamile aphumula noma ahanjiswe yilanga emini. Kungakho elinye igama laqhamuka ku: "sun bear". Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaMalay ngolimi lwawo abiza lawa mabhere ngaphandle kokuthi: “basindo nan tenggil”, okusho ukuthi “othanda ukuhlala phezulu kakhulu”.
UBiruangi, ngokungafani nabafowabo abasenyakatho emndenini, abathambekele ekulaliseni ubuthongo futhi abalweli lokhu. Mhlawumbe lesi sici sihlotshaniswa nesimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo, lapho izimo zezulu zihlala zingaguquguquki, aziguquki kakhulu, futhi emvelweni kuhlale kunenani elanele lokudla kubo, kokubili izitshalo nezilwane.
Ngokuvamile, ama-biruangs yizilwane ezizolile nezingenabungozi ezizama ukugwema abantu lapho kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi amabhere aziphathe kabi kakhulu futhi ngokungalindelekile ahlasele ezinye izilwane (amahlosi, izingwe) ngisho nabantu. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuziphatha akujwayelekile kwabesilisa abanesizungu, kepha kwabesifazane abanamathole, mhlawumbe bakholelwa ukuthi bangaba sengozini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Malay Sun Bear
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amabhere aseMalay yizilwane ezizodwa. Abalokothi baqoqe amaphakethe futhi bathandana bodwa, okungukuthi, bakha imibhangqwana eqinile, kepha kuphela ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana. Lapho sebeqedile, lo mbhangqwana uyahlukana futhi ilungu ngalinye lawo lihamba ngendlela yalo. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka emithathu kuya kwengu-5.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-biruangs singahlala kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezi-7, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside. Insikazi, ekulungele ukukhwelwa, kanye nowesilisa kubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuziphatheni okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhwelana, okubonakala ngokuqomisana isikhathi eside, ukudlala ukulwa, ukugxuma, umdlalo wokubonisa wokubamba, ukwangana okuqinile kanye nobunye ubumnene.
Ngokumangazayo, ukukhwelana ngamabhere aseMalay kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka - ngisho nasehlobo, nasebusika, okukhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo alunaso isikhathi sokukhwelana kanjalo. Njengomthetho, ukukhulelwa kumabhele aseMalay kuhlala isikhathi esingeqile ezinsukwini ezingama-95, kepha kuvame ukuba nezimo ezichazwe kumapoo ambalwa, lapho ukukhulelwa kungahlala isikhathi eside kabili noma cishe kathathu kunokujwayelekile, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi akukho ukulibala ukungena kweqanda elikhulelwe esibelethweni. Umkhuba ofanayo wokubambezeleka kokubambezeleka uvame ukwenzeka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomndeni weBhele.
Izinsikazi zivame ukuzala izinyane elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, bafuna indawo eyimfihlo isikhathi eside, bayihlomise ngokucophelela, belungiselela ukufana kwesidleke emagatsheni amancane, amaqabunga esundu notshani obomile. Izinyane lamaBiruang lizalwa linqunu, lingaboni, lingenakuzisiza futhi lincane kakhulu - elinesisindo esingeqile ku-300 g. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, impilo, ukuphepha, ukukhula ngokomzimba nakho konke okunye emawundlu amancane kuncike ngokuphelele kunina.
Ngaphezu kobisi lukamama, abaluncela kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezine, amawundlu asanda kuzalwa afinyelela ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala nawo adinga ukukhuthazwa kwangaphandle kwamathumbu nesinye. Ngokwemvelo, ibhere elinsikazi libanikeza lokhu kunakekelwa, kaningi nangokukhotha ngokucophelela amawundlu alo. Kuma-zoo, ngalokhu, amawundlu ayagezwa amahlandla amaningi ngosuku, eqondisa umfula wamanzi ezihlafunweni zawo, ngaleyo ndlela esikhundleni sokukhotha kukanina.
Izingane zaseBiruang zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho zinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, zingagijima ngokushesha, zidlale zodwa futhi nomama wazo, futhi zidle ukudla okwengeziwe.
Isikhumba sezingane ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa sinombala ompunga omnyama onoboya obufushane obufushane, futhi isifonyo kanye nendawo yesifuba kumhlophe qwa.
