Igama elithi "ukufuduka" lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi "migratus", elisho ukuthi "ukushintsha." Izinyoni ezifudukayo (ezifudukayo) zibonakala ngekhono lazo lokwenza izindiza zonyaka futhi ziguqule izindawo zazo zokwakha ngezindawo zokuhlala ezifanele ubusika. Izinyoni ezinjalo, ngokungafani nabamele izinhlobo ezihlala phansi, zinomjikelezo wokuphila okhethekile, kanye nezici ezithile ezibalulekile zokudla okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ezifudukayo noma ezifudukayo, lapho kunezimo ezithile, zingahlala phansi.
Kungani izinyoni zifuduka
Ukufuduka, noma ukundiza kwezinyoni, kungukufuduka noma ukunyakaza kwabamele iqembu lama-vertebrate anegazi elifudumele, ngokwesiko athathwa njengesigaba esihlukile. Ukufuduka kwezinyoni kungadalwa yizinguquko ekudleni noma ezimweni zemvelo, kanye nezinto ezikhiqizwayo kanye nesidingo sokushintsha indawo yokwakha isidleke iye endaweni ebusika.
Ukufuduka kwezinyoni kunguhlobo lokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zezulu zonyaka nezimo ezixhomeke kusimo sezulu, okuvame kakhulu ukufaka ukutholakala kwemithombo yokudla eyanele namanzi avulekile. Ikhono lezinyoni lokufuduka kungenxa yamazinga azo aphezulu okuhamba ngenxa yekhono lawo lokundiza, elingatholakali kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihola impilo yasemhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, izizathu ezibangela ukufuduka kwezinyoni okwamanje zifaka:
- sesha indawo enezimo zezulu ezifanele;
- ukukhetha insimu ngenala yokudla;
- funa indawo lapho ukuzalanisa nokuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kungenzeka khona;
- ubukhona bokukhanya kwemini okuzinzile;
- izimo ezifanele zokondla inzalo.
Ngokuya ngobubanzi bezindiza, izinyoni zehlukaniswe zaba izinyoni ezihlala phansi noma ezingafuduki, abamele imihambima yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezishiya indawo yokwakha izidleke futhi zihambe ibangana elifushane. Kodwa-ke, yizinyoni ezifudukayo ezikhetha ukuhamba nokuqala kobusika ezifundeni ezifudumele.
Ngenxa yocwaningo oluningi nokuqaphelisisa kwesayensi, kwenzeke ukufakazela ukuthi yikho kanye ukuncipha kwamahora emini okukhuthaza ukufuduka kwezinyoni eziningi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zokufuduka
Ukufuduka kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile noma ezinkathini ezithile. Abanye abameleli beqembu lama-vertebrate anegazi elifudumele abonakala ngamaphethini wokufuduka angajwayelekile.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, zonke izinyoni zifakiwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo:
- izinyoni ezihlala phansi, ezinamathela endaweni ethile, evame ukuba mncane kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezihlala phansi zihlala ezimweni ezinezinguquko zonyaka ezingathinti ukutholakala kwemithombo yokudla (tropics kanye ne-subtropics). Ezingxenyeni zezindawo ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele ne-arctic, inani lezinyoni ezinjalo alibalulekile, futhi abamele iqembu bavame ukuba ngabama-synanthropes abahlala eduze kwabantu: ijuba ledwala, undlunkulu wasendlini, igwababa elifakwe izigqoko, i-jackdaw;
- izinyoni ezihlala phansi, okuthi, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa okusebenzayo, zihambise amabanga amafushane ukusuka endaweni yezidleke zazo: i-grouse, ama-hazel grouse, i-black grouse, i-bunting ejwayelekile;
- izinyoni ezihamba amabanga amade. Lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi umhlaba nezinyoni ezidla inyama ezihambela ezifundeni ezishisayo: ihansi, izinyoni ezimnyama ezinamabele amnyama nezaseMelika, izinyoni zasolwandle ezinamazinyo amade;
- Izinyoni ezi- "Nomadic" nezinyoni ezihamba ibanga elifushane, ezisuka esikhathini sokuzalela okusebenzayo zisuka endaweni eyodwa ziye kwenye zifuna ukudla. Ukufuduka okufushane kubangelwa ngqo ukudla nezimo zezulu ezingathandeki, ezinesimo esijwayelekile: i-stinolasis enamaphiko abomvu, i-pronuks, i-lark, i-finch;
- izinyoni ezihlaselayo nezihlakazekayo. Ukuhamba kwezinyoni ezinjalo kungenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lokudla nezici zangaphandle ezingathandeki ezibangela ukuhlasela okuvamile kwezinyoni endaweni yezinye izifunda: waxwing, spruce Shishkarev.
