Ingonyama yasolwandle ingenye yezinhlobo eziyisithupha zezimpawu ezivulekile, ezitholakala ikakhulu emanzini oLwandlekazi iPacific. Amabhubesi asolwandle abonakala ngengubo emfushane, emahhadla engenayo ingubo yangaphansi ehlukile. Ngaphandle kwengonyama yasolwandle yaseCalifornia (iZalophus californianus), abesilisa banomhlwenga ofana nowengonyama futhi bavungama njalo ukuvikela izidleke zabo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sea Lion
Ingonyama yasolwandle yaseCalifornia, etholakala ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, iwuphawu oluvamile, luhluke nje ngosayizi nokuma kwezindlebe. Ngokungafani nezimpawu zangempela, amabhubesi asolwandle nezinye izimvu zamanzi eziveziwe ziyakwazi ukuzungezisa amaphiko azo angemuva ziye phambili, zisebenzisa yomibili imilenze ukuhambela ezweni. Amabhubesi asolwandle nawo anezimpiko ezinde kunezimpawu zangempela.
Izilwane zinamehlo amakhulu, umbala wejazi kusuka kophaphathekile kuya konsundu onsundu. Indoda ifinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-2,5 nobunzima obufinyelela ku-400 kg. Insikazi ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-1.8 no-90 kg. Ekuthunjweni, isilwane singaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, endle, okungenani kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lasolwandle libukeka kanjani
Amaphiko angaphambili wamabhubesi asolwandle anamandla anele okuxhasa lesi silwane emhlabathini. Zisiza futhi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba kwebhubesi lasolwandle. Uma kubanda, imithambo yegazi eklanywe ngokukhethekile emaphikweni enezindonga ezincanyana ukuvimbela ukulahleka kokushisa. Uma kushisa, ukugeleza kwegazi kuya kulezi zindawo zomzimba kuyenyuka ukuze isilwane sipholile ngokushesha.
Emanzini aseCalifornia, uvame ukubona iqembu elingaziwa "lamaphiko" amnyama liphuma emanzini - lawa ngamabhubesi olwandle azama ukupholisa imizimba yawo.
Umzimba obushelelezi webhubesi lasolwandle ulungele ukungena ngokujulile olwandle kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-180 ufuna inhlanzi emnandi ne-squid. Njengoba izingonyama zasolwandle ziyizilwane ezincelisayo futhi kufanele ziphefumule umoya, azikwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Ngamakhala avala ngokuzenzakalela lapho ecwilisiwe, ibhubesi lasolwandle ngokuvamile lihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engafika kwengu-20. Amabhubesi anezindlebe zokufaka izindlebe ukuthi angazungeza aye phansi ukuze amanzi angaveli ezindlebeni zawo lapho ebhukuda noma etshuza.
Ividiyo: uLwandle Lion
Ulwelwesi olubonakalisayo ngemuva kweso lisebenza njengesibuko, lubonisa ukukhanya okuncane abakutholayo olwandle. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi babone ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho kungahle kube nokukhanya okuncane. Amabhubesi olwandle anezinzwa ezinhle kakhulu zokuzwa nokuhogela. Izilwane zibhukuda kahle, zifinyelela isivinini sama-29 km / h. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba babalekele ezitheni.
Kungaba mnyama impela ekujuleni kolwandle, kepha amabhubesi asolwandle athola indlela yawo ngezintshebe zawo ezizwelayo. Ithenda ngalinye elide, elibizwa ngokuthi i-vibrissa, linamathiselwe endebeni engenhla yengonyama yolwandle. Ithenda ijikeleza kude nemisinga engaphansi kwamanzi, okuvumela ibhubesi lasolwandle ukuba “lizwe” noma yikuphi ukudla okuntanta eduze.
Ihlala kuphi ibhubesi lasolwandle?
Isithombe: Ingonyama yolwandle yezilwane
Amabhubesi olwandle, izimvu zamanzi, nama-walrus konke kungokwesigaba sezilwane zesayensi esibizwa ngama-pinnipeds. Amabhubesi asolwandle nezimpawu zasolwandle yizilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezichitha usuku lwazo olwandle zifuna ukudla.
