Isiphambano - inyoni yezingoma emangalisayo, ehlukaniswa ngokuhlukile ngezindlela eziningana. Okokuqala, lokhu kuyisimo esingajwayelekile somlomo, okwesibili, umbala ogqamile nowangempela, kanti okwesithathu, ukukhetha isikhathi esingafanele ngokuphelele sonyaka womshado nokutholwa kwenzalo. Kuzo zonke lezi zinto ezicashile, sizozama ukukuthola ngokutadisha imikhuba yezinyoni, isimo, izici zangaphandle nezindawo zokuhlala ezithandwayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Klest
I-Klesty yizinyoni ezincane zezingoma ezise-oda labantu abadlulayo kanye nomndeni wezintaka. UKlest angabizwa ngokuthi inyoni yasendulo, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi okhokho bakhe babehlala emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-9 noma eziyishumi edlule. Izinhlobo zezinyoni eziyinhloko zakhiwa ezindaweni ze-spruce namahlathi ephayini atholakala enyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Ividiyo: Klest
Izinganekwane nezinsumansumane zakhiwa nge-crossbill, ngokusho kwesinye sazo ibizwa ngokuthi inyoni kaKristu. Kukholakala ukuthi ngesikhathi uKristu ebethelwa esiphambanweni futhi ehlushwa esiphambanweni, kwakuyi-crossbill eyayizama ukumsindisa, isusa izipikili emzimbeni wakhe, yingakho wagoba umlomo wakhe. Le nyoni encane ibingenawo amandla anele, ngaphandle komlomo kuphela, i-crossbill ilimele, nesifuba sayo sigcwele igazi.
INkosi ibonge lenyoni ngemizamo yayo futhi yayinika izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile futhi ezimangazayo, okuyilezi:
- ngoqhwaku lwesiphambano;
- ukuzalwa kwenzalo enezimpaphe "kaKhisimusi";
- ukungonakali kothuli lwezinyoni.
Zonke lezi zipho zikaNkulunkulu azijwayelekile kakhulu, zihlotshaniswa nempilo nokubukeka kwe-crossbill, esizozama ukuzihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe. I-crossbill ayihlukani ngobukhulu obukhulu, inkudlwana kunondlunkulu ojwayelekile, ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-20.
Ekhanda elikhulu impela, uqhwaku olungavamile nolungokoqobo luyabonakala ngokushesha, izingcezu ezigoqiwe ezingahambelani futhi zigqagqene. Imilenze yezinyoni iqinile futhi inokuqina okuhle, ngakho-ke i-crossbill ingalenga egatsheni ikhanda layo libheke phansi. Abesilisa abanezimpiko bahlukile kwabesifazane ngemvunulo yabo ebukekayo futhi ekhangayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani i-crossbill
Ubukhulu be-crossbill busobala, kepha isisindo sayo sihluka kusuka kuma-gramu angama-50 kuye kwangama-60. Umzimba wonke wale nyoni ubukeka uyindilinga ngenxa yesibalo esinyene nesiqu kanye nentamo emfushane.
Embala wezimpaphe ezimibalabala, ungabona izithunzi:
- iwolintshi;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- okumhlophe;
- okuphuzi okumpunga;
- amathoni abomvu klebhu.
Njengoba sekushiwo, owesilisa ubukeka ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ewubuciko, ngoba inezimpaphe eziqhakazile, eziphethwe yimibala ebomvu noma ebomvu klebhu, futhi isisu sayo sinemigqa emhlophe mpunga. Abesifazane babukeka benesizotha kakhulu, izimpaphe ezimpunga neziluhlaza ezichazwe ngomngcele ophuzi noluhlaza okotshani.
Ngokuvamile, izazi ze-ornithologists zihlukanisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-crossbill, ezintathu zazo ezinendawo yokuhlala unomphela endaweni yezwe lethu: i-crossbill enamaphiko amhlophe, i-spruce crossbill, i-pine crossbill. Ake sichaze izici zangaphandle zalezi zinyoni sisebenzisa isibonelo sezinhlobo ezithile.
