Sekuyisikhathi eside amabhere evusa imizwa yenhlonipho nokwesaba kubantu. Izithombe zabo zitholakale sezivele kumdwebo womhume wangaphambi komlando, ngokwesibonelo, emidwebweni yamatshe emhumeni waseCauvet eFrance. Izinkolelo eziningi, amasiko, izimpawu, izinganekwane nezinganekwane ezivela kubantu abehlukene bomhlaba zihlotshaniswa nalezi zilwane ezinkulu futhi, ikakhulukazi, eziyingozi. Hlobo luni lwamabhere olukhona emhlabeni futhi yini lezi zilwane eziphawuleka ngazo?
Izici zamabhere
Umndeni wamabhere ungowama-subid canids angaphansi, okuyingxenye yoku-oda kwezidliwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, akuwona wonke amabhere akhetha ukudla inyama: ama-omnivores ayanqoba phakathi kwawo.
Ukubukeka
Ngokungafani namanye ama-canids amaningi, amabhere agcwele kakhulu ekwakheni. Zizilwane ezinamandla, ezinamandla futhi eziqinile ezinemisila emifushane. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zalo mndeni, i-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa ngeqiniso lokuthi abesilisa bakhulu ngosayizi futhi bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi, umehluko ekubunjweni kogebhezi ungabonakala: kumabhere abesifazane, amakhanda awabanzi njengamabhere wesilisa.
Lezi zilwane zinomzimba oqinile futhi zibuna kahle. Intamo ifushane, inemisipha futhi ijiyile.
Inhloko inkulu, njengomthetho, inomlomo omude othe ukuqhela maqondana nesifunda se-cranial. Imihlathi inamandla futhi iqinile, inemisipha ehlafunwayo eyenziwe kahle. Ama-canines kanye ne-incisors makhulu futhi anamandla, kepha amanye amazinyo mancane.
Izindlebe zincane, ziyindilinga. Lesi sakhiwo singenxa yokuthi sikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukulahleka kokushisa, ngoba amabhere okuqala, ababa okhokho bazo zonke izinhlobo zesimanje, kufaka phakathi okungajwayelekile kakhulu, ahlala esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Amehlo amabhere aphakathi nendawo, amise okweqanda okweqanda noma okwe-alimondi, umbala wawo, uvame ukuba nsundu ngokugqamile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani neminye imikhono eminingi, amabhere awanawo ama-vibrissae ebusweni bawo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye lezi zilwane zinomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela, ongcono kunenja ezingela igazi.
Izidladla zamabhere zineminwe emihlanu, zifinyeziwe futhi zikhulu kakhulu: ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuze kusekelwe umzimba wazo onamandla nosindayo, kudingeka izitho eziqinile neziqinile. Uzipho lukhulu, aluhlehleki, lunemisipha ekhule kahle, evumela ukuthi isilwane sikhuphuke kalula ezihlahleni, futhi sambe umhlabathi futhi siqhekeze inyamazane.
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, amabhere awanawo unwele lwe-zonal eboyeni bawo. Iqiniso ngukuthi zinohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-melanin, olunquma ijazi lombala owodwa elitholakala kulezi zilwane.
Uboya bamabhere bude futhi buminyene, buqukethe ingubo yangaphansi emfushane futhi eminyene, edala ungqimba oluvikela ukushisa eduze kwesikhumba sesilwane kanye nejazi langaphandle elenziwe libe lincane elenza isivikelo. Izinwele ezi-shaggy ziyadingeka kumabhere ukuze zivikele emakhazeni asemgodini wazo ngesikhathi sokulala. Ngasikhathi sinye, entwasahlobo, lapho isilwane sivuka siphume siphume phandle, siyaphalaza, ukuze kuthi ehlobo kube nezinwele ezimfishane ezingavumeli ukuthi isilwane sishise kakhulu lapho kushisa.
Umbala wejazi wama-pandas amaningi wamabhere, ngaphandle kwama-pandas amakhulu amhlophe-nsundu noma nsundu, ngumbala owodwa, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nezimpawu ezilula ebusweni noma esifubeni.
Kumabhere we-polar, ijazi liyakhanya, ngenxa yokuthungwa kwalo okuyize, liqhuba ukushisa kahle, likulethe esikhunjeni ngombala omnyama.
