Omunye wabamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni we-feline ikati eligqwalayo lasendle. I-Prionailurus rubiginosus (igama layo eliyinhloko) yaqanjwa ngokuhlekisa ngokuthi yi-hummingbird yomhlaba we-feline, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, ubuhlakani nokusebenza. Lesi silwane, esilingana cishe nengxenye yobukhulu bekati elijwayelekile elifuywayo, siyakwazi ukunikeza izingqinamba kubazingeli abaningi abanolwazi lomhlaba wezilwane.
Incazelo yekati elibolile
Ikati elibonakala libuthuntu linengubo emfushane, ethambile, ekhanyayo empunga enomuthi omuhle obomvu ngokubomvu. Umzimba wayo umbozwe imigqa yamachashaza amancane ansundu agqwalile, okuthi ukuqina kwawo kube yimivimbo eqhubekayo ngemuva kwekhanda, ezinhlangothini nasemuva komzimba. Ngaphansi komzimba kumhlophe, kuhlotshiswe ngamabala amakhulu nemivimbo yomthunzi ohlukile. Isifonyo sihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emibili emnyama etholakala ezihlathini zesilwane. Zilula ziqonde zisuka emehlweni ziye emahlombe, zidlule indawo ephakathi kwezindlebe. Inhloko yekati eligqwalile incane, iyindilinga, icwecwe kancane ngomlomo olengisiwe. Izindlebe zincane futhi ziyindilinga, zihlukaniswe kabanzi nogebhezi. Umsila uhlotshiswe ngezindandatho ezimnyama ezishiwo kancane.
Ukubukeka
Ijazi lamakati abomvu ngokubomvu lifushane futhi linombala onsundu ngokunsundu ngombala ogqwalile. Ijazi lama-subspecies amakati aseSri Lanka anenani elincane lamathoni ampunga emthunzini, athambekele kakhulu kumathoni abomvu. Uhlangothi nentamo yesilwane imhlophe ngemivimbo namabala amnyama. Ingemuva nezinhlangothi zimbozwe ngamabala ansundu. Imivimbo emine emnyama, ngokungathi inamandla, yehla emehlweni ekati, idlula phakathi kwezindlebe iye ehlombe. Amathe wezidladla amnyama, umsila ucishe ube uhhafu wobude bekhanda nomzimba kuhlangene.
Ikati eligqwalile ngokwesilinganiso ngokwesilinganiso sobukhulu bekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili bangaba nesisindo esingafika ku-1.4 kg, kuthi abesilisa abadala bafike ku-1.7 kg. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula, okungukuthi kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyikhulu ubudala, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ngemuva kwalengqophamlando, lesi simo sithathelwa indawo ngosayizi wesilisa ophakeme. Abesilisa nabo bavame ukusinda.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Lesi silwane esinamabala abomvu ngokubabazekayo ngokubonakalayo, ngokusobala, sihamba ebusuku kakhulu, kanti ngenkathi sihamba izinsuku sisengokhuni olungenalutho noma ehlozini lehlathi. Yize inekhono elimangalisayo lokugibela izintaba, ikati elibuthuntu lizingela phansi, lisebenzisa ikhono lokukhuphuka kwezihlahla lapho lingazingeli noma lihlehlele emuva.
Amakati anemibala egqwalile yizilwane ezihlala zodwa ezihlala emahlathini. Yize muva nje zingatholakala kaningi ezindaweni zezolimo lapho abantu bebusa khona. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengasemhlabeni kepha zinokuthambekela okuhle kwezinkuni. Ngenkathi la makati elethwa okokuqala eFrankfurt Zoo, ekuqaleni ayebhekwa njengasebusuku ngoba iningi lokubukwa lalibhalwa ebusuku, ekuseni ngovivi noma kusihlwa. Ngokwalesi simiso, bakhonjwa e-zoo endaweni yezakhamuzi zasebusuku. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi azinakuba yizilwane zasebusuku noma zasemini. Amakati abelana ngocansi abekhuthele kakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umgomo wokuxhumana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu ohlobo oluthile uqondiswe ekunukeleni. Womabili amakati abesilisa nabesilisa abagqokile amaka indawo ngokufafaza umchamo wokumaka iphunga.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amakati agqwalile?
Isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila sabantu ababolile satholwa eFrankfurt Zoo, ngenxa yekati elafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-18.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayiphinyiselwa. Kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-100 ngemuva kokuzalwa - insikazi ibukeka inkulu kuneduna, eshintsha kancane kancane ngobudala besilwane. Kubantu abadala, owesilisa uyasinda kunowesifazane.