UKlest-elovik (ejwayelekile) inobude bomzimba obungu-17 kuya ku-20 cm.Owesilisa ubonakala ngombala obomvu klebhu ngesisu esimpunga ngokumhlophe. Izinsikazi ezifiphele zinemibala e-grey-green futhi ephuzi. Umlomo ocijile awugobile kakhulu futhi uyagqagqana kancane. Amakhanda ezinyoni makhulu impela, futhi isisindo sisuka ku-43 kuye ku-55 gram.
Iphayini eliwela umgwaqo ngombala kuyafana nokuhlukahluka kwangaphambilini. Ihlukaniswa ngomlomo omkhulu oshayayo futhi oshayayo oshaya kancane, ekugcineni obala. Ubude benyoni bungu-16 - 18 cm, kanti isisindo cishe siyi-50 gram.
I-crossbill enamaphiko amhlophe ngemibala yezimpiko, enephethini elimhlophe ngendlela yemivimbo noma ama-specks, ibonakala ngokushesha ngokumelene nesizinda esimnyama. Ezimpapheni zeduna, amawolintshi, obomvu klebhu nokubomvu kubonakala, kanti insikazi iba mpunga-mpunga. Ubude bale crossbill bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-16, kanti isisindo sayo siyahluka kusuka ku-43 kuye ku-50 gram.
Isiphambano saseScotland kuvamile e-UK. Ubukhulu bayo nabo buncane, ubude benyoni bufinyelela ku-15 kuye ku-17 cm, futhi bunesisindo esingu-50 gram.
Uhlala kuphi umnqamlezo?
Isithombe: Klest eRussia
I-Crossbones izakhamuzi ezinamaphiko emahlathini e-coniferous enyakatho yezwe. Zikhetha amahlathi e-coniferous futhi axubekile, edlula amahlathi emisedari. Uma ubuzwa ukuthi ngabe i-crossbill iyathutha noma ihleli nje, umuntu angaphendula ngokuthi ngumhambuma. Le nyoni yenza ukunyakaza njalo ifuna ukudla, ngaphandle kokuba nendawo echazwe ngokuqinile. Lapho kukhona isivuno esikhulu sezihlahla ze-coniferous, futhi kunokuqoqwa okukhulu kwama-crossbill. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ama-crossbill kungenzeka angatholakali lapho bekukhona khona amaningi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.
Ngegama lezinhlobo ezithile zalezi zinyoni, kuyacaca ukuthi i-crossbill ikhetha amahlathi anjani ukuhlala kuwo. U-Klest-elovik, okokuqala, uthanda amahlathi e-spruce, kepha uhlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala eYurophu, ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ePhilippines, e-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi.
Isihlahla sikaphayini sithanda amahlathi kaphayini, futhi indawo esihlala kuyo iseScandinavia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeYurophu. Kuyinto engaphansi kakhulu kune-spruce crossbill. I-crossbill enamaphiko amhlophe yayihlala ezindaweni ze-taiga yaseRussia, izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika naseScandinavia, lapho ihlala kaningi kulezo zindawo lapho kukhula khona i-larch. Kuyacaca ukuthi i-crossbill yaseScotland ihlala e-UK, idlangile.
Ama-Crossbones ahlala ethuthela ezindaweni ezinokudla okuningi, zona, ngaphezu kwamahlathi, zingatholakala ezindaweni:
- isikhunta;
- ama-steppes;
- izintaba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi bathole ama-crossbill, lapho izazi ze-ornithologists zihoxe khona, ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-3500 ukusuka ezindaweni zazo zangaphambili.
Yini edliwa yihlathi?
Isithombe: Igatsha lenyoni
Umuntu kufanele abone kuphela ukuthi i-crossbill ngobuchule igoba kanjani izikali ezinzima zamakhoni futhi ikhiphe imbewu ngaphansi kwayo, kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi kungani anikezwa uqhwaku olungavamile lwesiphambano. Izidladla zempaphe eziqinile zibambelela ngokuqinile emagatsheni futhi zisize ukukhotha izigaxa, zilenga zibheke phansi.