Ubukhulu
Namuhla, amabhere abhekwa njengezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezisemhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ubude bomzimba wamabhere we-polar bungaba ngamamitha amathathu, kanti isisindo salezi zilwane ezinkulu singama-700-800, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nangaphezulu, amakhilogremu. Futhi ubukhulu bokuncane kunabo bonke abamele lo mndeni, ibhere laseMalay, kufana nenja eyelusayo: ubude bayo abudluli amamitha ayi-1.5 ngokwanda kokubuna kuka-50-70 cm kanye nesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-40-45 kg.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakama nesisindo samabhere ngokuvamile kuncane. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, abesifazane bangu-10-20% amancane kunabesilisa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba ivezwa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zamabhere kunezincane.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane zalo mndeni zihlala ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu, ziyehluka kakhulu komunye nomunye ngendlela yakhe yokuphila. Kodwa-ke, wonke amabhere amabhere ahlanganiswe iqiniso lokuthi ayizilwane zasemhlabeni futhi ibhere lasendaweni yasemanzini kuphela elihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini.
Amabhele ajwayele ukusebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, kepha amanye awo akhetha ukondla ebusuku. Ngokuyinhloko, bahlala phansi. Futhi kuphela amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo anomkhuba wokwenza ukufuduka okuthe xaxa noma okuncane.
Lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yodwa, kepha uma kukhona imihlambi emincane, lawa ngamaqembu emindeni aqukethe ibhere lomama kanye nenzalo yakhe.
Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi amabhere amaningana azithole eseduze nomgodi wokuchelela noma ngesikhathi kuzalwa izinhlanzi ze-salmon, ezizingelayo. Kepha lezi zilwane, zihlangane ngenhlanhla, azikwazi ukubhekwa njengeqembu elilodwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuncintisana phakathi kwabo kungakhula ngaleso sikhathi. Imvamisa, amabhere angamaduna, ukuze asebenzise isandla esisodwa ukusebenzisa ithuba lokudla anele, ahlanganyele kuma-duels omunye komunye, okufakazelwa ngokusobala yizibazi ezivela kuzinzipho namazinyo emihlobiso yazo, evame ukubonakala ezilwaneni ezindala.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zamabhere ezingena ebusika, kepha kuphela nsundu, iHimalaya kanye ne-baribal. Kodwa-ke, kumabhere we-polar, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabo bangalala. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ziphila ngokugcinwa kwamafutha abakwazile ukukuqongelela ekwindla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ibhere libonakala kuphela njengesilwane esihamba kancane futhi esixakile: likwazi ukugijima ngejubane elifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora, futhi likwazi kahle ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla nokubhukuda.
Lesi silwane asizwa kahle, futhi amehlo amabhere amaningi awabona kahle. Kepha kwezinye izinhlobo, amandla okubuka aqhathaniswa nawomuntu, kanti u-baribal uyakwazi nokuhlukanisa imibala, okusiza ukuhlukanisa amantongomane adliwayo nezithelo kokungadliwayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Amabhere ahlala isikhathi eside kubadli bezilwane: iminyaka engu-25-40 endaweni yawo yemvelo. Isikhathi sokuphila ekuthunjweni ngokuvamile side ngisho nangaphezulu.
Izinhlobo zamabhere
Ibhere lesimanje lifaka izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zemikhaya emithathu, futhi izihlobo zazo eziseduze kakhulu ziyi-pinnipeds, i-mustelids, futhi-ke, nezinye izilwane ze-canine.
Amabhere ansundu
Zithathwa njengesinye sezilwane ezinkulu ezidla umhlaba, ubude bomzimba wazo, kwesinye isikhathi, obedlula amamitha amabili, nesisindo esingu-250 kg. Umbala wejazi ungahluka kusuka kokukhanya okuncane kuya kokumnyama noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha umbala onsundu ovame kakhulu, okuvela kuwo lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo.
Ibhere elinsundu ikakhulukazi lihlala emahlathini, womabili ayisicaba futhi anezintaba. Kepha kwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi bayo, itholakala nasezindaweni ezivulekile - emadlelweni e-alpine, ogwini nasetundra.
Lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yodwa futhi ziyindawo enkulu: ngayinye yazo inendawo yayo, indawo yayo ingaba ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-70 kuye kwangama-400.
Ebusika, bavame ukulala ubusika bonke, obuhlala ezinsukwini ezingama-75 kuye kwezingu-195, kuya ngesimo sezulu nezimo zezulu.
