Akekho ongakuphikisa lokho uphawu lwe-eared ingenye yezidalwa ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Izilwane ezinkulu nezinamandla ezingaphansi kwe-oda lamaphini. Bahola impilo engaphansi kwamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlela i-rookery futhi bazalele kuphela emhlabeni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: uphawu lwe-Eared
Izimpawu zaseSteller, noma izimvu zamakhaka, ziyizilwane ezidliwayo, ezomndeni we-walrus (OTARIIDAE), i-subclass Pinnipeds. Izimpawu empeleni ziyisilwane sasendulo. Umndeni wezimpawu wavuka ngesikhathi se-Lower Miocene. Inani labantu livela ogwini lwasePacific eNyakatho Afrika. Ngalezo zinsuku, izilwane zazinkulu ngandlela-thile kunezikhathi zabo. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zashintsha ngesikhathi sokuvela.
Umndeni wezimpawu ezinamacici waqanjwa ngo-1825 ngenxa yesazi sezilwane esidumile saseBrithani uJohn Edward Gray, owafunda ngalolu hlobo. Umndeni omkhulu wezimpawu ezinamacici uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezifika ezi-7 nezinhlobo eziyi-14.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uphawu oluvalekile
Izimpawu ezibekiwe zihlukile kwamanye amaphini ngokuba khona kwama-auricles. Izimpawu eziphakanyisiwe zinomzimba we-vertoid. Esikhundleni sezidladla, izimvu zamanzi zinemilenze eneminwe emihlanu enamaphiko, neminwe yeziphetho inezinzipho. Izinzwani zifakwe ulwelwesi oluncane lokubhukuda olukuvumela ukuthi ubhukude ngokushesha emanzini. Izimpawu zivulwa kalula emanzini ngamaphiko azo futhi zimboza amabanga amade ngokushesha.
Izimpawu zinohlelo lwamazinyo oluthuthukisiwe. Emhlathini ongezansi kunezi-molars ezi-5, ama-incisors ama-2 ne-canine. Emhlathini ongenhla wesilwane kukhona ama-molars ama-5, ama-incisors ama-3 ne-canine e-1. Kunamazinyo angama-34 acijile emihlathini yezimpawu. Izimpawu ezinamazinyo obisi ziyazalwa, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zithathelwa indawo ngamazinyo empande, lapho izimvu zamanzi zingadla khona izinhlanzi, zigaye futhi zigaye amathambo namagobolondo ama-crustaceans. Umlomo wesifonyo ufushane, ugebhezi lwesimpawu lucishe lufane nogebhezi lwebhere. Inomumo oyindilinga, isifonyo esi side, intamo ende. Izimpawu ezibekiwe zinezindlebe ezimbili emakhanda azo. Yilokhu okuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo nezimpawu ezijwayelekile.
Ividiyo: Uphawu olubekiwe
Uboya. Ekuzalweni, izimvu zamanzi zinengubo emhlophe ecwebezelayo, okuthi kamuva ishintshe ibe nsundu ngokumpunga. Ezinwele zezimpawu kunendawo eminyene engaphansi. Okuvumela ukuthi izimvu zamanzi zingabandi ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphansi ngokungajwayelekile. Ibhantshi uqobo kumuntu omdala linzima futhi liminyene. Umbala wejazi unombala onsundu. Azikho izimpawu zombala noma imivimbo engubeni. Umzimba wezimpawu ezinamacici uvulekile, unemisipha futhi uzacile ngentamo ende nomsila omncane. Yize izimvu zamanzi zibukeka zimapeketwane emhlabathini kanti uphawu oluphindiwe lubukeka njengesikhwama, ziyabhukuda kahle nangomusa emanzini. Ijubane lokuvala uphawu ngesikhathi sokubhukuda lifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-17 ngehora.