Ngeke ubone okuningi okuhlukahlukene kumenyu ye-crossbill. Ngokuphathelene nokudla kwazo, lezi zinyoni zingabizwa ngokuthi ochwepheshe abanolwazi kakhulu ekudleni imbewu ye-coniferous, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezinyoni. Imvamisa, ama-crossbill adonswa embewini ka-sunflower, kepha izinambuzane ezisemenyu yazo zitholakala kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile, imvamisa izinyoni zidla izintwala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngezikhathi zasehlobo ezinciphile, iziphambano ziyajabula ukucofa imbewu yotshani basendle, futhi kaningi ngezikhathi ezinjalo zendlala imihlambi yonke yezinyoni ihlasela amasimu ahlwanyelwe ngezitshalo ezilinyiwe.
Imvamisa, lapho kudliwa imbewu kwizigaxa, kuphela ingxenye yesithathu yazo ehlutshiwe, i-crossbill ayizami ukukhipha okusanhlamvu okunganikezeli kahle, kulula kakhulu ukuthi iqale ukukhipha esinye isigaxa. Izigaxa ezingadliwanga ngokuphelele futhi azinyamalali, ziphonsa phansi, i-crossbill iphakela amagundane, izingwejeje nabanye abathandi bokudla okunjalo. Ama-Crossbill adla i-spruce ne-pine buds, i-resin kanye namagxolo esihlahla. Le nyoni ngeke yenqabe kusuka kumbewu we-maple, umlotha, umuthi we-fir kanye ne-larch. Ama-crossbill, ahlala ekuthunjweni, adla ngenjabulo intaba yomlotha, i-oatmeal, izikelemu zokudla, amabele, i-hemp, amantongomane nojongilanga.
Manje uyazi ukuthi uzondla ngani i-crossbill. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni ihlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Klest ngokwemvelo
UKlesty uyimihambima yangempela, uhlala ehambela lapho kunenqwaba yokudla abakudingayo. Ukuze benze lokhu, bahlangana ngemihlambi yabantu abangama-20 noma abangama-30. Azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezifudukayo noma ezihlala phansi. Lezi zinyoni ziyasebenza emini, zichitha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu emqhele womuthi, lapho zifuna khona ukudla. Izinyoni azivamile ukwehlela phansi, zikhetha ukuba phezulu emagatsheni. UKlest uhamba kakhulu futhi uyashesha, undiza ngokuphelele, indlela yakhe yokundiza imvamisa i-wavy. Lezi zinyoni ezincane azesabi isithwathwa nhlobo, ngakho-ke zihlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile impela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-crossbill enamaphiko amhlophe izwa kamnandi, noma ngabe izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lingama-degree angama-50 anophawu lokususa. Le nyoni iyaqhubeka neziqu zayo ngisho naseqhweni elinjalo.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-crossbill iyacula. Kepha ucula, kaningi, lapho ebaleka. Ukubona ukuthi i-crossbill ihleli kanjani emagatsheni futhi icula izingoma kuyinto etholakala kalula; ngenkathi ehleli, uvame ukuthula, enanela nezinye izinyoni kuphela ngesikhathi sezindiza. Ingoma ye-crossbill ifana nokuhayiza okuxutshwe nomlozi omkhulu, kuzwakala amanothi acashile aphakeme.
Uhlobo lwezimpaphe lungahlulelwa ngabantu abahlala ekuthunjweni. Abathandi bezinyoni baqinisekisa ukuthi ama-crossbill ayathandana kakhulu, anobungane futhi athembekile. Izinyoni kulula ukuzithambisa futhi zinobuhlakani, zingafundiswa imiyalo ethile elula. UKlest angalingisa amazwi ezinye izinyoni, enekhono lokugcwalisa i-trill yakhe nazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Songbird crossbill
Okucacile ngama-crossbill ukuthi inzalo yabo ingazalwa ngesikhathi sokubanda kwasebusika, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi babizwa ngezinyoni zikaKhisimusi, ngoba kungaleli holide elikhulu lapho bavame ukuthola amatshwele. Maphakathi neRussia, ama-crossbill aqala ukwakha izidleke ngoMashi. Isikhathi sokuphindaphinda sokudlela senzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwesizini yasekwindla, lapho imbewu ivuthwa ezihlahleni ze-larch kanye nephayini. Lapho isivuno sembewu ye-coniferous sicebe kakhulu, izinyoni zakha izidleke ngisho nasesiqongweni samakhaza asebusika.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi somshado sama-crossbill asincikile esikhathini esithile sonyaka, sihlobene ngqo nokuvunwa kwezihlahla ze-coniferous.