Ama-subspecies ekati agqokile
Kulezi zinsuku, kukhona ama-subspecies ama-2 akhona amakati abolile. Bahlukaniswe indawo futhi bahlala, ngokulandelana, esiqhingini saseSri Lanka naseNdiya.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ikati elibonakala libuthuntu lihlala emahlathini awomile, izihlahla, amadlelo nezindawo ezinamadwala. Kutholakale nasezindaweni eziguquliwe ezifana namasimu etiye, amasimu omoba, amasimu elayisi, namasimu kakhukhunathi, kufaka phakathi lawo atholakala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Lezi zilwane zitholakala eNdiya naseSri Lanka kuphela. Indawo esenyakatho kakhulu lapho lolu hlobo lwezilwane luye lwabonwa khona isesigabeni samahlathi sePilibhit, esisendaweni yaseNdiya eTerai esifundazweni sase-Uttar Pradesh. Lesi silwane siphinde sabonwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zeMaharastra, kufaka phakathi iWestern Maharastra, lapho kutholakala khona abantu besizwe bala makati kanye nezindawo zezolimo nezabantu. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala futhi esigodini saseVarushanad, entshonalanga yeGhats, endaweni eyingxenye yesikhungo semvelo ehlukahlukene. Amakati anemibala egqwalile ahlala eGujarat, lapho atholakala khona emahlathini asomile, omile, asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ahlabayo enkabeni yombuso, kanye nasedolobheni laseNavamgam. Lawa makati ahlala eNugu Wildlife Sanctuary, eKarnataka State, eNagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Sanctuary e-Andhra Pradesh nakwezinye izingxenye ze-Andhra Pradesh njengesifunda saseNellor.
Yize la makati ethanda izindawo ezingamahlathi ezomile, iqembu elizalanayo selitholakele eminyakeni embalwa edlule elihlala endaweni yezolimo enabantu abaningi eWestern Maharashtra, eNdiya. Le nhlobo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezincane zamakati esifundeni esisempumalanga, kukhonjiswe ukuthi iyakwazi ukusinda ezindaweni zezolimo ngenxa yabantu abaningi abanamagundane. Ngenxa yalokhu, eSouth India, lolu hlobo lutholakala ezinsikeni zezindlu ezishiyiwe ezindaweni ezisekude kakhulu namahlathi. Amanye amakati anombala obomvu ahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile futhi esishisayo.
Ukudla kwekati eligqwalile
Ikati eligqwalile londla izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni ezincane. Kukhona namacala aziwayo okuhlasela kwakhe izinkukhu. Abantu bendawo babika ukuthi leli kati elingatholakali livela ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla ukondla amagundane namaxoxo afika ebusweni.
Ama-subspecies aseSri Lank ekati elinamachashaza (Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi) adla izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abamba izinkukhu.
Ekuthunjweni, imenyu ayihlukile kakhulu. Umuntu omdala walolu hlobo e-Frankfurt Zoo uphiwa ukudla kwansuku zonke okuqukethe izingcezu ezinkulu nezincane zenkomo yenkomo, inhliziyo yenkomo, izinkukhu ezinezinsuku ezimbili, igundane elilodwa no-2.5 gramu kherothi, ama-apula, amaqanda abilisiwe noma ilayisi eliphekiwe. E-zoo, izilwane zinikezwa izengezo zamaminerali nsuku zonke, ama-multivitamin maviki onke, namavithamini K no-B afakwa ekudleni kabili ngesonto. Amakati agqwalile kwesinye isikhathi anikezwa ubhanana, amahlumela kakolweni noma inhlanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunecala elaziwayo lapho owesilisa omdala e-zoo ebulala unogwaja onesisindo esingu-1.77 kg. Ikati ngaleso sikhathi lalinesisindo esingu-1.6 kg kuphela, kanti ngobusuku obulandela ukubulala laphinde ladla amanye amagremu angama-320 enyama.
Amantshontsho asendle abanjwe e-zoo afunzwa amagundane anothe ngamaprotheni namagundane. Amagundane nenkomo egayiwe enenhliziyo nazo zengezwa ekudleni.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Yize okwamanje kungekho datha enokwethenjelwa ngezimpawu zokuzalela kwamakati agqwalile, kukholelwa ukuthi bayizihlobo eziseduze zamakati engwe, ngakho-ke banezimiso ezifanayo zokuzala inzalo.
Eyesilisa eyodwa ingahamba kalula endaweni yabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala; abesifazane bangenza okufanayo lapho bevakashela abesilisa abahlukene. Kodwa-ke, izindawo zabesifazane ababili noma ezimbili zabesilisa azihlali. Eyeduna ingakhwelana ngokukhululeka nazo zonke izinsikazi ezisendaweni yakhe. Kodwa-ke, kuma-zoo, amakati anebala elibomvu avunyelwe ukuhlala nabesifazane hhayi kuphela ngemuva kokukhwelana, kepha nangemva kokuzalwa kwamazinyane.