Lesi yisilwane esihlakaniphile, esinobuqili, esisheshayo futhi esifuna ukwazi. Amabhele ancamela ukugwema ukuhlangana nabantu. Ziba yingozi kuphela uma zivuka ngaphambi kokuphela kobusika futhi zibe yizinduku okuthiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, lapho ukudla kuyindlala, izilwane ezinjalo zingahlasela izilwane ezifuywayo nabantu. Futhi-ke, ibhere uma lisongelwa amawundlu alo lingakhombisa nolaka.
Cishe ikota yesithathu yokudla kwebhere kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo: amajikijolo, amantongomane, ama-acorn, kanye neziqu ze-herbaceous, izilimo eziyizigaxa nezimpande. Kusuka ekudleni kwezilwane, bancamela ukudla izinhlanzi, kanye nezinambuzane, izibungu, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izibankwa, namagundane. Umdlalo omkhulu uzingelwa njalo futhi, njengomthetho, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kusekhona ukudla okuncane kwezitshalo. Bangazingela ama-ungulates ahlukahlukene - inyamazane, inyamazane, indololwane, inyamazane yenyamazane, icaribou. Kwezinye izingxenye zesifunda, ngokwesibonelo, eMpumalanga Ekude, zingahlasela nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye: izimpisi, amahlosi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamabhere. Bathanda uju kakhulu, kepha njengesinqumo sokugcina abenqabi ukuwa.
Njengamanje, kukhona ama-subspecies amaningana ebhere elinsundu, ahlala ebangeni elikhulu elihlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.
- Ibhere elinsundu laseYurophu. Uhlala ezweni laseYurophu, kanye nasezindaweni ezisentshonalanga yeRussia naseCaucasus. Zitholakala kancane empumalanga: kusukela eYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug enyakatho kuya esifundeni saseNovosibirsk eningizimu. Njengomthetho, umbala woboya babo unombala onsundu, kepha kukhona nabantu ababala ngokukhanyayo.
- Ibhere elinsundu laseSiberia. Ukuphila eSiberia, empumalanga yeYenisei, kutholakala enyakatho nesifundazwe saseChina iXinjiang, enyakatho yeMongolia nasemngceleni weMpumalanga Kazakhstan. Zikhulu ngosayizi: zifika kumamitha ayi-2,5 ubude futhi zifike kumamitha ayi-1.5 lapho zibuna, futhi zinesisindo, ngokwesilinganiso, 400-500 kg. Umbala wejazi unombala onsundu, kuyilapho imilenze ivame ukuba mnyama.
- Ibhere elinsundu laseSyria. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane zihlala ezintabeni zase-Middle East, eSyria, eLebanon, eTurkey, e-Iran nase-Iraq. Kubhekwa njengama-subspecies amancane kunawo wonke amabhere ansundu futhi anemibala elula kakhulu. Ubukhulu bayo abuvamile ukudlula i-150 cm ubude. Umbala walezi zilwane ulula - ikhofi elinsundu ngokunsomi.
- I-Grizzly. Itholakala eNyakatho Melika, e-Alaska, nasentshonalanga yeCanada. futhi nabantu abancane bale subspecies basindile eRocky Mountains naseWashington state. Ubukhulu bebhere le-grizzly buxhomeke ezimweni zendawo yalo yokuhlala: kanye nabantu abakhulu kakhulu, ungathola nezilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi, umbala wejazi ungaba nemibala ehlukahlukene yombala onsundu. Ngaphandle, ayihlukile kakhulu kunebhere elijwayelekile laseYurophu.
- Kodiak. Okukhulu kunakho konke emhlabeni emhlabeni. Bahlala eziqhingini zeziqhingi zase-Kodiak ezisogwini oluseningizimu ye-Alaska. Ubude bazo bungafinyelela kumamitha angu-2.8, ukuphakama kubune - amamitha ayi-1.6, nesisindo esifinyelela ku-700 kg.
- Ibhere elinsundu u-Apennine. Itholakala ezifundazweni eziningana zase-Italy. Ihluka ngosayizi omncane (ubude bomzimba - kufika ku-190 cm, isisindo esisuka ku-95 kuye ku-150 kg). Lezi zilwane, ezimbalwa kakhulu emvelweni, azikhombisi ulaka kubantu.
- Ibhere elinsundu laseHimalaya. Uhlala eHimalaya, kanye naseTien Shan kanye nasePamirs. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-140 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-300 kg. Ngokungafani namanye ama-subspecies, izinzipho zalo zilula, hhayi ezimnyama.
