I-dormouse (i-Glis glis) iyigundane, isakhamuzi esivamile emahlathini aseYurophu anqabile, awaziwa kangako ngenxa yemfihlo yawo yemvelo futhi ahola impilo yasebusuku. Kulezi zinsuku, i-dormouse ivame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-exot enjalo isezingeni lokujula okujulile izinyanga eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili phakathi nonyaka, futhi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ayithandi kakhulu ukuxhumana nabantu.
Incazelo yebutho le-sony
Isayizi enkulu kunazo zonke, i-dormouse inkulu kakhulu kunesihlobo sayo esiseduzane, i-hazel dormouse. Igundane linokubukeka okuhlekisayo, kepha lapho liboshiwe isilwane esinjalo asiqedi ngokuphelele futhi, uma siphathwa ngokunganaki noma ngokungafanele, singaluma umnikazi waso ngokuqinile.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buhluka phakathi kuka-13-18 cm, nobunzima obungu-150-180 amagremu. Ngokubukeka, leli butho lifana nesikwele esincane esimpunga, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezinhlamvu ezindlebeni ezizungezwe ngesimo. Izintende nezinyawo akunalutho, kuvuleke ngokwanele, kuneminwe eguquguqukayo. Mina no-V iminwe ihlukaniswa ukuhamba okukhethekile onyaweni, okwazi ukubonakala kalula kweminye iminwe. Amabhulashi akhishwa ngaphandle nge-angle engama-30mayelana... Ngenxa yalesi sici, ama-regiment angahamba ngisho nasemagatsheni amancane.
Isilwane esinama-nimble sikhuphuka ngokushesha naphezulu ngeziqu zemithi, singagxuma sisegatsheni size sifike kumamitha ayishumi. Umsila we-dormouse uluhlaza okotshani, u-grey-mhlophe ngebala, ngobude obumaphakathi obuyi-11 kuye ku-15 cm.Uboya beqembu abuphakeme kakhulu, kepha bunobuhlaza, obunezinwele eziphansi kakhulu. Umbala ngaphambili ucishe ube yi-monochromatic ngokuphelele. Umbala ubuswa yimibala emibili kuphela: okumpunga okunsundu noboya obubhemayo ngemuva, kanye nokumhlophe noma okuphuzi endaweni yesisu. Amasongo amnyama amnyama angaba khona azungeze amehlo, kwesinye isikhathi acishe angabonakali.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi i-dormouse yabantu abadala inama-vibrissae amade ahamba njalo, kepha intshebe yangakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla iyakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela ngokuphelele komunye nomunye.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
AbakwaSony regiment banamathele kakhulu emahlathini axubekile nalawo aqinile, lapho benendawo yokudla ehlukahlukene. Izilwane zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi eziminyene, ezibonakala ngenani elibonakalayo lezihlahla zasendle zamajikijolo nezithelo. Imvamisa i-dormouse ihlala ezingadini nasezivinini noma eduze kakhulu nayo. Ezintabeni, isilwane esincelisayo siyakwazi ukukhuphukela emingceleni yamahlathi ahlabayo, kuze kufike kumamitha angaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
I-dormouse izwa kahle ehlathini elivuthiwe elinobuningi beech, i-oki, i-hornbeam ne-linden, ngomhlonyane ocebile osuselwe ezihlahleni zezithelo ngohlobo lwe-hawthorn, i-dogwood ne-hazel, kanye ne-honeysuckle. Engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yebanga laseRussia, i-dormouse ihlala emahlathini e-oak-linden ane-maple, i-elm, i-aspen, i-hazel, enama-raspberries nama-blackberries asezingeni eliphansi. Endaweni esogwini olunamadwala, igundane lihlala ikakhulukazi emifantwini enamadwala.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma kuze kufike uJuni, i-dormouse isezingeni lokulala, futhi izilwane ezinjalo zivuka kamuva kunamanye amalungu omndeni. Isibonelo, eCaucasus, imibuso ishiya izindawo zayo zokukhosela ngobuningi ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, lapho izithelo zikamalibhele ne-cherry plum zivuthwa. Amadoda amadala ashiya amamaki akhethekile ephunga emagatsheni ezihlahla, iphunga lawo ngisho nomuntu angalihogela. Ngesikhathi sokulala, njengomthetho, cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka ziyafa, ababengenaso isikhathi sokuqongelela inani elanele lamafutha noma abakhetha indawo engafanele ubusika.
Ngesikhathi sokulala ubusika bonke, imetabolism yezilwane yehla iye ku-2%, izinga lokushisa komzimba lehle liye ku-3 ° C, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kube kuncane, futhi ukuphefumula ngokunensa kwesinye isikhathi kungama isikhashana.