Zonke zinamaphiko ekugcineni kwemilenze yazo ukuzisiza ukubhukuda. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, zinolwelwesi oluningi lwamafutha ukufudumeza imizimba yazo olwandle olubandayo.
Amabhubesi asolwandle ahlala ogwini lonke naseziqhingini zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Yize iningi lamabhubesi olwandle eziqhingini zaseGalapagos ligxile emanzini azungeze i-Galapagos Archipelago, lapho abantu besungule ikoloni elihlala njalo ngasogwini lwase-Ecuador.
Idlani ingonyama yasolwandle?
Isithombe: Ingonyama yasolwandle endle
Zonke izingonyama zasolwandle ziyizilwane ezidla inyama, ezidla izinhlanzi, ama-squid, izinkalankala noma izimbaza. Amabhubesi olwandle angadla ngisho nophawu. Izilwane ezincelisayo azidli endaweni ebekelwe, njengesibonelo, amabhere ansundu, kepha zidla nsuku zonke. Amabhubesi olwandle awanankinga yokuthola ukudla okusha.
Ubumnandi obuthandayo:
- i-herring;
- pollock;
- capelin;
- i-halibut;
- ama-gobies;
- i-flounder.
Ukudla okuningi kugwinywa kuphelele. Izilwane ziphonsa inhlanzi phezulu ziyigwinye. Izilwane nazo zidla ama-bivalve molluscs nama-crustaceans.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ukudoba izingonyama zasolwandle
Ibhubesi lasolwandle yisilwane esisogwini esivame ukweqa siphume emanzini ngenkathi sibhukuda. Iswim swimmer esisheshayo kanye ne-diver enhle kakhulu, kepha ama-dives angahlala imizuzu eyi-9. Izilwane azesabi izindawo eziphakeme futhi zingagxumela ngokuphepha emanzini zisuka eweni elingamamitha ayi-20-30 ukuphakama.
Isilinganiso sokujula sokurekhoda esiphezulu ngamamitha angama-274, kepha lokhu ngokusobala akulona i-altare eliseceleni. Amabhubesi olwandle athanda ukuhlangana ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngabantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Sea Lion
Zitholakala emihlambini emikhulu, ezeduna zakha ama-harems kusuka kwabesifazane abathathu kuya kwabangu-20. Imidlwane ensundu izalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ikhulelwe. Abesilisa abadli nhlobo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Bakhathalele kakhulu ukuvikela indawo yabo nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abesifazane babo ababaleki nenye eyeduna. Naphezu kokujwayela impilo yasemanzini, amabhubesi olwandle asaboshelwe emhlabathini ngokuzalanisa.
Ngokuvamile, abesilisa, ababizwa ngokuthi izinkunzi, baba ngabokuqala ukuphuma emanzini ukuze banqobe indawo eqhweni noma emadwaleni. Izinkunzi zilungiselela inkathi ngayinye yokuzalanisa ngokusebenzisa ukudla okwengeziwe ukudala ungqimba lwamafutha obukhulu. Lokhu kuvumela umuntu ukuthi aphile amasonto ngaphandle kokudla, ngoba kuvikela indawo yaso nabesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinkunzi zikhonkotha kakhulu nangokuqhubekayo ukuvikela izindawo zazo. Izinkunzi zinikina amakhanda ngokusongela noma zihlasela noma yimuphi umphikisi.
Kunezinkunzi eziphindwe kaningana kunezinsikazi ezindala, ezibizwa ngezinkomo. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, inkunzi ngayinye endala izama ukuqoqa izinkomo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze izakhele i "harem" yayo. Ama-sea lion harems, noma amaqembu emindeni, angaba nezinkomo ezifika ku-15 namazinyane azo. Inkunzi ibheka isibaya sayo, siyivikele ekulimaleni. Iqembu elikhulu lezilwane eliqoqene ndawonye emhlabathini noma eqhweni elikhukhulekayo libizwa ngokuthi ikoloni. Ngesikhathi sokuzala amazinyane, lezi zindawo zaziwa ngokuthi ama-rookeries.