- Ibhere laseJapan elinsundu. Bahlala eMpumalanga Ekude, ikakhulukazi, eSakhalin, ePrimorye, eHokkaido naseHonshu. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya, kukhona abantu abakhulu kakhulu nabancane. Isici samabhere ansundu aseJapan umbala omnyama ovelele, kwesinye isikhathi ucishe ube mnyama.
- Ibhere elimnyama laseKamchatka. Uhlala eChukotka, eKamchatka, eKuril Islands, ogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Kutholakala nasesiQhingini iSt. Lawrence oLwandle iBering. Lezi zinhlayiya zibhekwa njengebhere elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Eurasia: ukuphakama kwalo kungamamitha angu-2.4, futhi isisindo salo sifinyelela ku-650 kg. Umbala ubansundu ngokumnyama, ngombala onsomi obonakalayo.
- Ibhere elinsundu leGobi. Kutholakala ogwadule lwaseGobi eMongolia. Awukhulu kakhulu ngosayizi, umbala wejazi lawo uyahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanyayo ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumhlophe okwesibhakabhaka okumhlophe.
- Ibhere elinsundu laseTibet. Uhlala engxenyeni esempumalanga yeThebetan Plateau. Ihlukaniswa ngejazi le-shaggy elengisiwe nokukhanya kombala okusobala entanyeni, esifubeni nasemahlombe, okudala ukubonakala kwekhola noma ukhololo ogqokwe esilwaneni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukholakala ukuthi ibhere elinsundu laseTibetan laba yisibonelo seYeti ezinganekwaneni zaseTibetan.
UBarabali
Izinhlobo zebhere ezivame kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Ihlukile ku-baribal onsundu ngosayizi omncane (ubude bomzimba wayo ngamamitha ayi-1.4-2) kanye noboya obumnyama, obufushane.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona abezinja abanombala wejazi ohlukile. Isibonelo, eCanada entshonalanga yeManitoba, ongqali besundu abavamile, futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Alaska kukhona okuthiwa "ama-glacial bear" anoboya obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Eziqhingini eziseduze nogu lwaseBritish Columbia, kune-baribal emhlophe, ebizwa nangokuthi iKermode noma i-island polar bear.
Sekukonke, njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezi-16 zabezinja, ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngezici zombala nendawo ezihlala kuyo.
AmaBarhali ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini asezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi, kepha ngokufuna ukudla angaya nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Bakhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila yantambama. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ifihla ubuthongo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, imihume, imifantu yamatshe, isikhala esingaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi umgodi ibhere uqobo eliwumbayo emhlabathini usebenza njengomhume.
Ama-Barbalals omnivorous, kepha isisekelo sokudla kwabo, imvamisa, kungukudla okuvela ezitshalweni, yize bengazenqabeli izinambuzane, inyama, inhlanzi, futhi, kaningi, imfucuza yokudla etholwa yila mabhele ezindaweni zokulahla udoti eduze nezindawo zokuhlala.
Nge-genotype yayo, i-baribal ayisona isihlobo sebhere elinsundu noma le-polar njengele-Himalaya, lapho lolu hlobo lwahlukana khona cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-4.08 edlule.
Amabhere amhlophe
Zithathwa njengezidliwayo ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ubude bomzimba besilisa bungaba ngamamitha ama-3, kanti isisindo singafinyelela ithani eli-1. Ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe linentamo ende ngokuqhathaniswa nenhloko eyisicaba. Umbala wejazi ungasuka kokumhlophe kweqhwa kuye kophuzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi yasehlobo, umbala ophuzi woboya ubonakala kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zinolwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani, kanti izinyawo zimbozwe ngoboya ukuvimbela i-hypothermia nokushibilika eqhweni.
Lesi silwane sihlala ezifundeni ezisemaphandleni enyakatho Nenkabazwe. ERussia ingatholakala ogwini lwase-Arctic lweChukotka Autonomous Okrug, kanye nasemanzini oLwandle iBering neChukchi.
Ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe lithathwa njengomzingeli oqinile noshesha obhukuda kahle emanzini abandayo ase-Arctic. Ngokungafani namanye amabhere adla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, ukudla kwawo kususelwa enyameni yezilwane zasolwandle.