Isikhathi sokufuduka silawulwa ngokuqinile futhi sifakwe ikhodi yezofuzo ngisho nasezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinyoni ezihlala khona. Ukuthambekela kokuzulazula kanye nekhono lokuqondisa phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokufuduka kungenxa yolwazi lofuzo nokufunda.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi akuzona zonke izinyoni ezifudukayo ezindizayo. Isibonelo, ingxenye ebalulekile yamaphengwini enza ukufuduka okuvamile ngokukhethekile ngokubhukuda, futhi anqobe kalula izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngalezo zikhathi.
Izindawo zokufuduka
Ukuqondiswa kwemizila yokufuduka noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqondiswa kwezindiza zezinyoni" kwehluke kakhulu. Izinyoni zezwe elisenyakatho zibonakala ngokufuduka zisuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho (lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zidla khona) ziye ezindaweni eziseningizimu (izindawo ezibandayo zasebusika), futhi nakwezinye izinhlangothi. Lolu hlobo lokunyakaza luphawu lwezinyoni zase-Arctic nezindawo ezinamazinga okushisa asenyakatho ye-hemisphere, futhi isisekelo sayo simelwe yizizathu eziningi, kufaka phakathi izindleko zamandla.
Ngokuqala kwehlobo endaweni yezindawo ezisenyakatho, ubude bamahora emini buyanda, ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni eziguqukayo zithola ithuba elihle lokondla inzalo yazo. Izinhlobo zezinyoni zaseTropical zihlukaniswa ngokugqamile ngamaqanda amaningi kakhulu ku-clutch, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezimo zezulu. Ekwindla, ukwehla kobude bamahora emini kuyaziwa, ngakho-ke izinyoni zikhetha ukuthuthela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nokudla okuningi.
Ukufuduka kungahlukanisa, kube yindilinga futhi kube yindilinga, kube nemigwaqo yasekwindla nentwasahlobo engafani, kuyilapho ukufuduka okuvundlile nokumile kuhlukaniswa ubukhona noma ukungabikho kokulondolozwa kwendawo ejwayelekile.
Uhlu lwezinyoni ezifudukayo
Ukunyakaza okujwayelekile kwezinyoni kungenziwa hhayi ukusondelana kuphela, kepha futhi namabanga amade impela. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bayaqaphela ukuthi ukufuduka kuvame ukuqhutshwa izinyoni ngezigaba, nezindawo zokuphumula nokudla.
Unogolantethe omhlophe
Unogolantethe omhlophe (lat. ICiconia ciconia) uyinyoni enkulu yokuhamba ehamba ngomndeni wonogolantethe. Inyoni emhlophe inamaphiko amnyama, intamo ende, nomlomo obomvu omude futhi omncane. Imilenze mide, ibomvu ngombala. Insikazi ayihlukaniswa neyesilisa ngombala, kepha inesiqu esincanyana. Ubukhulu be-stork endala bungu-100-125 cm, ngamaphiko angu-155-200 cm.
