Lapho kukhulunywa nge-skunk, abaningi bahwaqabele baveze isimemezelo esithi: "Fuuu!". Yebo Yebo, i-skunk waduma ngokunembile ngenxa yephunga lawo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi igama lakhe lisetshenziselwa ukubiza umuntu onganuki kahle. Kuzoba mnandi ukuqonda izici zokubukeka kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile, ukubonisa imikhuba yaso, ukuchaza isimo, imikhuba yokudla nezindawo zokuhlala unomphela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Skunk
I-Skunk yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama somndeni we-skunk ongaziwa. Muva nje, ama-skunks abekwe phakathi komndeni we-mustelidae ngenxa yokufana kwawo kwangaphandle, kepha ososayensi benze izifundo eziningi zofuzo nezamangqamuzana bathola ukuthi ama-skunks asondelene nomndeni we-panda kunama-mustelids nama-raccoon, njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Umphumela walezi zifundo kwaba ukuthi ama-skunks akhethelwa emndenini ohlukile.
Ividiyo: Skunk
Vele, okokuqala, i-skunk ihlotshaniswa nemfihlo ye-fetid, efihlwa yisilwane ngosizo lwezindlala ezikhethekile zemizuzu ngemizuzu lapho izwa usongo. Ihlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile, onesizotha futhi ngasikhathi sinye umbala oqinile omnyama nomhlophe. Umbala ohluke kangako uyisixwayiso kwabaningi abangabafuni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-skunk jet enuka kabi ingashaya isitha amamitha ayisithupha ukusuka esilwaneni. Iphunga lesikhali esinjalo lihlala isikhathi eside ngokumangalisayo, ngakho-ke akulula neze ukusisusa.
Ngaphezu kwephunga elithile nemibala yoqobo, i-skunk inesibalo esinamandla, esiqinile, imilenze emifushane, ifakwe uzipho oluhle, nomsila omuhle, ocebile, onesihlahla, omude. Ngaphandle, i-skunk ibukeka njengesiphambano phakathi kwebheji ne-ferret. Ama-Zoologists ahlukanisa izigaba ezine ze-skunk, ezihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziyi-12.
Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezine zama-skunks:
- uhlobo lwezingulube zezingulube;
- uhlobo lwama-skunks olunemigqa;
- uhlobo lwama-badger anukayo (ekuqaleni ayengowomndeni weasel);
- uhlobo lwama-skunks anamabala.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-skunk ziyahlukahluka hhayi kuphela endaweni yazo yokuhlala, kodwa futhi ngosayizi, amaphethini wesici ngombala, ngakho-ke, sizoqhubeka sichaze izici zangaphandle zalezi zilwane sisebenzisa isibonelo sezinye izinhlobo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Skunk ibukeka kanjani
I-Skunk imthende okuvame kakhulu kuwo wonke umndeni we-skunk, kuyisilwane esinosayizi ophakathi, kepha sakhiwe ngokwanele. Ubude bomzimba wayo busuka ku-28 kuye ku-38 cm, kanti ubude bomsila buhluka kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-30 cm.Isisindo sesilwane sisuka ku-1.2 kuye ku-5.3 kg. Izitho zifushane, uzipho kuzo zigobile kancane, emilenzeni yangaphambili zinde, kuyadingeka ukumba izimbobo. Izindlebe ze-skunk zifushane, ziqinile, futhi ziyindilinga ngaphezulu. Ingubo ye-skunk inezinwele ezinde kakhulu, kepha uboya bunzima, umsila uphelile futhi ubukeka ucebile.
Umbala wesilwane unesikali esimnyama nomhlophe. Isudi ye-skunk emnyama ifakwe imigqa emhlophe ebanzi ephuma endaweni yekhanda bese yelulekela emuva ngasemsileni, emibala yayo enezinwele kuwo womabili amathoni amnyama namhlophe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kube sekuqaphele ukuthi kubantu abahlukene be-skunk enemigqa, ubude nobubanzi bemigqa emhlophe buhlukile.
I-Skunk mexican ihlukile kohlobo lwangaphambilini ngobukhulu obuncane, isisindo sayo asifinyeleli nakukhilogremu futhi sisuka ku-800 kuye ku-900 gram. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-skunk kunezinketho ezimbili zombala. Esokuqala salokhu yiso esivame kakhulu: umphezulu wesilwane umhlophe qwa, futhi zonke ezinye izingxenye (isisu, isifonyo, izitho) zimnyama. Ohlotsheni lwesibili lombala, kunethoni emnyama futhi ezinhlangothini kuphela kunemivimbo emincane emhlophe ebonakalayo, ingxenye yangaphakathi yomsila, imvamisa, nayo imhlophe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingubo yesilwane yinde futhi ithambile kunaleyo yomcibisholo onemigqa, futhi ngezinwele ezinwetshiwe entanyeni yabizwa ngegama elithi "hood skunk".