Mangaki ama-regiments ahlala
AbakwaSony regiments bahlala ezimweni zemvelo hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu, njengomthetho, kungabi ngaphezu kweminyaka emine. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane ezincelisayo sanda kancane.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi azivezwa ngosayizi noma ngombala woboya e-dormouse. Amagundane amadala ezinsikazi nabesilisa abukeka ngokufana ncamashi.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-polchok isabalele emahlathini asezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi zaseYurophu, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasus, futhi itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSpain naseFrance iya eTurkey, esifundeni iVolga nasenyakatho ye-Iran. Lezi zinhlobo zafakwa ensimini yeGreat Britain (Chiltern Upland). IDormouse itholakala ezindaweni ezisesiqhingini soLwandle iMedithera, kufaka phakathi iSardinia, iCorsica, iSicily, iCrete neCorfu, kanye neTurkmenistan ngase-Ashgabat.
Ensimini yeRussian Federation, i-dormouse itholakala ngokungalingani kakhulu. Ububanzi balesi silwane esincelisayo bumelwa izindawo eziningana ezizimele ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ezivame ukutholakala ebangeni elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye. Indawo yokulala ingatholakala esifundeni saseKursk nasemgodini womfula iVolga, kufaka phakathi isifunda iVolga-Kama, isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod, iTatarstan, iChuvashia neBashkiria, kanye nesifunda saseSamara.
Enyakatho yezwe lethu, ukwabiwa kwegundane kunqunyelwe uMfula i-Oka. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ze-European part, i-dormouse ayikho. Isilwane esivame kakhulu futhi esiningi esiseTranscaucasus naseCaucasian Isthmus. Izici ezikhawulela inani eliphelele labantu zifaka inani elincani lezilwane ezincelisayo emikhawulweni esenyakatho yebanga, kanye nenani elinganele lezindawo zokuhlala ezifanele.
Ochwepheshe bancome, njengezinyathelo zokugcina abamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emvelweni, isifundo esikhethekile sezindawo zesimanje zokusabalalisa kanye nenani eliphelele lezinhlobo, kanye nokuhlonza kanye nokuvikelwa okulandelayo kwendawo.
Indlu yokulala yokudla
Ngokuya ngemikhuba ejwayelekile yokudla, ama-dormouse-regiments ngabantu abadla imifino kuphela, ngakho-ke, isisekelo sokudla kwabo simelelwa yizingxenye zemifino yazo zonke izinhlobo zezimila, izithelo nembewu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumajikijolo nezithelo, izilwane azikhethi uginindela, kodwa amathambo. Ukudla okuyinhloko kukaSony kufaka:
- ama-acorn;
- hazel;
- ama-walnuts;
- ama-chestnut;
- amantongomane e-beech;
- amapheya;
- amagilebhisi;
- ama-apula;
- ama-cherries;
- ipulamu;
- kamalibhele;
- iplamu ye-cherry;
- kamalibhele.
Akukho kuvunyelwana maqondana nokusetshenziswa kokudla kwezilwane dormouse. Abanye abacwaningi basivuma ngokuphelele isimo esingajwayelekile sedormouse. Kwesinye isikhathi amagundane adla amaphuphu nezinambuzane ezincane kanye nokudla kwezitshalo. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasehlathini zithanda kakhulu izithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo, ngakho-ke, ngenkathi sondla, isilwane sinambitha kuqala izithelo, futhi ukudla okungavuthiwe ngokwanele kuphonswa phansi.
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, izithelo ezingavuthiwe ezisatshalaliswa ama-dormouse-regiments zivame ukuheha izingulube zasendle kanye namabhere, futhi zisetshenziselwa ngentshiseko ukudla ngamagundane ahlukahlukene anjengempuku yomhlaba.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-sleepyheads izidleke emigodini yezihlahla noma ezindaweni ezinamatshe, kanye nangaphansi kweziqu zemithi eziwile. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yesidleke yenziwe isilwane ngemicu yezitshalo, phansi kanye nobulembu. Imvamisa, lesi sidleke sihlala phansi ezindlini zezinyoni noma ngaphezulu kwaso, okubangela ukufa kokuzalela amaqanda namachwane. Cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokuvuka, abesilisa baqala inkathi yokukhuhla. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane abadala sebevele bangena e-estrus.