Amabhere asePolar enza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile: ebusika bathuthela ezifundeni eziningi eziseningizimu, ngisho nasezwekazini, kanti ehlobo babuyela enyakatho eyedlulele, eduze kwesigxobo.
Amabhere anezibele ezimhlophe (i-Himalayan)
Bahlala e-Southeast and East Asia, eRussia batholakala e-Far East: e-Ussuriysk Territory nase-Amur Region.
Amabhere anezibele ezimhlophe ahlukile kokusobala ngosayizi abancane (ubude obungu-150-170 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna - ama-80 cm, isisindo esingu-120-140 kg) nomzimba ozacile. Lezi zilwane zinekhanda eliphakathi nendawo maqondana nomzimba onesifonyo esibukhali nezindlebe ezinkulu, ezihlukaniswe kabanzi, ezimise okofele. Ijazi lide futhi liwugqinsi, ikakhulukazi limnyama, kepha abamele lolu hlobo batholakala nangoboya obunsundu noma obubomvu.
Uphawu olukhulu lwangaphandle olunikeze igama lale nhlobo indawo emhlophe noma ephuzi emise okwe-V esifubeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yalolu phawu olumhlophe esifubeni, amabhere anezibele ezimhlophe abizwa nangokuthi amabhere enyanga.
Lezi zilwane zihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye namahlathi omsedari. Zondla kakhulu ngokudla kwezitshalo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi azikuthandi ukudla uju noma izinambuzane, zingalingwa nayizidumbu.
Amabhere anezibele ezimhlophe angabagibeli abahle kakhulu, isigamu sempilo yabo, ngokwesilinganiso, abachitha ezihlahleni, noma ebusika abavamisile ukuhlala emihumeni, kepha emigodini emikhulu.
Ama-pandas amakhulu
Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinezintaba zeCentral China, ezitholakala eSichuan naseTibet. Iyehluka kwamanye amabhere ngombala woboya obumhlophe obumnyama obumnyama noma obinsundu ngokugqamile, umsila omude ngokwedlulele nohlobo lwezinzwane ezingeziwe ezinqeni zayo zangaphambili, lapho ipanda liphatha khona iziqu zoqalo ezondile ngenkathi lidla.
Idla kakhulu ngoqalo, kepha ukudla kwezilwane kuyadingeka ngama-pandas amakhulu njengomthombo wamaprotheni. Ngakho-ke, kanye nokudla koqalo, lezi zilwane zidla amaqanda ezinyoni, kanye nezinyoni ezincane kakhulu nezilwane, kanye nezinambuzane nezidumbu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhathi eside, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-panda enkulu iyi-raccoon enkulu.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwezakhi zofuzo kuphela olukhombisile ukuthi lesi silwane empeleni singabomndeni wamabhere, futhi isihlobo saso esiseduze kakhulu yibhere elibukiwe, elingahlali e-Asia, kodwa eNingizimu Melika.
Sekukonke, kukhona ama-subspecies ama-pandas amakhulu ama-2: ahlala esifundazweni saseSichuan futhi anombala wendabuko omhlophe nomnyama, futhi ohlala ezintabeni zaseQinling esifundazweni saseShaanxi futhi sincane ngosayizi namabala ansundu kunombala omnyama.
Amabhere abukekayo
Lesi ukuphela kwezinhlobo zamabhere ezinobuso obufushane ezisindile emahlathini asezintabeni emthambekeni osentshonalanga ye-Andes eNingizimu Melika. Ngokuyisisekelo, kuhola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku neyantambama.
Isisekelo sokudla kwaso ukudla kokuvela ezimileni, kepha kungadla izinambuzane, kucatshangwa nokuthi amabhere akhazimulayo angazingela ama-guanacos nama-vicunas.
Lesi silwane sinokubukeka okungajwayelekile: sinekhanda elikhulu ngokwengeziwe nomlomo ofushanisiwe. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona ukumakwa okumhlophe noma okuphuzi ngendlela "yezingilazi" lapho lolu hlobo lwavela khona ngegama lalo. Isifonyo nomphimbo nakho kukhanya, ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mamaki ahlangana ne "izibuko". Ubukhulu bomzimba wayo bungamamitha ayi-1.3-2 ubude, isisindo sayo sisuka kuma-70 kuye kuma-140 kg. Ijazi lelo lide futhi lishebe, umbala walo unombala onsundu noma omnyama.
