I-Yellowtail, noma i-Lacedra yaseJapan, iyimpilo yasolwandle ene-thermophilic eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Yellowtail Lacedra. Inhlanzi enjalo eyigugu ingummeleli womndeni uCarangidae, ukuhleleka kweScad kanye nohlobo lweSerioli. Ama-yellowtails angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanzi ze-pelagic zesikole, ezisakazeke kakhulu endaweni engasogwini, nasemanzini avulekile.
Incazelo ye-yellowtail
Umdliwayo wasolwandle uSeriola quinqueradiata waziswa kakhulu yizakhamizi zaseJapan, lapho isakhamuzi esinjalo samanzi sibizwa ngokuthi isiphepho noma ihamachi. Ubude obumaphakathi bomuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili kuvame imitha elilodwa nohhafu ngesisindo somzimba esingu-40 kg. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ichthyologists zanamuhla zihlukanisa phakathi kwe-yellowtails ne-lacedras.
Ngokusho kososayensi, i-lakedra ne-yellowtails yizinhlanzi ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ama-yellowtails mancane ngosayizi, ngakho-ke ubude bawo abuvamile ukudlula uphawu lwemitha ngesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayishumi nanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisila ephuzi ingaphezulu ebunzini, njenge-salmon ebomvana, futhi umlomo wenhlanzi enjalo uhlehliselwe phansi ngokusobala. Ku-lacedra, umlomo utholakala phakathi nendawo, futhi umugqa webunzi ubushelelezi ngokuphawulekayo, ngenxa yezici ezithile zokudla.
Ama-Ichthyologists agcizelela ukuthi i-lacedra ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu kune-yellowtail, futhi kungalunga ukubiza inhlanzi enjalo ngegolide, hhayi nge-yellowtail.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Abamele i-squadron mackerel, umndeni we-Stavridovye nohlobo lwe-Serioli banomzimba ovulekile okhumbuza isimo se-torpedo, esicindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini. Ubuso bomzimba buhlanganiswe nezikali ezincane. Emugqeni ohlangothini kunezilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, azikho izivikelo eceleni komugqa ohlangothini. Izinhlangothi ze-caudal peduncle zibonakala ngokuba khona kwe-keel ekhethekileyo yesikhumba. Inhloko yezinhlanzi zeSeriola quinqueradiata inesimo esiyindilinga esine-taper encane.
Umphetho wokuqala we-dorsal we-yellowtail, noma i-lakedra yaseJapan, unemisebe emifushane noma emincane emihlanu noma eyisithupha exhunywe ulwelwesi oluchazwe kahle. Umgogodla utholakala ngaphambi kwesiphetho sokuqala somgogodla, esiqondiswe phambili. Umphetho wesibili wenhlanzi ngemuva unemisebe ethambile engama-29 kuye kwangama-36. Isiphetho sendunu ende sibonakala ngokuba khona kwemisebe emithathu eqinile nemisebe ethambile eyi-17-22. Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi imisebe yokuqala yama-spiny kubantu abadala baseSeriola quinqueradiata igcwele isikhumba.
I-yellowtail ihlukaniswa ngombala othokozisayo: umzimba unombala osasiliva-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onendawo emnyama emnyama emuva nangamaphiko aphuzi, futhi ngamehlo enhlanzi, kusukela empumulweni kuya ekuqaleni kwephasika le-caudal, kukhona umugqa ophuzi kodwa obonakalayo ocacile.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ngendlela yabo yokuphila, i-lachedra ifana nanoma iziphi ezinye izinhlobo ze-mullet eziphila manje. Ngokuhambisana nanoma iziphi izinhlanzi ze-pelagic, ama-yellowtails angabagibeli abahle kakhulu abakwazi ukundiza ngokushesha okukhulu emigqeni yamanzi eminyene. Ngenxa yesikhumba sokubhukuda, umzimba wezinhlanzi ze-pelagic ubonakala ngokuqina okungathathi hlangothi noma okuhle, futhi isitho uqobo senza umsebenzi we-hydrostatic.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka okungokwemvelo kwasenyakatho, ama-yellowtails amadala avame ukuhambisana nezicucu zezinhlayiya zezinombolo ezahlukahlukene, kanye ne-anchovy ne-mackerel, ezizingelwa kakhulu ngumzingeli wasemanzini uSeriola quinqueradiata. Ekwindla, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo esibonakalayo, wonke ama-lakedra amadala nentsha esikhulile ifudukela emanzini aseningizimu, ithuthela ezindaweni zobusika zaminyaka yonke.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-lakedra kanye nozakwethu abaningi abasebenza emanzini kakhulu ukuthi ehlobo nasekwindla, kusuka cishe ngoJulayi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ama-yellowtails asuka ezindaweni eziseningizimu zoLwandle lwaseJapan aye ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, afike eSakhalin nasePrimorye.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-lacedra
Isikhathi esiphakeme sokuphila sabamele umndeni we-Stavridovye (Carangidae), i-oda le-Stavridovye kanye nohlobo lwe-Serioli alulude kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinhlanzi ezinjalo ezidlayo nezingama-thermophilic aziphili ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nambili.