Isikhathi sobuthakathaka sinomsindo futhi sihambisana nomsebenzi owandisiwe emadodeni kanye nokulwa okuvamile phakathi kwabantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwamamaki anuka kamnandi kakhulu, esinye isibonakaliso se-rutting yimisindo enamandla kakhulu eyenziwe yizilwane ebusuku, emelwe ukukhala okubukhali, ukubhonga, ukushaya amakhwela nokuhhewula. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukucula okubizwa ngokuthi yi-regimental, okufana nemisindo ye- "ttsii-ttsii-ttsii" ekhishwe ngaphezu kwemizuzu eminingana. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhwelana, izinhlayiya ezidaliwe zezilwane zasehlathini ziyahlakazeka.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha amasonto amane noma ngaphezulu. Inani lamawundlu kudoti lingahluka ukusuka kokukodwa kuye kwayishumi. Ngokuvamile, kuzalwa izingane ezinhlanu, futhi isisindo sengane ngayinye singu-1-2 g. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ihamba kancane. Cishe ngemuva kosuku lweshumi nambili, amawundlu avula imisele yezindlebe, kuthi lapho esenamasonto amabili kuqhume iziqandu zokuqala. Amehlo amazinyane e-dormouse avuleka cishe emasontweni amathathu ubudala.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amawundlu abone, abesifazane baqala ukondla izingane zabo ngomlomo ngokudla okuthambile nokuchoboziwe okwenziwe ngamaqabunga, amajikijolo nezithelo. Kusukela ngosuku lwama-25, izingane sezivele zizama ukuzondla zodwa. Emavikini amahlanu ubudala, inzalo ye-dormouse ishiya isidleke esivamile sabazali futhi izinze. Ama-regiment afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, kepha inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila. Kukhona iziqongo ezimbili ezizalanayo phakathi nonyaka, ezisekupheleni kukaJuni nasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Izitha zemvelo
Indlu yokulala ayinazo izitha eziningi kakhulu, kodwa ngisho naseRoma lasendulo, inyama yezilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo yayithathwa njengesibiliboco. Izilwane zazalelwa ngokukhethekile ezingadini ezikhethekile ezibiyelwe noma nge-gliaria. Izidumbu eziqubukayo zamagundane zibhakiwe ngembewu ye-poppy noju. Emazweni aseBalkan ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, inyama yedormouse yayihanjiswa ngososi oshisayo.
Ngaphezu kwabantu, i-polecat yaba yingozi kumagundane amancane ezincelisayo. Lesi silwane esivela emndenini weasel, isihlobo esiseduze se-ermine ne-weasel, sihlukaniswa ngumzimba waso omude omude nemilenze emifushane. AmaFerrets akhetha ukuhlala emathafeni amancane omfula nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. I-polecat enekhono futhi emangalisayo iyakwazi ukungena kalula emigodini ye-dormouse.
Izikhova ziphinde zizingele indlu yokulala yabantu abadala, okuthi lapho ngibamba inyamazane ngikhethe izindawo ezivulekile ezimanzi ezinamahlathi amancane ama-shrub. Ngasikhathi sinye, izikhova azikwazi ukuzingela ebusuku kuphela, kodwa naphakathi nesikhathi sasemini. Isidlakudla esinezimpaphe asithandi ukubuka amagundane, kepha sithanda ukuzungeza izingilazi. Lapho ibona isisulu sayo, isikhova siwela phansi kakhulu bese siyibamba ngobuciko. Kuzo zonke izikhova ezihlala eRussia, yisikhova esinezinqe ezimfushane okuwukuphela kohlobo lwaso olukwazi ukuzakhela izidleke zaso.
Umsila we-dormouse uvame ukusindisa impilo yomnikazi wawo: esikhunjeni sesilwane kunezindawo ezincanyana ezidwengulwa kalula kunoma yikuphi ukungezwani, futhi isikhumba esihluthwayo nesitokisi sinikeza igundane ithuba lokubaleka.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-dormouse yisilwane esincelisayo esingavamile kakhulu emazweni aseBaltic, kepha kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile eNtshonalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho yebanga, ama-regiment ahlala emaphethini kaMose. Endaweni yamaCarpathia, iCaucasus neTranscaucasia, i-dormouse ibhekwa njengeziningi kakhulu. Lapha, amagundane asezingeni eliphakathi ahlangana kahle impela ngisho naseceleni kwabantu, ngakho-ke imvamisa adala umonakalo ophawulekayo ezivinini, amajikijolo nezithelo zezithelo.
Uboya be-dormouse buhle impela, kepha okwamanje buvunwa ngamanani amancane. Lezi zinhlobo zifakiwe kwiRed Data Books yezifunda zaseTula naseRyazan. Ohlelweni lokuqala lweRed Book yesiFunda saseMoscow (1998), abamele lezi zilwane bafakwa kuhlu lweSithasiselo No. 1. Yize ukusatshalaliswa okulinganiselwe kwezinye izindawo, ngokusho kochwepheshe, namuhla isidingo sokuzaliswa kwendlu yokulala asikho nhlobo.