I-bittern enkulu
I-big bittern (Latin Botaurus stellaris) iyinyoni engajwayelekile eyomndeni we-heron (Ardeidae). I-bittern enkulu inezimpaphe ezimnyama ezinamacala aphuzi emhlane kanye nenhloko yombala ofanayo. Isisu sinombala ochera ngephethini ensundu enqamulelayo. Umsila unombala ophuzi ngombala ngephethini emnyama ebonakalayo. Owesilisa mkhulu ngaphezudlwana kowesifazane. Isisindo somzimba sowesilisa omdala singu-1.0-1.9 kg, kanti ubude bephiko bungu-31-34 cm.
USarich, noma i-Common Buzzard
ISarich (Latin Buteo buteo) iyinyoni edla inyama engohlelo olumise okwe-Hawk nomndeni we-Hawk. Abamele lezi zinhlobo ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo, banobude bomzimba obungu-51-57 cm, obunamaphiko angu-110-130 cm.Owesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu kancane kunowesilisa. Umbala wehluka kakhulu kusuka konsundu kuya kolusikazi, kepha ama-juveniles anezimpaphe eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Lapho indiza, izindawo ezikhanyayo ezimpikweni ziyabonakala ngezansi.
I-harrier evamile noma yensimu
I-Harrier (lat. I-Circus cyaneus) iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo yezilwane zomndeni we-hawk. Inyoni eyakhiwe kancane inobude obungu-46-47 cm, enamaphiko angamasentimitha angama-97-118.Ihlukaniswa ngomsila nezimpiko ezinde ngokwedlulele, okwenza ukunyakaza okuphansi ngaphezu komhlaba kuhambe kancane futhi kungabi nasikhala. Insikazi inkulu ngokuphawulekayo kunowesilisa. Kunezimpawu ezishiwo ze-dimorphism yezocansi. Izinyoni ezincane zifana nokubukeka kwezinsikazi ezindala, kepha zihlukile kuzo ngokuba nombala obomvu kakhudlwana emzimbeni ongezansi.
Ukuzilibazisa
I-Hobby (lat. Falco subbuteo) iyinyoni encane edla inyama yomndeni wokhozi. Ukuzilibazisa kufana kakhulu nokubukeka kobuqili be-peregrine. Ukhozi oluncane futhi olunomusa lunamaphiko amade akhombe nomsila omise okweqanda. Ubude bomzimba bungu-28-36 cm, ngamaphiko angu-69-84 cm.Abesifazane babukeka bekhudlwana kunabesilisa. Ingxenye ephezulu i-slate-grey, ngaphandle kwephethini, enombala onsundu kakhudlwana kwabesifazane. Indawo yesifuba nesisu inombala omhlophe nge-ocher nobukhona bezintambo eziningi ezimnyama nezide.
Isiqubu esivamile
I-kestrel ejwayelekile (lat. Falco tinnunculus) iyinyoni edla inyama engaphansi kwe-falcon kanye nomndeni we-falcon, ovame kakhulu ngemuva kwe-buzzard enkabeni yeYurophu. Izinsikazi ezindala zinebhande elimnyama lokunqamulela esifundeni esisemgogodleni, kanye nomsila onsundu onenqwaba yemivimbo eshintshiwe eguqukayo. Ingxenye engezansi imnyama futhi inamachibi amakhulu. Abantu abancane kunabo bonke bafana ngezimpaphe kwabesifazane.
IDergach, noma iCrake
I-Dergach (lat. Crex crex) iyinyoni encane yomndeni wabelusi. Umthethosisekelo wale nyoni uminyene, ucindezelwe ngesimo kusuka ezinhlangothini, unekhanda eliyindilinga nentamo ende. Uqhwaku lucishe luyindilinga, kunalokho lumfushane futhi luqinile, lunombala opinki kancane. Umbala wezimpaphe ubomvu obomvu, lapho kutholakala khona imigqa emnyama. Izinhlangothi zekhanda, kanye ne-goiter kanye nesifuba sendawo yeduna, zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda nomhlane ibonakala ngezimpaphe ezimnyama ansundu ezine-ocher light edging. Isisu sale nyoni sinokhilimu omhlophe qwa ngombala ophuzi.