I-skunk encane enamabala ayihlukile ngosayizi omkhulu, inobude bomzimba - kusuka ku-23 kuye ku-35 cm, futhi umsila ubude - kusuka ku-11 kuye kuma-cm 22. Emzimbeni omnyama, umhlobiso wemivimbo emhlophe ye-zigzag namamaki uhlale ungowodwana. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nezilwane ezinemibala efanayo. Isilwane sibukeka simangalisa, futhi ukuqhamuka okukude kuyabonakala ngombala wejazi loboya.
I-Skunk South American kungokwenhlobo yezingulube. Isilwane sinosayizi oncomekayo, le skunk ingaba kusuka ku-46 kuye ku-90 cm ubude, isisindo sisuka ku-2.5 kuye ku-4.5 kg. Umsila wesilwane umhlophe qwa, nasemzimbeni waso omnyama kunemivimbo emhlophe esukela emuva kwekhanda iye emsileni, kuphela akukho phethini elimhlophe esifubeni.
USunda Stinky Badger ebizwa nangokuthi i-teledu, ingekahlobo lwe-skunk lwe-badgers ezinukayo, okwafika ngo-1997 lubalwa njenge-weasel. Imbila enukayo iyafana nokubukeka kwebheji evamile. Ubude bomzimba wayo busuka ku-37 kuye kuma-52 cm, kanti isisindo sayo sisuka ku-1.3 kuye ku-3.6 kg. Isilwane sinomsila omfushane kakhulu, cishe ngamasentimitha amane ubude, uboya obukuso bude impela. Ithoni yomzimba evelele imnyama, enemivimbo elula ngemuva.
Manje wazi konke mayelana nejet ekhishiwe nephunga le-skunk. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sihlala kuphi.
Uhlala kuphi umsunu?
Isithombe: Skunk ngokwemvelo
Cishe wonke ama-skunks ahlala endaweni ye-New World. Ama-skunks anemigqa asakazeke ezweni lonke laseNyakatho Melika, ahlanganisa izindawo ezisuka eningizimu yeCanada kuya engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe laseMexico. Ngokuqondene ne-United States, la ma-skunks angatholakala lapho cishe kunoma yisiphi isifundazwe, ngaphandle kweHawaii ne-Alaska.
Ama-skunks ama-pig-nosed (nosed-nosed) angokoqobo ukubona ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu Melika ziye ezindaweni zase-Argentina. Ama-skunks anamabala ngokuvamile ahlala emazweni asePennsylvania naseBritish Columbia, futhi ububanzi bawo buya eCosta Rica. Ngaphandle kwemingcele yamazwe aseMelika, kuhlala kuphela izimbila ezinukayo, zikhethe iziqhingi zase-Indonesia.
Ngokungeziwe emazweni ashiwo ngaphambili, ama-skunks angatholakala ezikhaleni:
- El Salvador;
- EGuatemala;
- IBolivia;
- ENicaragua;
- EChile;
- I-Paraguay;
- EBelize;
- I-Peru.
Ama-skunks ahlala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke akhangwa izindawo ezicaba eduze kwemithombo yamanzi. La mabhungane anomsila abuye azinze emithambekeni enamadwala, imvamisa awekho ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-2 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, yize izibonisi zibonakele zikhuphukela ebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha amane. Izilwane azidluli namahlathi, kodwa azithandi ihlathi eliminyene kakhulu, zikhetha amahlathi alula. Ama-skunks nawo awathandi amaxhaphozi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Skunks awazihluphi nabantu futhi kaningi ahlala emadolobheni nakwezinye izindawo, lapho ahlala efuna ukudla ezindaweni zokulahla udoti nasemikhombeni.
Yini edliwa yisinki?
Isithombe: I-Striped Skunk
Ama-skunks, ngokungangabazeki, angabizwa ngokuthi ama-omnivores, imenyu yawo ihlanganisa kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nezinhlobonhlobo zezimila. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izilwane ziyizilwane ezidlayo.
Ama-skunks ajabulela ukudla okulula:
- amaprotheni;
- unogwaja omncane;
- izibhamu;
- amagundane;
- izinyoka;
- ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izibankwa;
- izibungu;
- izintethe;
- izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene;
- amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane awo.
Izilwane zizodla ngenjabulo ezinhlobonhlobo zemifino nezithelo, okusanhlamvu, amahlamvu, izitshalo ezinobuthi namantongomane. I-Skunk ne-carrion azikudeleli. Njengoba kushiwo, ogebhezi abahlala ezigodini zabantu badla imfucuza yokudla ezindaweni zokulahla udoti nasemigqonyeni kadoti.