Ukuhamba kophawu kuyahlekisa, isilwane, sihamba emhlabeni, siphakamisela umzimba waso phezulu ngokungathi sishibilika ngokungemthetho emaphikweni. Emanzini, ama-seal afaka izimpiko zawo ezihambisa ngemuva komzimba njengephini lokuqondisa. Izimpawu kunalokho izilwane ezinkulu. Indoda endala yophawu lwendlebe inebude obuyimitha elilodwa nohhafu kuya kumamitha ama-3 kanti isisindo somuntu omdala singafinyelela ithani eli-1, kuya ngohlobo. Abesifazane imvamisa bancipha kaningana kunabesilisa. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezimpawu ezinamacici sisukela eminyakeni engama-24 kuye kwengama-30, kuya ngohlobo lomuntu othile ahlala kulo nendawo yokuhlala.
Uhlala kuphi uphawu?
Isithombe: U-Eared seal, uyingonyama yasolwandle
Indawo yokuhlala yezimpawu ezinamakhanda ibanzi kakhulu. Lawa angogu lwe-Arctic Ocean, i-Indian Ocean. Ama-rookeries asezandleni nawo abonakele endaweni esogwini eNingizimu Melika. Izimpawu zihlala ngobuningi osebeni lwe-Atlantic. Futhi ama-rookeries asezindaweni ezitholakala eSaint Helena, e-Easter Island eCosta Rica naseHawaii. Kunezimpawu zasolwandle ezivakashele ingxenye esenyakatho yeNew Zealand. Ukuhlala kwenani lezimpawu kuphazanyiswa yizimo zemvelo. Iqhwa elintantayo alinakunqotshwa ngezimpawu zasolwandle.
Kukhona nesikhala sokuphakela samanzi esingenakuphikiswa. Ezweni lanamuhla, inani lezinhlanzi lehle kakhulu olwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izilwandle nezilwandle emhlabeni wonke zisheshe zingcoliswe izinhlanzi zimane zife. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokubanjwa okukhulu kwezinhlanzi ngabantu futhi imvamisa izimpawu azinakho ukudla okusele ukuzondla. Ngakho-ke, izimvu zamanzi zihlala lapho zingathola khona ukudla. Uphawu luyisilwane sasolwandle, uphawu luzingela emanzini. Ngemuva kokuzingela, izimvu zamanzi ezifakwe emanzini zifika ogwini zihlele ama-rookeries.
Yini edliwa wuphawu lwendlebe?
Isithombe: uphawu lwe-Eared
Ukudla kwezimpawu zamasondo kubanzi ngokwanele. Lezi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zezinhlobo ezincane, ama-squid nama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, ama-plankton ahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zamanzi ezinoboya zingadla izinyoni.Kunezikhathi zokuhlaselwa kwamaphengwini ezingane, kepha akuvamile. Izimpawu zase-Atlantic zingenye yezinhlobo ezimelele kakhulu zalesi silwane, zikhetha kuphela i-krill yokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi, kunalokho ngenxa yendlala, ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zasolwandle ezihlaselwe zihlasela ama-penguin, yize lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu. Kuyaziwa kabanzi ukuthi amatshe amancane atholakala esiswini sezimpawu zamanzi ezifile; akwaziwa ukuthi kanjani futhi kungani izimpawu zigwinya amatshe.
