Idada laseHawaii (A. wyvilliana) ngelomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada laseHawaii
Idada laseHawaii liyinyoni encane, incane kune-mallard ejwayelekile. Owesilisa unobude obumaphakathi bomzimba obungu-48-50 cm, insikazi incane kancane - amasentimitha angama-40-43. Ngokwesilinganiso, idrake linesisindo esingu-604 amagremu, elingu-460 gram wesifazane. Izimpaphe zimnyama nsundu ngemicu futhi zibukeka njengezimpaphe zedada elijwayelekile.
Abesilisa banezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Ngomthethosivivinywa womnqumo oluhlaza okotshani onophawu olumnyama, izimpaphe zawo zicwebezela ngemicu eluhlaza ebonakalayo ekhakhayini nasenhlokweni yekhanda nombala obomvu esifubeni.
- Uhlobo lwesibili lwabesilisa lunezimpaphe eziphaphathekile ezicishe zifane nezabesifazane abanama-specks ansundu, ithoni ebomvu esifubeni. Uqhwaku lwawo lumnyama olunezimpawu eziguquguqukayo eziphuzi ngoku nsundu noma ngokuwolintshi. Izimpiko zilula "ngesibuko" sombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngokuya ngalezi zici, idada laseHawaii lehlukile kunesitolo esikhulu (A. platyrhynchos), esinezindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezimpapheni zomsila ezingaphandle, kanti "isibuko" siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet. Imilenze nezinyawo zedada laseHawaii liwolintshi noma liphuzi ngokusawolintshi. Indoda endala inekhanda nentamo emnyama mnyama kwesinye isikhathi iba luhlaza. Izimpaphe zowesifazane zivame ukuba lula kunezedrake kanti ngemuva kunezimpaphe ezilula.
Umehluko wesizini wezimpaphe, ushintsho oluhlukile kumbala wezimpaphe kudada laseHawaii luyinkimbinkimbi ukuhlonza lolu hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphakeme lokuxubana nama-mallards ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala kwenza kube nzima ukukhomba idada laseHawaii.
Ukudla kwedada laseHawaii
Amadada aseHawaii ayizinyoni ezi-omnivorous. Ukudla kwabo kunezitshalo: imbewu, ulwelwe oluhlaza. Izinyoni zidla ama-molluscs, izinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini. Badla iminenke, izibungu zezinambuzane, izikelemu zomhlaba, onoshobishobi, i-crayfish, izibungu zomiyane.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada laseHawaii
Amadada aseHawaii ahlala ngababili noma akha amaqembu amaningi. Lezi zinyoni ziyaxwaya kakhulu futhi zicashe otshanini obude obunotshani bendawo enamanzi ezungeze intaba-mlilo iKohala esiqhingini esikhulu saseHoei '. Ezinye izinhlobo zamadada azithintwa futhi azigcinwa zihlukaniswe.
Ukuzalisa idada laseHawaii
Amadada aseHawaii azala unyaka wonke. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amabhangqa amadada akhombisa izindiza zomshado ezihehayo. Clutch iqukethe amaqanda 2 kuya 10. Isidleke sicashe endaweni eyimfihlo. Izimpaphe ezikhishwe esifubeni sedada zisebenza njengolwelwesi. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe inyanga ubude. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, amadada abhukuda emanzini, kodwa awandizi aze abe namasonto ayisishiyagalolunye ubudala. Izinyoni ezincane zizala emva konyaka.
Amadada abesifazane aseHawaii anothando olungajwayelekile lwama-mallard asendle.
Akwaziwa ukuthi yini eqondisa izinyoni ekukhetheni umlingani, mhlawumbe zikhangwa eminye imibala embala wezimpaphe. Kunoma ikuphi, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamadada ziyahlangana njalo futhi zikhiqiza inzalo eyi-hybrid. Kepha lokhu kweqa okucacile kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokusongela idada laseHawaii.
IHybrid A. platyrhynchos × A. wyvilliana ingahle ibe nenhlanganisela yezici zabazali, kepha ngokuvamile yehluke kumadada aseHawaii.