IPygalitsa, noma iLapwing
ILapwing (Latin Vanellus vanellus) iyinyoni engeyona enkulu kakhulu emndenini wama-plover. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokugwedla noma iyiphi enye i-waders umbala omnyama nomhlophe futhi kunamaphiko afiphele. Isihloko sine-metallic eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ithusi nebhulukhwe eqinile. Isifuba senyoni simnyama. Izinhlangothi zekhanda nomzimba, kanye nesisu, zimhlophe ngombala. Ehlobo, i-goiter kanye nomphimbo waleyo enezimpaphe ziba nombala omnyama oyisici salo.
Izinkuni
I-Woodcock (i-Latin Scolopax rusticola) ingabamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo zomndeni wakwaSnipe futhi zakha izidleke ezindaweni ezipholile nezingaphansi komhlaba zase-Eurasia. Inyoni enkulu impela enomthethosisekelo ominyene noqhwaku oluqondile, olude. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba singama-33-38 cm, sinamaphiko angama-55-65 cm.Umbala wezimpaphe uyabambelela, imvamisa iba nsundu ngokubomvu, kube khona imicu emnyama, empunga noma ebomvu engxenyeni engenhla. Phansi komzimba wale nyoni kunokhilimu opholile kancane noma izimpaphe ezimpunga ngokuphuzi ngemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo.
I-tern ejwayelekile, noma i-river tern
I-tern ejwayelekile (i-Latin Sterna hirundo) ingabamele uhlobo lwezinyoni zomndeni we-gull. Ngokubukeka, i-tern ejwayelekile ifana ne-Arctic tern, kodwa incane kancane. Ubude bomzimba benyoni endala bungu-31-35 cm, nobude bephiko obungu-25-29 cm nobude obukhulu obungu-70-80 cm.Inyoni ezacile inomsila wemfoloko nomlomo obomvu onethiphu emnyama. Izimpaphe ezinkulu zimhlophe noma mpunga ngokukhanyayo, kanti ingxenye ephezulu yekhanda ipendwe ngamathoni amnyama ajulile.
I-nightjar ejwayelekile noma elula
I-nightjar ejwayelekile (i-Latin Caprimulgus europaeus) ayiyona inyoni enkulu kakhulu yasebusuku yomndeni wezimbiza zasebusuku zangempela. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinomthethosisekelo omuhle. Ubude obumaphakathi bomuntu omdala bungamasentimitha angama-24 kuya kwangu-28, kanti amaphiko ayo angamasentimitha angama-52-59. Umzimba uvulekile, unamaphiko abukhali futhi made. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lubuthakathaka futhi lufushane kakhulu, kepha ngomlomo omkhulu kakhulu osikiwe, emakhoneni awo kunama-bristles aqinile futhi made. Imilenze enezimpiko incane. Izimpaphe zikhululekile futhi zithambile, zinombala ojwayelekile wokuvikela.
I-Field lark
I-lark ejwayelekile (lat. Alauda arvensis) imele izinhlobo ezidlulayo zomndeni we-lark (Alaudidae). Le nyoni inombala othambile kodwa okhangayo. Indawo engemuva inombala ompunga noma onsundu ngombala, ngokuba khona kokufakwa okuhlukahlukene. Izimpaphe zale nyoni esiswini zimhlophe, isifuba esibanzi impela sigcwele izimpaphe ezinsundu ezi-brown. ITarsu nsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ikhanda licwengisiswe kakhulu futhi lihlanzekile, lihlotshiswe ngesigaxa esincane, kanti umsila unqunywe yimpaphe emhlophe.
I-wagtail emhlophe
I-white wagtail (lat.Motacilla alba) iyinyoni encane yomndeni we-wagtail. Ubude bomzimba obumaphakathi beWhite Wagtail yabantu abadala abudluli ku-16-19 cm. Abamele lolu hlobo babonakala ngomsila omude obonakala kahle. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba iningi layo linombala ompunga, kanti ingxenye engezansi imbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe. Ikhanda limhlophe, ngomphimbo omnyama nekepisi. Igama elingavamile labamele izinhlobo zezinto kungenxa yokunyakaza kwesici somsila we-wagtail.