Ukuzingela, izimvu zamanzi zibhukuda zingene emanzini bese zibamba izinhlanzi. Akunzima ukubamba izinhlanzi ngophawu. Ngosizo lwentshebe yazo, izimvu zamanzi ziyakwazi ukuthola izinhlanzi ezingezansi. Uphawu luthinta kamnandi umoya wenhlanzi, ocashe olwandle olugobhoza esihlabathini. Kuyamangalisa, kepha ukuze kutholakale i-flounder engcwatshwe esihlabathini ngezansi, uphawu luthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje. Isilwane esikhulu kangaka sidinga ukudla okuningi, ngakho-ke uphawu lusebenzisa iningi lesikhathi salo ukufuna ukudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Uphawu olukhulu oluvalelwe
Izimpawu zihola indlela yokuphila ezolile. Isikhathi esiningi abasichitha emanzini lapho, izimvu zamanzi ezinamakhanda zizingela futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize zilale. Izimpawu zilala emanzini kusatshalaliswa amaphiko azo; uphawu luhlala ebusweni bamanzi ngenxa yamafutha alo angaphansi. Kwesinye isikhathi uphawu lungalala ngokujula kwamamitha amaningana ngezikhathi ezithile, luqhamuke, luphefumule kancane bese lubuyela emuva. Kulokhu, isilwane asivuki nokuvuka. Izimpawu ziyizilwane ezinokuthula nezinokuthula. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ama-walrus cishe awekho izitha nabantu ancintisana nabo futhi akukho angakhathazeka ngakho.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa nezimpawu zokuncibilika komhlaba ziyafika ogwini. Ngokungafani nama-walrus, izimvu zamanzi ezivalile zigwema iqhwa futhi zenze ama-rooker awo emabhange. Izimpawu ziyasebenza emini nasebusuku. Izimpawu ezivunyelwe yizilwane zesithembu ezihlangene. Ziyinakekela kahle inzalo yazo, ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izimvu zamanzi. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, abesilisa bahlukanisa insimu, futhi bayivikele ekungeneni kwabantu abangabazi kule ndawo. Izimpawu ezibekiwe zivame ukuhlala zizolile, futhi zikhombisa ulaka kuphela uma kunezinsongo zokuhlaselwa kwazo noma amawundlu azo.
Maqondana nabantu, izimvu zamanzi ezinamakhanda ziphephe ngokuqhathaniswa. Izimpawu azibahlaseli abantu, noma ngabe amacala ayaziwa ukuthi izimvu zamanzi zintshontshe isigqila emikhunjini, ngenkathi zingathinti noma zithinte abantu. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane esikhulu singalimaza noma sichoboze umuntu, noma isilwane esiseduze. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zoboya nezimpawu ziyaqeqeshwa futhi zizwana kalula nabantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Seal Baby Eared Seal
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izimpawu ezinamacici ziyizilwane zesithembu ezihlangene. Imvamisa zihlala emihlambini emikhulu, zihlela ama-rookeries osebeni ngasikhathi sonyaka sokukhwelana nesikhathi sokuncinza. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa baya olwandle ngaphambi kwezinsikazi, bahlukanise indawo futhi bayivikele. Ngemuva kwalokho, abesifazane bafika ogwini. Ensimini, abesilisa baphula ama-harems akhethekile, lapho kungaba khona abesifazane besuka ku-3 kuya ku-40. Izimpawu ezibekiwe zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka yobudala emi-3 kuye kwengu-7, kuya ngohlobo lomuntu lowo okungelakhe.
Izimpawu zezingane zizalelwa ogwini. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane. Izimpawu zinesikhathi eside kakhulu sokukhulelwa, esihlala cishe unyaka wonke. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi izala eyodwa, kwesinye isikhathi amawundlu amabili. Izimpawu ezincane zizalwa zimbozwe kusuka ekhanda kuye ozwaneni okumhlophe okumsulwa, kwesinye isikhathi kube nobuphuzi obuncane kanye noboya obuthambile.