Ama-crossbill wokwakha izidleke ahlelwe kuma-spruces, asebenzisa amaphayini kaningi, angaphakama ngamamitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-10. Ngaphandle, izidleke zilukiwe ngamahlumela we-spruce amancane; ngaphakathi, amahlumela amancane kanye nodoti wobulembu, ubulembu, izimpaphe, izinwele zezilwane nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Ububanzi besidleke bucishe bube yi-13 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwayo kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-10 cm.
I-clutch ye-crossbill iqukethe amaqanda amhlophe amathathu noma amahlanu ngethoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, igobolondo lawo lihlotshiswe ngemigqa ye-burgundy. Isikhathi sokufukamela amasonto amabili. Sonke lesi sikhathi, owesifazane ufukamela inzalo, futhi ubaba ozayo unakekela ukudla kwakhe. Izingane eziqanduselwe zimbozwe ngwevu futhi obukhulu obukhulu. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, umama onezimpaphe afudumeza amaphuphu ngomzimba wakhe, bese kuthi, kanye nabesilisa, bahambele ukudla kwezingane zabo.
Sekunamasonto amathathu ubudala, amaphuphu aqala ukwenza izindiza zawo zokuqala, kepha awahambi amabanga amade ukusuka endaweni yokwakha izidleke futhi ahlala ubusuku kuwo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphuphu azalwa enomlomo oqondile, ngakho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, abazali abanezimpiko abanakekelayo bayabondla. Izingane kancane kancane ziqala ukusika ngobuciko ikhono, futhi uqhwaku lwazo luba njengezihlobo zabantu abadala. Uma kusondela unyaka owodwa, izimpaphe zezilwane ezisencane ziba njengezinyoni esezivuthiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuthunjwa, ama-crossbill aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10; endle, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane.
Izitha zemvelo zama-crossbill
Isithombe: Igatsha lenyoni
UKlest waba nenhlanhla enkulu ngoba akanazo izitha ezimweni zemvelo. Into ukuthi kwezinye izilwane nezinyoni ezinkulu i-crossbill ayiyona intshisekelo ye-gastronomic, ngoba iyababa futhi ayinambitheki ngenxa yokuthi idla imbewu ye-coniferous ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa yokudla okuqondile kwezinyoni, umzimba we-crossbill uqukethe ukuminyana okuphezulu kwama-coniferous resins, ngakho-ke, i-crossbill iyazigcoba uqobo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngemuva kokufa, umzimba we-crossbill awuboli, kepha uphenduka ube mummy, konke ngenxa yenhlaka efanayo ye-coniferous lapho umzimba wayo ugcwele khona. Lokhu kufakazela inganekwane mayelana nokungonakali komzimba wale nyoni, iNkosi uqobo eyinikeze i-crossbill.
Izitha ze-crossbill zingabangelwa umuntu ongayibhubhisi ngqo le nyoni, kepha ethinta kakhulu impilo yayo ngokungaqondile, ephazamisa ama-biotopes emvelo, egawula amahlathi, enza isimo semvelo sibe sibi kakhulu. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo, wezomnotho, wabantu unomphumela omubi enanini lezinyoni, inani lazo elincipha kancane kancane. UKlestam akanandaba nesithwathwa esinzima nempilo enokhahlo emahlathini asehlathini. Le nyoni ayizesabi izidlakela eziyingozi, kuphela imisebenzi yabantu eyingozi enkulu ezinyonini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukondla amaphuphu, iziphambano ezihamba phambili zithambisa imbewu ye-coniferous ku-goiter yabo, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi izingane zizigwinye futhi zizigaye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani i-crossbill
Mayelana nobungako besibalo esiphambanweni, akunakushiwo ngokungangabazeki ukuthi sikusiphi isikhundla. Iqiniso ngukuthi cishe zonke izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zihlala zihamba zisuka ezindaweni ngezindawo zifuna izindawo ezicebile ngokudla okunezimpaphe. Kwenzeka ukuthi lapho kwakukhona ama-crossbill amaningi, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa anyamalale ngokuphelele, athuthele kumasayithi amasha, futhi avele lapho ayengabonwa khona ngaphambili ngamanani amakhulu. Kwaphawuleka ukuthi inani lemfuyo unyaka nonyaka ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene lishintsha njalo. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuya ngesivuno sama-conifers.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinsukwini zakudala, abaculi nabaculi ababezulazula babethambise ama-crossbill ababekwazi ukuthola amathikithi e-lotto ngemilomo yabo futhi babamba iqhaza ekubikezeleni inhlanhla, benza imigilingwane efundiwe.