Okuhlukile kulokhu kuziphatha kuyinkunzi yengonyama yasolwandle yase-Australia, ayiphuli indawo noma yakhe izindlukazi. Esikhundleni salokho, izinkunzi zilwela noma iyiphi insikazi etholakalayo. Abesilisa benza zonke izinhlobo zemisindo: ukukhonkotha, ukukhala, amacilongo noma ukubhonga. Ibhubesi elincane, elibizwa ngokuthi umdlwane, lingathola unina emakhulwini abuthene osebeni olunamadwala ngomsindo eliwenzayo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma emasontweni ambalwa lapho izinkunzi sezizinze emabhishi nasemadwaleni, izinsikazi ziyafika ogwini zizokujoyina.
Iduna ngalinye lizama ukushayela abesifazane abaningi abazalela izidleke endaweni yabesifazane. Labo besifazane abakhulelwa ngonyaka odlule bangabokugcina ukufika, baqoqele emhlabeni ukuzala injana.
Abesifazane bazala umdlwane owodwa ngonyaka. Imidlwane izalwa inamehlo avulekile futhi idla ubisi lukamama kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Ubisi lunamafutha amaningi, okusiza umdlwane ukuba wakhe masinyane ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze uhlale ufudumele. Imidlwane izalwa inezinwele ezinde, ezijiyile ezibizwa nge-lanugo, ezibasiza ukuthi zifudumale zize zikhule zibe namafutha emizimba yazo. Omama bawunakekela kakhulu umdlwane wabo phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezi-2-4 zokuphila, behogela futhi bebahudula entanyeni. Imidlwane iyakwazi ukubhukuda ngokungafanele lapho izalwa, ingahamba kancane.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhubesi olwandle
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lasolwandle libukeka kanjani
Amabhubesi olwandle anezitha ezintathu eziyinhloko neziyingozi. Lezi imikhomo ebulalayo, oshaka nabantu. Abantu baba usongo olukhulu kubo, emanzini nasemhlabeni, ukwedlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezizingelayo. Yize kungekho owazi ngokunembile ngokuhlangana kwamabhubesi nemikhomo edlayo noma oshaka, nakanjani bayazi ngokuxhumana okungekuhle nabantu.
Abaphenyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ibhubesi lasolwandle lingabhukuda ngokushesha ukwedlula i-killer whale noshaka omkhulu omhlophe. Kodwa amabhubesi avame ukuba yizisulu zalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye. Abantu abasha noma abagulayo abakwazi ukushesha ngokwanele, ngakho-ke kulula ukubamba.
Amabhubesi olwandle avame ukuzwa lapho imikhomo ebulalayo noma oshaka beseduze. Ukuzivikela kwabo okukhulu kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ukufika emaphethelweni amanzi nasemhlabeni lapho izingonyama zingafinyeleli ezilwaneni zasolwandle. Kwesinye isikhathi oshaka bakwazi ngisho nokuziphonsa ngobuciko emanzini bese babamba inyamazane ogwini, uma ingonyama ingasuki kude ngokwanele nonqenqema lwamanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ingonyama yolwandle yezilwane
Izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamabhubesi asolwandle, kanye nophawu loboya kanye nezimpawu zasolwandle ezisenyakatho, zakha umndeni i-Otariidae (izimpawu ezinamacici). Zonke izimvu zamanzi namabhubesi asolwandle, kanye nama-walrus, ahlelwe njengama-pinnipeds.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezahlukene zamabhubesi olwandle:
Ingonyama yasolwandle yasenyakatho.
Lesi yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke. Owesilisa osekhulile uvamise ukuphindeka kathathu kunabesifazane futhi unentamo ewugqinsi, enoboya efana nomhlwenga wengonyama. Imibala isukela kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo kuya kokunsundu ngokubomvu.