Isichazi samahlathi
I-Lesser Accentor (Latin Prunella modularis) inyoni encane yezingoma okuyizinhlobo ezisabalele kakhulu zomndeni omncane wama-Accentor. Izimpaphe zibonakala ngokugqama kwamathoni ansundu ngokumpunga. Ikhanda, umphimbo nesifuba, nentamo kuzimpunga zomlotha. Kunamabala amnyama ansundu esihlokweni nasenhlanyeni yentamo. Umthethosivivinywa mncane ngokuqhathaniswa, unombala onsundu ngokumnyama, okunye kunwebeka futhi kuthambeke phansi phansi komlomo. Isisu simhlophe kancane, indawo yokuthengisela i-grey-buffy. Imilenze ibomvu ngokubomvu.
I-Belobrovik
I-Belobrovik (lat. I-Turdus iliacus Linnaeus) incane kakhulu ngosayizi womzimba futhi ingomunye wabamele abavame kakhulu be-thrushes abahlala endaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union. Isilinganiso sobude benyoni esikhulile singamasentimitha angama-21-22. Esifundeni sangemuva, izimpaphe zinombala onsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani noma nsundu womnqumo. Engxenyeni engezansi, izimpaphe zilula, ngokuba khona kwamabala amnyama. Izinhlangothi zesifuba nezembozo zangaphansi kubomvu ngokubomvu. Insikazi inezimpaphe ezinde.
I-Bluethroat
I-Bluethroat (lat. Luscinia svecica) iyinyoni enesilinganiso esimaphakathi somndeni wakwaFlycatcher nokuhleleka kwabadlula ngendlela. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala siyi-14-15 cm.Isifunda sangemuva sinsundu noma nsundu ngokumpunga, umsila ongaphezulu ubomvu. I-goiter kanye nomphimbo weduna kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunendawo enesithunzi noma emhlophe phakathi. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezansi unqunyelwe ngombala omnyama. Insikazi inomphimbo omhlophe onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umsila ubomvu ngombala ngenhla emnyama emnyama. Izimpaphe zezinsikazi azinabo bomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umphimbo umhlophe ngokombala, unqunywe yindandatho enesithunzi yomthunzi onsundu. Uqhwaku lumnyama.
I-warbler eluhlaza
I-warbler eluhlaza (i-Latin Phylloscopus trochiloides) inyoni encane yezingoma yomndeni we-warbler (Sylviidae). Abamele lezi zinhlobo ngaphandle bafana ne-warbler yehlathi, kodwa banomzimba omncane futhi oqinile. Indawo engemuva iluhlaza okomnqumo, kanti isisu sigcwele izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezimpunga. Izinyawo zinsundu. I-warbler eluhlaza inomugqa omncane, omhlophe, ongabonakali kumaphiko. Ubude obumaphakathi bomuntu omdala bucishe bube ngu-10 cm, ngamaphiko angu-15-21 cm.
Impi yexhaphozi
IMarsh warbler (Latin Acrocephalus palustris) inyoni lengoma lesemkhatsini losemkhatsini wemndeni we-Acrocephalidae. Abamele lolu hlobo babonakala ngobude obumaphakathi obungu-12-13 cm, obunamaphiko angama-cm ayi-17-21. Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kweMarsh Warbler cishe akuhlukile kwe-warbler evamile yomhlanga. Izimpaphe zohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba zimpunga ngokunsundu, kanti ingxenye engezansi imelwe yizimpaphe ezimhlophe ngokuphuzi.Umphimbo umhlophe qwa. Umlomo ubukhali ngokwedlulele, ngobude obumaphakathi. Abesilisa nabesifazane banombala ofanayo.