Ukushintshashintsha kwamanani ngokuvamile kuyisici se-spruce crossbill, izinqa ezinjalo azibonwa esihlahleni sikaphayini, kubhekwa njengenhlobo ejwayelekile kakhulu, yize lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlala ngokuthula. Njengoba sekushiwo, inani labantu abawela ezifundeni eziningi bahlupheka ngenxa yento eyenziwa abantu njalo, kususa izinyoni ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala nezizijwayele. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ama-coniferous kunomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yalezi zinyoni zezingoma. Kwezinye izindawo, i-crossbill iya ngokungajwayelekile, okwenza ukukhathazeka kwabalondolozi bemvelo, ngakho-ke kwethulwa izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela ezindaweni ezinjalo ukukhuthaza impilo yezinyoni enhle nejabulisayo.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Crossbill
Isithombe: Igatsha lenyoni
Ngaphambilini kwaphawulwa ukuthi inani le-crossbill kwezinye izifunda lihamba kancane, kepha liyancipha, kunezindawo lapho inyoni ithathwa njengeyivelakancane. Konke lokhu kungenxa yemisebenzi yabantu esebenzayo, okuthi, kwesinye isikhathi, ingacatshangwa futhi ilimaze abamele abaningi bezilwane zasendle, kufaka phakathi ama-crossbill.
I-Klest-elovik ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Moscow kusukela ngo-2001, le nyoni ingeyesigaba sesibili futhi ithathwa njengeyivelakancane kule ndawo. Izici ezikhawulela kakhulu indawo encane yamahlathi esihlahla sonwele futhi ukwehla kwawo kancane kancane ngenxa yokwehla kwezindawo noma ukukhula kwamahlathi axubekile. Ama-Elks alimaza kabi izihlahla zikaKhisimusi ezisencane, ngakho-ke ama-conifers amancane awabeki izihlahla ezindala zama-fir.
Ngaphezu kokufakwa kwiRed Book, kunconywa lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo futhi ziyenziwa:
- ukufakwa kwezindawo zezidleke zezinyoni unaphakade ohlwini lwezinto zemvelo ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile;
- ukunwetshwa kohlelo oluthile lokukhulisa indawo yamahlathi esihlahla sonwele kanye nokulondolozwa ngendlela efanele yamahlathi ase-spruce akhona;
- ukwehlisa inani lama-moose libe sezingeni eliphephile labanye abantu abahlala ehlathini nezitshalo;
- ukwenqatshelwa kokwenziwa ngcono nokulinywa kwamahlathi e-coniferous nokulondolozwa kwawo ngendlela yawo yemvelo, engahlanzekile.
Ukufingqa, kusala ukungeza lokho isiphambano ngempela, inyoni ethakazelisa kakhulu. Njengoba kwatholakala, okwakhe akukhona nje kuphela ezakhiweni zangaphandle, kodwa futhi nasemfanekisweni wokuphila kwezinyoni okungavamile. Ngokucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwemininingwane ngalezi zinyoni, umuntu akayeki ukumangala ngamakhono abo namakhono abo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuze kuvele nombuzo othi: "Mhlawumbe yiNkosi uqobo eyinikeze ama-crossbill anezici ezingavamile nezingajwayelekile kwezinye izici ezinamaphiko?"
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/27/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/30/2019 ngo-18: 24