Amehlo ezingane avuleka cishe ngosuku lwama-25, kepha aqala ukubona nokuzwa ngokuphelele ngosuku lwama-50. Insikazi, ngenkathi amawundlu enaye, ibafundisa ukuthi bangakuthola kuphi ukudla, ukuthi badleni nokuthi yini abangayitholi. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-30, amawundlu ashiya unina aqale impilo yawo yokuzimela enesizungu.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhere aseMalay
Isithombe: Bear-dog
Emvelweni wazo wemvelo, izitha eziyinhloko zamabhere aseMalay ikakhulukazi izingwe, amahlosi kanye nabanye abamele abakhulu bomndeni we-feline, kanye nezingwenya nezinyoka ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ama-python. Ukuvikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ama-biruangs anesici se-anatomical esikahle kakhulu nesici sazo kuphela: isikhumba esilenga kakhulu entanyeni, siwela emahlombe emapulazini amabili noma amathathu.
Isebenza kanjani? Uma umhlaseli ebamba ibhere entanyeni, kuvela kalula nobuhle futhi kulume kabuhlungu umoni ngamazinyo akhe aqinile, bese esebenzisa izinzipho ezinde ezibukhali. Lesi sici cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sibamba umhlaseli ngokungazelele futhi akanaso isikhathi sokubuyela ezingqondweni zakhe, njengoba isisulu sakhe esibonakala singenakuzisiza, simlimazile, sabaleka ngokushesha sayocasha phezulu esihlahleni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhere laseMalay (biruang)
Namuhla, ibhere laseMalay (biruang) lithathwa njengesilwane esingajwayelekile, esisohlwini lweRed Book ngaphansi kwesimo "sezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa." Kubuye kufakwe kwiSithasiselo esinguNombolo 1 se- "Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna". Ukufakwa kudokhumenti enjalo kuvimbela ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe e-biruang.
Okuhlukile kokungajwayelekile kulo mthetho ukuthengiswa okulinganiselwe kwamabhere aseMalay kuphela ukugcwalisa amaqoqo e-zoo. Ngasikhathi sinye, inqubo yokuthengisa inzima kakhulu, i-bureaucratic futhi idinga inombolo enkulu yezimvume nezitifiketi ezahlukahlukene ezivela e-zoo efisa ukuthenga i-biruang.
Izazi zezilwane nabanye ochwepheshe abalisho inani eliqondile lama-biruang, kepha basho iqiniso lokuthi inani labo liyancipha minyaka yonke, futhi ngezinga elishaqisayo. Indima ehamba phambili kule nqubo idlalwa, yiqiniso, ngumuntu, echitha njalo indawo yokuhlala yezilwane.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani lamabhere aseMalay zivamile:
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi;
- imililo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane;
- ukuqothula okungenangqondo nokungafanele.
Lezi zinto ezingenhla ziya ngokuya zicindezela ama-biruangs ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu futhi eziqhelelene kusuka empucukweni, lapho entula khona ukudla futhi engenazo izimo ezinhle kakhulu zempilo nokuzala.
Ukulondolozwa kwamabhere aseMalay
Isithombe seBiruang Red Book
Yize iqiniso lokuthi inani lalezi zilwane ezingandile liyancipha minyaka yonke, abantu ingxenye enkulu abafuni ukucabanga ngekusasa futhi baqhubeke nokuzibhubhisa ngonya, bazizingele ukuze zithengiswe kanye nenzalo yezemidlalo.
Futhi ngoba ezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi i-gallbladder ne-biruang bile, zisetshenzisiwe ekwelashweni okunye okuvela empumalanga kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi kubhekwa njengekhambi elisebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala okuningi kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye nokwanda kwamandla. Esinye isizathu sokuqothulwa kwezilwane ezinjalo ezingavamile ngoboya obuhle okuthungwa ngabo izigqoko.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi abahlali bendawo yaseMalaysia banezabo, ezingaqondakali ngokuphelele kubantu abangazi lutho, ubudlelwane namabhere aseMalay. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abomdabu bebelokhu bathambisa amabhere elanga, imvamisa bewagcina emadolobhaneni njengezilwane ezifuywayo nasekuzijabuliseni kwezingane. Ngakho-ke amahemuhemu ngokuhlukumezeka kwe-biruang yiwona ahlukile kunokuba umthetho. Yingakho kwavela leli gama elixakile - "ibhele-inja".
Uma kubhekwa izindaba eziningi zabomdabu, ama-tetrapods agxila kalula ekuthunjweni, aziphathe kahle, enqabe izinjabulo zesikhathi esedlule, njengokulala esidlekeni elangeni, futhi afana kakhulu nezinja zawo. Kuma-zoo, i-biruangi izala ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi iphile isikhathi eside ngokwanele - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Kulandela kulokhu okungenhla ukuthi inkinga yokwehla kwesibalo sabantu akukhona ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo ngabantu, kodwa ukuqothulwa okubanzi. Ibhere laseMalay kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuqinile kombuso, yize lokhu kungavimbeli ngaso sonke isikhathi abazingeli abazingeli kanye nabanye abazingeli benzuzo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wabo ongcolile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-17: 38