Le yingonyama enkulu kunazo zonke yezimpawu eziphakathi. Abesilisa bafinyelela kumamitha angu-3.3 ubude futhi banesisindo esingu-1 ton, kanti abesifazane bangamamitha ayi-2.5 futhi banesisindo esingaphansi kwama-300 kg. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu nemvelo enolaka, kuyaqabukela kugcinwe ekuthunjweni.
Ihlala ngasogwini loLwandle iBering nakuzo zombili izinhlangothi zoLwandlekazi iPacific Pacific.
Indawo:
- Ugu oluphakathi kweCalifornia;
- Eziqhingini zase-Aleutian;
- Ngasogwini lwengxenye esempumalanga yeRussia;
- Ugu oluseningizimu yeNingizimu Korea, kanye neJapan.
California sea lion.
Isilwane esinsundu sitholakala ogwini lwaseJapan naseKorea, entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika kusuka eningizimu yeCanada kuya maphakathi neMexico naseziQhingini zaseGalapagos. Ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu okulula ukuziqeqesha, ngakho-ke zihlala zihlala ekuthunjweni.
Ingonyama yolwandle yaseGalapagos.
Mncane kancane kuneCalifornia, uhlala eziQhingini zaseGalapagos futhi futhi usondele kakhulu nogu lwase-Ecuador.
Ingonyama yasolwandle yaseNingizimu naseNingizimu Melika.
Lezi zinhlobo zinomlomo omfushane futhi obanzi. Izinhlobo zaseningizimu zinombala omnyama onsundu omnyama ngesisu esimnyama esiphuzi. Kutholakala ngasogwini olusentshonalanga nasempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika naseziQhingini zaseFalkland.
Ingonyama yasolwandle yase-Australia.
Ezinduna ezindala zinomhlana ophuzi emzimbeni omnyama onsundu. Inani labantu lisatshalaliswa ogwini olusentshonalanga naseningizimu ye-Australia. Kwenzeka ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Western Australia kuye e-South Australia. Abesilisa abadala bangamamitha angu-2.0-2.5 ubude futhi banesisindo esifinyelela ku-300 kg, abesifazane bangamamitha ayi-1.5 futhi banesisindo esingaphansi kuka-100 kg.
Ibhubesi lasolwandle likaHooker, noma iNew Zealand.
Unombala omnyama noma onsundu kakhulu ngombala. Usayizi mncane kunosayizi wase-Australia. Ihlala ngasogwini lwaseNew Zealand. Ingonyama yasolwandle yaseNew Zealand isengozini enkulu. Abesilisa bangamamitha ayi-2.0-2.5 ubude, abesifazane ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2.0 ubude. Isisindo sawo sincane kancane kunesezingonyama zasolwandle zase-Australia.
Ukuqapha amabhubesi olwandle
Isithombe: Sea Lion
Amabhubesi asolwandle ayazingelwa, yize kungamanani amancane, futhi athengelwe inyama yawo, izikhumba namafutha. Njengoba amakhono abazingeli aya ethuthuka ngokwengeziwe, inani lezilwane lahlupheka kakhulu. Imvamisa, amabhubesi ayengabulawelwa ngisho isikhumba noma amafutha, kodwa ngenxa yenjabulo noma ukuvimbela ukuthi angadliwa yizinhlanzi endaweni yamanzi. Izilwane zingalimaza amanetha okudoba, okuyisizathu sokuqothulwa kwazo.
Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukuzingela kwezingonyama zasolwandle akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izindawo, ukudutshulwa kwezilwane kunqunyelwe futhi kunqunyelwe ngokuqinile. Ibhalansi yemvelo ifaka ibhalansi elungile yabantu nezilwane. Ubuntu bunesibopho sokungaphazamisi leli bhalansi yemvelo. Ingonyama yasolwandle naphezu kwakho konke ukwenqatshelwa, kubhujiswa ngokungenazwelo ngabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, okudala ukulimala okukhulu, kuphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo nokulinganisela kwemvelo kweplanethi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 30.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-22: 13