Umama wondla amaphuphu ngobisi. Lactation ihlala izinyanga ezintathu, bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokho umama afundise izingane ukudoba. Lapho kuzalwa, izinsana zezimpawu zineqoqo elilodwa lamazinyo ahlabayo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amazinyo aqothulayo ayavela bese kuvela izinso ezibukhali endaweni yazo. Ongazidla izinhlanzi nezinkalankala. Owesifazane kuphela owenza umsebenzi wokukhulisa inzalo. Ubaba namanye amalungu ephakethe ababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane. Kodwa-ke, amaduna, ngenkathi esondla amaphuphu ngezinsikazi, aqapha indawo futhi angavumeli amanye amaduna angene endaweni yawo.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpawu ezivulekile
Isithombe: I-Eared seal, noma i-sea lion
Njengoba izimpawu ezinamacici ziyizilwane ezinkulu impela, zinezitha ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa, kepha zisekhona.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpawu ezifakiwe zifaka:
- Ukubulala imikhomo nemikhomo. Imikhomo ebulalayo iyingozi kuphela kwizimpawu ezincane, izimvu zamanzi ezinoboya. Futhi nezimpawu zezingane. Abantu abadala bemikhomo nemikhomo ebulalayo imvamisa abesabi.
- Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa. Amabhere asePolar abuye abe yingozi kubantu abancane balo mndeni futhi angavamile ukuhlasela izimvu zamanzi. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuhlalisana ngokuthula kwamabhere nezimpawu zasolwandle. Njengoba ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe nalo lidla izinhlanzi, lingakwazi ukuxosha izimvu zamanzi kude nezindawo zazo zokuzingela.
- Umuntu. Abantu bafaka ingozi ethile kwizimpawu ezinamacici. Kwakungenxa yokubonga komuntu ukuthi umndeni wezimpawu ezinamacici usengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ukuzingela izimvu zamanzi, ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi kuholela ekuqothulweni kwalezi zidlakela ezinhle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uphawu oluvalekile
Izimpawu ezibekiwe zifakwe ohlwini lweRed Book futhi zinezinga elithi “Izinhlobo ezinenala enciphayo ebangeni eliningi”. Izilwane zivikelwe ngokukhethekile futhi ukuzizingela akuvunyelwe. Izimpawu zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile emvelweni yasolwandle. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlobo kubalulekile ukongiwa kokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo.
Lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe eziqiwini zaseKoryaksky, Komandorsky, Kronetsnorsky. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezilwane kushushiswa ngumthetho eRussian Federation nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Inhlawulo enkulu inikezwa ukubamba kanye nokuphanga kwezimpawu zamakhanda.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimpawu ezivulekile
Isithombe: uphawu lwe-Eared oluvela eRed Book
Izindlela zokuvikelwa kwalezi zinhlobo zifaka:
- Ukwakhiwa kwezinqolobane. Ukuvikelwa kwezimpawu kubaluleke kakhulu manje. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu balondoloze lolu hlobo, ngakho-ke njalo ngonyaka kuyakhiwa izinqolobane eziningi. Izindawo ezivikelekile kwimithelela emibi. Ukuzingela uphawu akuvunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe, kepha kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusele izinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela zezimpawu ezinamacici
- Ukuvikelwa kokuhlanzeka kwamachibi. Vimbela ukukhishwa kwendle olwandle nezilwandle. Ukufakwa kwezindawo zokwelashwa emabhizinisini aseduze nemizimba yamanzi;
- Vimbela ukuzingela, ezilwaneni. Eminyakeni yamuva, inani lalezi zinhlobo liye lehla kakhulu. Izimpawu azinakho ukudla okwanele, amanzi angcolile, futhi ukudoba kwabantu kukhulu. Lezi zilwane zidinga ukuvikelwa ngabantu hhayi nje kuphela bezinhlobo, kepha futhi nezindawo ezihlala izilwane. Kunenhlawulo enkulu yokubamba izimvu zamanzi nokulimaza izilwane.
Uphawu Eared Kuyisimangaliso sangempela semvelo. Imidondoshiya emikhulu, izilo zasolwandle ezimbalwa zazo. Ubuntu kufanele buqaphele ngangokunokwenzeka kulezi zinhlobo, ngoba kusele izinsalela ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinamalebe. Sonke kudingeka sinakekele kahle izindawo ezihlala izilwane. Ungangcolisi izilwandle nemizimba yamanzi ukuze ulondoloze imvelo yezizukulwane ezihlaselayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 14.10.2019 ngo-22: 46