Amabhere aseMalay
Kubhekwa njengabamele abancane kunabo bonke bomndeni webhere: ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli kumamitha ayi-1.5, futhi isisindo saso sisuka ku-27 kuye ku-65 kg. Lezi zilwane, ezibizwa nangokuthi "amabhere elanga" noma ama-biruangs, zihlala esifundazweni sase-Assam e-India zidlula e-Indochina, eMyanmar naseThailand kuya e-Indonesia. Ngokweminye imibiko, ziyatholakala naseningizimu neChina esifundazweni iSichuan.
Lesi silwane sihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, ikakhulukazi emaqeleni nasezintabeni zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kukhuphuka izihlahla ngokuphelele, bese kuzondla ngezithelo nangamaqabunga. Ngokuvamile, i-biruang iwukudla okumangalisayo, kodwa idla izinambuzane nezikelemu ikakhulukazi ngokuzithandela. Ulimi olude noluzacile luvumela leli bhere ukuthi libambe umuhlwa noju.
Ibhere laseMalay linokwakheka okuqinile futhi linekhanda elikhulu impela elinomlomo omfushane obanzi. Izindlebe zincane, ziyindilinga, zihlukaniswe kabanzi. Ijazi lelo lifushane futhi libushelelezi. Umbala umnyama, okhanya ebusweni uphuzi-fawn. Isikhumba esisentanyeni sikhululekile, sakha amafolda, avumela ibhere laseMalay ukuba "lishelele" lisuke emazinyweni ezilwane ezifana nezingwe noma izingwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esifubeni salesi silwane kunophawu olumhlophe noma olumhlophe oluyisimo sehhashi, elifana ngokuma nangombala nelanga eliphumayo, yingakho ama-biruang abizwa ngokuthi "amabhere elanga".
Amabhere amaSloth
Amabhere amaSloth ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNdiya, ePakistan, eNepal, eBhutan, eSri Lanka naseBangladesh. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-180 cm, isisindo singu-54-140 kg.
Umzimba wesilo samavila sikhulu, ikhanda likhulu, isifonyo sinde futhi sincane. Umbala ikakhulu umnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ufakwa ngezinwele ezimpunga, nsundu noma ngokubomvu. Uboya bude futhi buphaphathekile, emahlombe kukhona ukufana komhlwenga ongekho ngisho nakancane. Isifonyo singenaboya futhi sihamba kakhulu, esivumela isilwane ukuthi sidonse izindebe zaso kushubhu. Ulimi lude kakhulu, ngenxa yalo, isilwane singazibamba izintuthwane nomuhlwa.
Kusebusuku, kuyamangalisa. Kukhuphuka izihlahla kahle, lapho kudla khona izithelo. Uyaziwa ngokuthanda uju, waze wathola igama lesidlaliso "uju bear".
Ama-Grolars
Ama-metis wamabhere we-polar nama-grizzlies. Ngokuvamile, inzalo eyingxube yalezi zinhlobo izalwa ema-zoo. Ama-grolars ayivelakancane kakhulu endle, njengoba ama-grizzlies kanye namabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo bevame ukuhlala budebuduze. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona amacala amaningi angawodwa wokuvela kwenzalo ye-hybrid endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Ngaphandle, ama-Grolars abukeka efana namabhere we-polar, kepha uboya bawo bunomthunzi wekhofi omnyama, onsundu noma okhanyayo, kanti abanye abantu babonakala ngokuqina mnyama koboya ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokungcola kwemvelo, indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi zamabhere incipha ngokushesha. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nakho kunomthelela omubi enanini lalezi zilwane ezidliwayo, yingakho amanye amabhere engaze asongelwe ngokuqothulwa maduzane.
Kuze kube manje, kuphela ibhere elinsundu kanye ne-baribal elingathathwa njengezilwane ezithandekayo, ezinikezwe isikhundla se- "Species of Least Concern". Onke amanye amabhere, ngaphandle kwama-grolars, okungadingeki nokuthi kukhulunywe ngawo njengohlobo oluhlukile, ahlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezinobungozi.
Iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi amabhere angenye yezilwane eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo eziningi zomndeni webhere zincike kakhulu endaweni yazo. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu noma ukubhujiswa kwamahlathi abahlala kuwo kungaholela ekuqothulweni kwawo ngokuphelele. Kungalesi sizathu iningi lezinhlobo zamabhere livikelwe futhi lifakwe ohlwini lwe-International Red Book.