Ama-skunks ayazingela kusihlwa, esebenzisa ukuzwa kwabo okujulile nomuzwa ojulile wephunga. Njengoba sebebone inyamazane yabo, ngokwesibonelo, isibankwa, bayamba phansi, badudule amatshe bahlukanise, bajabulise amaqabunga awile ngamakhala abo ukuze bafike esisulu. Ama-skunks abamba amagundane ngamazinyo, konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokugxuma. Uma isisulu esibanjiwe sinesikhumba esinolaka kakhulu noma sinameva, izilwane ezinobuqili ziqala zisigingqe phansi. Ama-skunks athunjiwe abhekwe njengaphindwe kabili kunabalingani bawo basendle. ukudla kwabo kugcwele kakhulu ngamafutha.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-skunks anezinyo elimnandi, athanda uju nje, awudle kanye nezinkamba nezinyosi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: American Skunk
Ama-skunks asebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku, bese ephuma emigodini yawo eyofuna ukudla. Bayakwazi ukumba ngokuphelele, kepha bazama ukungena emigodini yabanye abantu ukuze baphile. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-skunk zikhuphuka kahle emiqhele yezihlahla, kepha izilwane eziningi azikwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni, futhi wonke ama-skunks abhukuda kahle.
Izilwane, ezibhaliswe ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ziqala ukugcina amanoni ekwindla ukwenza kube lula ukudlula ebusika, yize ukulala ubusika kungavamile kubo, kepha izilwane ziba buthuntu futhi zingabi namandla ebusika, zingashiyi izindawo zazo zokuhlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezifudumele. Zilala emigodini ngamaqembu amancane, afaka owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana.
Ukuphuma ku-torpor yasebusika, ama-skunks akhetha ukuhlala wedwa. Ubuzwe balezi zilwane abuhlukile, ababeki amamaki emingceleni yezabelo zomhlaba. Indawo yokudla yabesifazane ingahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele amabili kuya kwamane, kanti kwabesilisa ingafinyelela kuma-20.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani nomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela nokuzwa, imvelo ayinikezi izingcwecwe ngamehlo abukhali, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuhlukanisa noma yini engaphezu kwamamitha amathathu.
Uma sikhuluma ngomlingiswa we-skunk, khona-ke uyabekezeleleka, ungathanjiswa, okuvame ukwenziwa emazweni afana ne-Great Britain, i-Italy, i-USA, i-Germany ne-Netherlands. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezivame kakhulu ama-skunks anemigqa, okususwa izindlala zawo ze-fetid. Abanikazi bezilwane ezingaphandle baqinisekisa ukuthi ama-skunks ayakujabulela ukuxhumana futhi alungele ukugcinwa kwekhaya, abe ngabangane beqiniso.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Skunk
Ama-skunks ayavuthwa ngokocansi anonyaka owodwa, kanti isikhathi sabo somshado siqala ngenyanga yokuqala yasentwasahlobo noma vele ngoFebhuwari futhi sihlala cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ngalesi sikhathi esineziyaluyalu, abesilisa bangaba nolaka futhi bahlanganyele ekulweni nabancintisana nabo ngokutholwa kowesifazane we-skunk. Ama-skunks angabizwa ngesithembu; owesilisa oyedwa unezinsikazi eziningana zokukhwelana ngasikhathi sinye. Owesilisa ubamba iqhaza kuphela ekukhulelweni, akaveli ngokuqhubekayo empilweni yenzalo yakhe.
Isikhathi sokumitha sithatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili. Insikazi izala izingane ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi, kepha imvamisa kuba nezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha zazo. Isisindo sezingane cishe ngama-gramu angama-23, lapho zizalwa ziyizimpumputhe futhi azizwa, isikhumba sazo sifana ne-velvet enombala ofanayo nowezihlobo ezivuthiwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Skunkfish ibonakaliswa yisimo esinjengokwehlukaniswa kombungu (ukubambezeleka kokukhula kombungu). Kulesi simo lapho ukukhulelwa kuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Cishe amasonto amabili ubudala, imidlwane ye-skunk ithola amandla okubona, futhi lapho isiseduze nenyanga isivele ikwazi ukungena endaweni yokuzivikela. Bangasebenzisa isikhali sabo se-fetid esivele sinenyanga eyodwa nohhafu. Umama welapha izingane cishe amasonto ayisikhombisa. Baqala ukujwayela ukuzondla ngokwabo ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ubusika bokuqala benzeka emgodini kamama, kuthi ngonyaka ozayo, ocelemba abancane kuzofanele bathole indawo yabo yokukhosela. Ezimweni ezinzima zasendle, ama-skunks aphila cishe iminyaka emithathu noma emine kuphela, futhi ekuthunjweni angaphila iminyaka eyishumi nambili. Izilwane eziningi eziningi ziyafa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kunobufakazi bokuthi abantu abayishumi kwabayikhulu kuphela abanganqoba ngempumelelo ubusika bokuqala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-skunk
Isithombe: Ama-Skunks Anemigqa
I-skunk inesikhali samakhemikhali esesabekayo ku-arsenal yayo, kepha ayethusi wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke inezitha ezimweni zemvelo, noma ngabe zincane.