Indawo yokuhlala
Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-Seriola quinqueradiata bahlala ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific. Ngokwendawo, i-lacedra iyinhlanzi yase-East Asia, futhi ama-yellowtails atholakala emanzini aseKorea naseJapan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sasehlobo esifudumele, i-lakedra yabantu abadala ivame ukubhukuda isuka emanzini aseJapan iye endaweni yaseRussia, ngakho-ke itholakala ePrimorsky Territory, kanye nasogwini lwaseSakhalin. Inani elibalulekile lezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezishisayo zitholakala emanzini asogwini ukusuka eTaiwan kuya kumaKuriles aseningizimu.
Ukudla kwe-yellowtail
Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-Seriola quinqueradiata yizilwane ezijwayele ukuzondla zasemanzini ezondla kakhulu ngezinhlanzi. Ama-juveniles amancane we-yellowtail adla kuphela izinhlanzi ezincane, kanye ne-plankton ejwayelekile. Izinhlanzi ezidlayo zizingelwa ngendlela ye-cauldron, lapho umhlambi wemisila ephuzi uzungeze inyamazane yayo engaba yisisulu bese uyikhama ibe uhlobo lwendandatho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudla okubanzi kwabamele umndeni wakwaCarangidae kuhlanganisa:
- isardinella
- ama-sardinops;
- isardadi;
- ama-anchovies;
- i-toothy herring;
- impisi herring;
- dobara.
Ikhulile ekuthunjweni, i-lakedra idla inyama egayiwe elungiselelwe kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zenhlanzi ezinenani eliphansi. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yalezi zinhloso kungasetshenziswa okuphakelayo okukhethekile okuhlanganisiwe, okwenziwa ngesisekelo sefulawa lenhlanzi. Kungenxa yokudla okuncane okunje ukuthi inyama yezinhlanzi ezifuywayo ayisizi kangako futhi iyinambitheka, kepha ngisho nabantu "abamba ukushisa kakhulu" baziswa kakhulu ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle.
Ezindaweni zokuhlala nasezindaweni zokuzingela, ungabona ama-anchovies, i-herring kanye ne-sardines begxuma emanzini betatazela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi ngokwawo abonakala ebila, abukeka njenge-cauldron ebilayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Cishe eneminyaka eyodwa nohhafu, abamele izilwane zasemanzini ezidlayo zomndeni waseStavridaceae nohlobo lweSeriola bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi futhi baqale inqubo yokuzala okusebenzayo. Inqubo yokuzalanisa ngama-yellowtails ihlukaniswe ngokuqinile. Ukutshala izakhamizi zasemanzini iSeriola quinqueradiata uyakwazi ukunweba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa. I-Lacedra ikhiqiza kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, lapho umbuso wokushisa kwamanzi uba ntofontofo ngangokunokwenzeka ekukhuleni okugcwele kwamaqanda.
Amafry asanda kuzalwa akhula kukholamu yamanzi, ngenxa yohlobo lwe-pelagic lamaqanda kanye nesigaba sesibungu sabamele lolu hlobo. Ukuthosa okwandayo kwesilwane esidlayo akudli kuphela eplankton, kepha futhi nasesithombeni se-anchovy, i-horse mackerel ne-herring. Ngokubukeka, i-fry ye-lacedra iyikhophi encane encane yezinhlanzi ezindala. Lapho bekhuliswe ekuthunjweni nasendaweni yabo yemvelo, gazinga bayakhula futhi bakhule ngokushesha okukhulu.