Idada laseHawaii lasakazeka
Kudala, amadada aseHawaii ahlala kuzo zonke iziqhingi ezinkulu zaseHawaii (USA), ngaphandle kwaseLana naseKaolaolave, kepha manje indawo yabo yokuhlala isikhawulelwe eKauai naseNi'ihau, futhi ivela e-Oahu nasesiqhingini esikhulu saseMaui. Inani labantu lilinganiselwa kubantu abayi-2200 - 2525.
Cishe izinyoni ezingama-300 ezibonwa e-Oahu naseMaui, ezifana no-A. wyvilliana ngezici, kodwa le datha idinga ucwaningo olukhethekile, ngoba iningi lezinyoni ezihlala kulezi ziqhingi ezimbili ziyinzalo ka-A. wyvilliana. Ukusatshalaliswa nobuningi bedada laseHawaii akukwazi ukucaciswa, ngoba kwezinye izindawo zebanga, izinyoni kunzima ukuzibona ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zamadada.
Izindawo zokuhlala zedada laseHawaii
Idada laseHawaii lihlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.
Kwenzeka emachibini asogwini, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, izimfunda ezigcwele amanzi. Ihlala emifudlaneni yezintaba, amadamu anthropogenic futhi kwesinye isikhathi emahlathini anexhaphozi. Ikhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-3300. Ikhetha amaxhaphozi angaphezu kwamahektha angu-0.23, akude buduze namamitha ayi-600 ukusuka lapho kuhlala khona abantu.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani ledada laseHawaii
Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwesibalo samadada aseHawaii ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kubangelwe ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ezidlayo: amagundane, ama-mongoose, izinja ezifuywayo namakati. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ezolimo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha, kanye nokuzingelwa ngokungakhethi kwezinyoni ezifudukayo eziholele ekufeni kwenqwaba yezinhlobo, kubandakanya nokwehla kwenani lamadada aseHawaii.
Njengamanje, ukuxubana no-A.platyrhynchos kuyisongo esikhulu ekutholakaleni kohlobo.
Ukwehla kwamaxhaphozi nokuguqulwa kwendawo okuhlala kuyo izitshalo zasemanzini ezingaziwa nakho kusongela ubukhona bamadada aseHawaii. Izingulube, izimbuzi nezinye izilwane zasendle eziphazamisa izidleke zezinyoni. Amadada aseHawaii nawo asongelwa yisomiso nokukhathazeka kwezokuvakasha.
Izenzo zokuphepha
Idada laseHawaii livikelwe eKauai, eHanalei - isiqiwi sikazwelonke. Amadada alezi zinhlobo, afuyelwa ekuthunjweni, akhululwa e-Oahu ngenani labantu abangama-326, amanye amadada angu-12 eza eMaui. Izinhlobo zibuye zabuyiselwa esiqhingini esikhulu ngokukhishwa kwamadada afuyelwa ezindlini zezinkukhu.
Ekupheleni kuka-1980, umbuso wakunqabela ukungeniswa kwe-A.platyrhynchos, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kocwaningo lwesayensi nemibukiso. Ngo-2002, uMnyango wezoLimo wafaka umthetho ovimbela zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezilethwa eziqhingini zaseHawaii ukuvikela izinyoni egazini laseNtshonalanga Nile. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokwakha izindlela zokuhlonza ama-nzalo afaka ukuhlolwa kofuzo.
Imisebenzi yokongiwa kwedada laseHawaii ihloselwe ukucacisa ububanzi, ukuziphatha nobuningi be- A. wyvilliana, A. platyrhynchos kanye nama-hybrids, nokuhlola ubukhulu be-interspecific hybridization. Izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo kuhloswe ngazo ukubuyisela amaxhaphozi ahlala amadada aseHawaii. Inani lezilwane ezidla ezinye kufanele lilawulwe lapho kungenzeka khona. Vimbela ukungeniswa nokusatshalaliswa kwe-A.platyrhynchos nezinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu.
Vikela izindawo zokuhlala kusukela ekwethulweni kwezitshalo ezihlaselayo ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezivikelwe. Ukwazisa abanikazi bomhlaba nabasebenzisi bomhlaba ngohlelo lokufundisa ngezemvelo. Hambisa amadada aseHawaii aye eMaui naseMolokai futhi uhlole imiphumela yokuzalanisa izinyoni ezindaweni ezintsha.