Phakathi kwabafisi ababa yingozi kukhona:
- izimpungushe;
- ama-coyotes;
- iphampu;
- izimbila;
- amabhere;
- I-lynx yaseMelika;
- izidlova ezinamaphiko (izikhova).
I-fluffy skunk ikude nokulula futhi sekuyisikhathi eside isungula izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuzivikela. Okokuqala, isilwane sikhiqiza indlela yokuxwayisa: iphakamisa umsila wayo, ithathe indawo yayo yokuhlasela, inyathele phansi ngezinyawo zayo, ikhiphe i-hiss, ingama ezinyaweni zayo zangaphambili futhi idale ukulingisa kwesibhamu esingelona iqiniso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wenza ngobuntu, enikeza isitha ithuba lokuhlehla ngaphandle kokugeza i-fetid. Uma isitha sinenkani futhi siqhubeka nokuhlasela, lo skunk uphenduka asongelwe aye ebhizinisini, ame ezingalweni zangaphambili, agobe umhlane wakhe enze i-jet shot ehlose kahle. Into ye-skunk enamafutha iyacasula kakhulu emehlweni omphikisi, kwesinye isikhathi idala ukungaboni kwesikhashana.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ikhemikhali elibizwa nge-butyl mercaptan litholakala kwizindlala ezibhangqene, ezimpundu, nezisansimbi ezizungeze imisipha, futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-jets nokudubula ngemigodi embalwa. I-substrate enephunga elibi yanele isibhamu esingu-5 noma esingu-6, yonke imfihlo esetshenzisiwe enukayo iphinde iqoqwe futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Vele, izidalwa eziningi, lapho zike zabona umfudlana we-skunk okungenani kanye, aziphindi zisondele kulesi silwane, sizikhumbula ngemibala yaso egqamile. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi izinyoni zigcinwa kakhulu ngephunga elingazweli kakhulu, ngakho-ke ziyaqhubeka nokuhlasela ama-skunks. Umuntu ocekela phansi izilwane ngenxa yephunga lazo angabalwa njengezitha zomqubuko. Ama-skunks avame ukuhlushwa yizilwane ezihlasela izidleke zezinkukhu. Abantu babulala izilwane ngoba Ama-skunks avame ukuhlushwa amarabi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Skunk Encane
Ama-skunks asezinze kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika, egcwele izinhlobo eziningi. Ungakhohlwa ngezimbila ezinukayo ezihlala e-Indonesia. Kunezici eziningana ezithinta kabi ubukhulu besibalo skunk. Okokuqala, laba ngabantu ababulala izidenge ngamabomu ngenxa yokunuka kwabo okwandayo nokuthambekela kwamarabi. Kwesinye isikhathi ogebenga bayazingelwa ukuze bathole uboya babo, obubaluleke kakhulu kepha obungasetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba iphunga laso elibi kunzima kakhulu ukulisusa, futhi kaningi alinakwenzeka.
Umuntu ucekela phansi imihuzuko ngokungaqondile, ebasusa ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala futhi aqhube nemisebenzi yabo enobudlova. Inani elikhulu lezilwane lifa emigwaqweni emikhulu. Ama-skunks avame ukuba ngabathwali bezifo ezahlukahlukene (i-histoplasmosis, amarabi), ngenxa yokuthi nawo uqobo ahlupheka. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu lingalandelwa ezilwaneni ezincane, okungamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela asinda ngempumelelo onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila.
Ngokumangazayo, naphezu kwazo zonke izici ezimbi, ama-skunks asemaningi, awasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, futhi izilwane azidingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela, ezingathokozi kodwa. Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lezi zilwane ezithokozisayo azithobeki ekukhetheni ukudla futhi zingahlala ezinhlobonhlobo zamathafa, kubandakanya nezasemadolobheni. Ungabukeli phansi amandla ezikhali zabo ezithile, ezivame ukusindisa izimpilo eziningi ze-skunk ezivela kubantu abahlukumezayo abahlukahlukene.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukungeza lokho i-skunk kuletha abantu inzuzo enkulu ngokudla amagundane ahlukahlukene nezinambuzane ezicasulayo. Yize kunjalo, ubukeka ekhanga kakhulu, ejabule futhi eqinile engutsheni yakhe yokugqoka emnyama futhi emhlophe, nomsila ontofontofo, njengomlandeli, ungeza nje ubuhle nobuhle. Into esemqoka ukwethusa noma ukuphazamisa le mod, ukuze isifutho esimnandi esinamakha singasebenzi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/24/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 46