Uhlobo lokuzalisa lokuzenzela lweSeriola quinqueradiata likuvumela ukuthi uthole abantu abanesisindo esihle sokuthengisa cishe unyaka, futhi ezimweni zemvelo, izinhlanzi zasendle ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala zibhekwa njengendebe. Yilaba bantu abavame ukutholakala ezithombeni eziningi. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezithanda ukushisa sekuyisikhathi eside zinikezwe amaJapan ngezinto eziyimfihlakalo kakhulu. Izakhamizi zakuleli lizwe ziyaqiniseka ukuthi noma ngabe uneminyaka emingaki, i-lacedra ingaletha inhlanhla endlini.
Ekukhuliseni okufakelwayo, izibungu ezibanjiwe ziyahlungwa zibekwe emachibini entambo entantayo noma enayiloni ukuvikela ukudliwa kwabantu nokunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zokushoda komoya-mpilo.
Izitha zemvelo
Abamele izikole zempilo yasolwandle ethanda ukushisa i-Seriola quinqueradiata bayizisulu ezilula zezinhlanzi eziningi ezinkulu nezidlayo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ijubane elanele endaweni yasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, abantu babhekwa njengesitha esiyinhloko semvelo se-lacedra. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle eziyigugu zibanjwa ngobuningi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthandwa okumangalisayo kwenyama emnandi nenempilo, emnandi.
Isikhathi sokudoba okusebenzayo kwe-yellowtail lacedra eSouth Korea siqala eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaSepthemba futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekuqaleni kwenyanga yokuqala yasebusika, bese abadobi bezingela izinhlanzi ezinjalo kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. ILakedra, ehlala ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-40-150, ibanjwe ngokuphelele ngejig noma ngezinsimbi ezixegayo ezisetshenziswa ngendlela yokusakaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho nabadobi abangenalwazi, abanenketho efanele yendawo yokudoba, bayakwazi ukubamba izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinesisindo esingu-8-10 kg.
Ekuthunjweni, inani elikhulu labantu libulawa yizifo nezinambuzane, ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-serioles. Futhi ingozi ekhethekile emfuyweni imelwe yisilonda esibi segciwane njenge-vibriosis, ehambisana nezimpawu ezinjengekholera.
Inani lokuhweba
I-Yellowtail ingeyesigaba senhlanzi ebalulekile yokuhweba. EJapane, izinhlobo zasolwandle ze-thermophilic i-Seriola quinqueradiata yinto ethandwa kakhulu futhi efunwayo ye-aquaculture, futhi ikhule ngokufakelwa esikalini sezimboni kusetshenziswa amakheji noma ezindaweni ezibiyelwe ngokukhethekile zamanzi emvelo. Noma iyiphi inhlanzi ebanjwa phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo inamafutha amaningi. I-lakedra yasendle ihlukaniswa nenyama eminyene enokukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha okumnandi kakhulu okuhlala kahle ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokupheka.
Inyama ye-lacedra emnandi inombala obomvu, futhi ukunambitheka kwayo kukhumbuza inyama ye-tuna. IFillet Seriola quinqueradiata icebile ngobuningi be-potassium, i-sodium ne-magnesium, i-iron ne-zinc, i-calcium ne-phosphorus, kanye ne-selenium kanye ne-vitamin complex yonke. Ngaphansi kokwelashwa kokushisa, inyama ye-yellowtail ikhanya kakhulu, kepha ayilahli izakhiwo zayo eziwusizo, futhi inyama eluhlaza ingatholakala ku-sushi nakusashimi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zokupheka izinhlanzi ezinjalo, kepha ukubhaka nokuthosa kubhekwa njengokwakudala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlanzi ezithanda ukushisa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-yellowtail njengamanje zigxile ogwini lwaseJapan naseKorea. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, naphezu kokubamba okusebenzayo, kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhweba, namuhla abamele umndeni obanzi weScarecrow (Carangidae), i-oda leScarecrow nohlobo lweSeriola abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