Kuyathakazelisa! E-West Berlin Zoo, kwaqoshwa icala lapho owesilisa evikela izingane zakhe kubaqaphi be-zoo uqobo beletha ukudla endaweni ebiyelwe. Lokhu kuziphatha kuphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo lwabo lokukhwelana lungahle lube munye.
Amakati anemibala egqwalile eNdiya azala entwasahlobo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-67, ngemuva kwalokho insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa noma amabili emgodini ocashile, njengomhume ongajulile. Izingane zizalwa zingaboni, futhi uboya bazo bungabi namabala ajwayelekile kubantu abadala.
Amakati abonwe ujinja ahlangana unyaka wonke. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi izingane ezingama-50% zizalwa phakathi kukaJulayi no-Okthoba, okunganele ukubhekwa njengabafuyi bezinkathi ezithile zonyaka. Njengamanye amakati amancane, ukukhwelana kufaka phakathi ukulunywa nge-occipital, ukubopha izihlalo nokuhlala izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-11.
ESri Lanka, abesifazane kuye kwabonwa ukuthi bazala ezihlahleni ezingenalutho noma ngaphansi kwamatshe. Abesifazane eFrankfurt Zoo sebekhethe kaninginingi izingosi zokubelethisa ezisemhlabathini. Amabhokisi okubeletha ahlongozwa ezindaweni zombili ezisezingeni eliphansi nangaphezulu, kepha amabhokisi aphansi asetshenzisiwe.
Kungakapheli ihora ngemuva kokubeletha, umama ushiya amawundlu akhe ukuze adle futhi akhiphe. Izingane ziqala ukuphuma endlini yokukhosela zodwa zinezinsuku ezingama-28 kuya kwezingama-32 ubudala. Banamandla amahle, izingane ziyashesha, ziyasebenza futhi zishesha. Kakade sezineminyaka engama-35 kuye ezinsukwini ezingama-42, ziyakwazi ukwehla emagatsheni amakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, umama usabanakekela, esusa indle emgodini. Lapho zinezinsuku ezingama-47 kuya kwezingama-50 ubudala, amantshontsho agxuma acishe abe ngama-50 cm ukusuka ekuphakameni okungaba ngamamitha ama-2. Izingane ziyakhathala ngokushesha, zilala eduze noma kunina. Lapho befika kwinkululeko, bazolala ngokwehlukana emaphethelweni aphezulu.
Imidlalo ithatha indawo enkulu empilweni yesizukulwane esisha futhi ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla ayo. Ukuxhumana okuningi phakathi komama nezinsana kugxile ekudlaleni. Ngisho kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-60, izingane zingaphuza ubisi lwebele, kepha kusukela osukwini lwama-40, inyama iyingxenye yokudla kwabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokusabalala kwezolimo kubeka engcupheni enkulu imvelo yezilwane zaseNdiya naseSri Lanka, futhi lokhu kungenzeka kube nomthelela omubi nakulo kati onamabala abomvu. Amacala okubhujiswa kwalezi zilwane ngumuntu uqobo aye aqoshwa ngenxa yothando lwazo ngezinkukhu. Kwezinye izingxenye zeSri Lanka, ikati elinamachashazi lihlatshelwa inyama edliwe ngempumelelo. Kuneminye imibiko yokuhlanganiswa ngamakati afuywayo angabeka engcupheni ubukhona bezinhlobo ezigqwalile ezihlanzekile, kepha le mibiko ayikaqinisekiswa.
Kungahle kuthakazelise:
- i-steppe fox (i-corsac)
- i-honey badger noma i-ratel
- ushukela possum
Okwamanje, azikho izidumbu ezingase zitholakale ezisongela amakati abolile. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bazo obuncane bukhombisa ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye ziyingozi kuzo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani lekati laseNdiya lifakwe ohlwini lweSithasiselo I seConference on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushushumbiswa kwabantu besizwe saseSri Lanka kuvunyelwe kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile futhi kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokusinda kwezinhlobo. Ikati elinamabala abomvu livikelwe ngokomthetho kulo lonke uhla lwalo, futhi ukuzingela akuvunyelwe.
Ngokwe-IUCN Red List, inani eliphelele lamakati agqwalile eNdiya naseSri Lanka lingaphansi kwabantu abadala abangaphansi kuka-10 000. Ukuthambekela kokwehla kwenani labo kungenxa yokulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala, okubonakala ngokuwohloka kwesimo semvelo sehlathi kanye nokwanda kwendawo yomhlaba wezolimo.