I-redstart-coot
I-coot redstart (i-Latin Phoenicurus phoenicurus) inyoni encane encane futhi enhle kakhulu yomndeni we-flycatcher kanye ne-oda labadlula ngendlela. Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo banesilinganiso esimaphakathi esingu-10-15 cm. Ingemuva ngombala ompunga. Abesifazane bavame ukuba nezimpaphe ezinsundu kakhulu. Le nyoni ibizwa ngegama layo ngokuzamazama kwemisila yayo ekhanyayo ngezikhathi ezithile, ngenxa yokuthi izimpaphe zomsila zifana nezilimi zelangabi.
I-birch noma i-pied flycatcher
I-Birch (lat. Ficedula hypoleuca) inyoni yengoma yomndeni onabile kakhulu we-flycatchers (Muscicapidae). Umbala wezimpaphe zowesilisa osekhulile unombala omnyama nomhlophe, ohlukile. Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile abudluli ku-15-16 cm.Imuva no-vertex kumnyama, futhi kunebala elimhlophe esiphongweni. Isifunda esi-lumbar sinombala ompunga, futhi umsila umbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu ezimacembe amhlophe. Izimpiko zenyoni zimnyama, nsundu noma zicishe zibe mnyama ngombala onendawo enkulu emhlophe. Amajita nabesifazane banombala omnyama.
Intilili ejwayelekile
I-lentil evamile (Latin Carpodacus erythrinus) iyinyoni efudukayo ehlala ezindlekweni zehlathi, engowomndeni we-finch. Ubukhulu babantu abadala buyafana nobude bomzimba kondlunkulu. Kwabesilisa abadala, umhlane, umsila nezimpiko kubomvu ngokubomvu ngombala. Izimpaphe ekhanda nasesifubeni zibomvu ngokugqamile. Isisu sabamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezivamile ze-lentil simhlophe, sinesici esibomvana esibomvana. Amajita nabesifazane banombala onsundu ngokumpunga, kanti isisu sikhanya ukudlula izimpaphe zangemuva.
Umhlanga
Umhlanga (Latin Emberiza schoeniclus) uyinyoni encane yomndeni we-bunting. Izinyoni ezinjalo zinobude bomzimba kububanzi obungu-15-16 cm, nobude bephiko obububanzi obungu-7.0-7.5 cm, kanye namaphiko angamasentimitha angama-22-23. Umbala wesilevu, ikhanda nomphimbo engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-goiter umelwe ngombala omnyama. Engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba kunezimpaphe ezimhlophe ngokuba khona kwemigqa emincane emnyama ezinhlangothini. Ingemuva namahlombe kumnyama ngombala, kusuka kumathoni ampunga kuya konsundu nokumnyama ngemivimbo eseceleni. Kunemivimbo elula emaphethelweni omsila. Abesifazane nabasencane abanazo izimpaphe ezimnyama endaweni yekhanda.
Rook
I-Rook (lat. Corvus frugilegus) iyinyoni enkulu nebonakalayo esakazeke kakhulu e-Eurasia, engohlobo lohlobo lwamagwababa. Izinyoni ezi-omnivorous zihlala esidlekeni emakoloni amakhulu ezihlahleni futhi zibukeka ngendlela ethile. Ubude obumaphakathi babamele abantu abadala bale nhlobo bungamasentimitha angama-45-47. Izimpaphe zimnyama, zinombala onsomi obonakala kakhulu. Ezinyonini ezindala, isisekelo somlomo asivelile ngokuphelele. Abantu abasha banezimpaphe ezisezansi komlomo.
UKlintukh
UKlintukh (lat. Columba oenas) uyinyoni eyisihlobo esiseduze sejuba ledwala. Ubude besilinganiso somuntu omdala bungamasentimitha angama-32-34. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane futhi basinda kunabesifazane. Le nyoni inombala wezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nasebukhoneni bensimbi enombala onsomi ngokuluhlaza entanyeni. Isifuba se-clintuch sihlukaniswa ngombala we-pinkish-ethuthukiswe kahle. Amehlo ansundu futhi eduze kwamehlo kunendandatho yesikhumba eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga.
