Ingxenye yehhashi, uhhafu wedube nendlulamithi encane - injalo i-okapi, ukutholwa kwayo kwaba cishe umuzwa oyisayensi omkhulu wekhulu lama-20.
Incazelo ye-okapi
I-Okapia johnstoni - I-okapi kaJohnston, noma i-okapi elula, ukuphela kwe-artiodactyl yohlobo olufanayo i-Okapia, ilungu lomndeni wendlulamithi... Kodwa-ke, ukufana okuphawuleka kakhulu akukhona kakhulu ngezindlulamithi njengokhokho babo, kanye nama-zebra (ngokombala) namahhashi (ngomzimba).
Ukubukeka
I-Okapi yinhle ngendlela exakile - ijazi elimnyama elibomvu elibomvu-ushokoledi ekhanda, emaceleni nasigaxeni lishintsha ngokuzumayo emilenzeni ngethoni emhlophe enemigqa emnyama engajwayelekile elingisa iphethini yedube. Umsila ulinganisela (30-40 cm), uphela ngokhula. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-okapi ifana nehhashi elinemibala exotic, eselithole izimpondo ezincane (ama-ossicons) ngamathiphu ama-horny, ashintshwa minyaka yonke.
I-artiodactyl enkulu, ecishe ibe ngu-2 m ubude, ekhula isisindayo ebudaleni ize ifike kuma-2.5 centers anokuphakama lapho ibuna ngo-1.5-1.72 m. Ingaphezulu lekhanda nezindlebe liphinda ingemuva loshokholethi womzimba, kodwa isifonyo (kusukela phansi kwezindlebe kuye entanyeni) omhlophe onombala onamehlo amakhulu amnyama ahlukile. Izindlebe ze-okapi zibanzi, ziyizigaxa futhi zihamba kakhulu; intamo imfushane kakhulu kunendlulamithi futhi ilingana no-2/3 ubude bomzimba.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-okapi inolimi oluluhlaza olude futhi oluncane, cishe olungamasentimitha angama-40 oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngosizo lwesilwane esigezayo, sikhothe amehlo aso ngokuthula futhi ngaphandle kokuzikhandla ukufinyelela kuma-auricles.
Umugqa omncane omile wesikhumba esingenalutho uhlukanisa udebe olungaphezulu maphakathi. I-okapi ayinayo i-gallbladder, kodwa kunamaphakethe ezihlathi nhlangothi zombili zomlomo lapho ukudla kungagcinwa khona.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
U-Okapi, ngokungafani nendlulamithi ethanda ukuhlangana, uthanda ukuba yedwa futhi akuvamile ukuthi ahlangane ngamaqembu (imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka lapho ufuna ukudla). Izindawo zomuntu siqu zabesilisa ziyahlangana futhi azinayo imingcele ecacile (ngokungafani nezindawo zabesifazane), kepha zihlala zikhulu endaweni futhi zifinyelela ku-2.5-5 km2. Izilwane zidla kakhulu emini, zingene buthule zingene phakathi kwamahlathi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyazivumela ukuhwalala. Baphumula ebusuku ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqapha kwabo okungokwemvelo: akumangazi ukuthi kusukela ezinzwa ze-okapi, ukuzwa nephunga kuthuthukiswa kangcono.
Kuyathakazelisa! U-Okapi Johnston akanazintambo zezwi, ngakho-ke imisindo ikhiqizwa lapho umoya ukhishwa. Phakathi kwabo, izilwane zikhuluma ngempempe ethambile, ukwehlisa noma ukukhwehlela okuphansi.
Ama-Okapi ahlukaniswa ngobunono obuhle futhi athanda ukukhotha isikhumba sawo esihle isikhathi eside, okungabavimbeli ukuthi bamake indawo yabo ngomchamo. Kuliqiniso, amamaki anjalo wephunga ashiywa ngabesilisa kuphela, futhi abesifazane bazisa ngobukhona babo ngokuhlikihla intamo yabo ngezindlala ezinephunga eziqwini. Abesilisa bahlikihla izintamo zabo ezihlahleni.
Lapho zigcinwa ndawonye, ngokwesibonelo, e-zoo, i-okapis ziqala ukubona ubukhosi obusobala, futhi emzabalazweni wobukhosi bashaya kakhulu izimbangi zabo ngamakhanda nezinselo. Lapho kutholakala ubuholi, izilwane ezibusayo zizama ngisho nangokweqile ukwedlula labo abangaphansi kwabo ngokuqondisa izintamo zabo nokuphakamisa amakhanda abo phezulu. Ama-okapi asezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile abeka ikhanda / intamo yawo ngqo emhlabathini lapho ekhombisa inhlonipho kubaholi.
U-okapi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Kukholakala ukuthi endle, ama-okapi aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15-25, kepha aphila isikhathi eside kakhulu emapaki ezilwane, evame ukweqa uphawu lweminyaka engama-30.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Owesilisa kowesifazane, njengomthetho, bahlukaniswa ngama-ossicons... Ukuqhuma kwamathambo owesilisa, onobude obungu-10-12 cm, kutholakala emathanjeni angaphambili futhi kuqondiswe emuva nangokweqile. Iziqongo zama-ossicons zivame ukungabi nalutho noma ziphele emigodini emincane yama-horny. Iningi labesifazane alinazimpondo, futhi uma likhula, lingaphansi ngobukhulu kunelabesilisa futhi lihlala ligcwele isikhumba ngokuphelele. Omunye umehluko uphathelene nombala womzimba - abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi bamnyama kunabesilisa.
Umlando wokutholwa kwe-Okapi
Iphayona lika-okapi kwakuyisivakashi esidumile saseBrithani kanye nomhloli wamazwe wase-Afrika uHenry Morton Stanley, owathi ngo-1890 wafinyelela emahlathini emvula aseCongo. Yilapho ahlangana khona nababhikishi abangamangazanga amahhashi aseYurophu, bethi cishe izilwane ezifanayo zizulazula emahlathini endawo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imininingwane ephathelene "namahhashi asehlathini" eshiwo komunye wemibiko kaStanley yanquma ukuthi ihlolwe ngumNgisi wesibili, uMbusi wase-Uganda uJohnston.
Umcimbi ofanele waziveza ngo-1899, lapho ingaphandle "lehhashi lasehlathini" (okapi) lalichazwa kumbusi ngokuningiliziwe ngabaphayimani kanye nesithunywa sevangeli esasibizwa ngokuthi uLloyd. Ubufakazi baqala ukufika ngokulandelana: ngokushesha abazingeli baseBelgium banikeza uJohnston izingcezu ezimbili zezikhumba ze-okapi, azithumela eRoyal Zoological Society (eLondon).
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho, kwavela ukuthi izikhumba kwakungezona ezanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamadube akhona, futhi ebusika bowe-1900 kwachazwa isilwane esisha (ngudokotela wezilwane uSklater) ngaphansi kwegama elithile "ihhashi likaJohnston".
Kwathi kuphela unyaka, lapho kufika izingebhezi ezimbili nesikhumba esigcwele eLondon, kwacaca ukuthi zikude ne-equine, kepha ziyafana nezinsalela zabazalanisi bendlulamithi abangasekho. Lesi silwane esingaziwa kudingeke siqanjwe kabusha ngokushesha, siboleke igama laso loqobo elithi "okapi" kubabhikishi.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Okapi itholakala kuphela eDemocratic Republic of Congo (eyayiyiZaire phambilini), yize kungenjalo kudala, la ma-artiodactyls ayengatholakala entshonalanga ye-Uganda.
Iningi lemfuyo ligxile enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo, lapho kunamahlathi amaningi okunzima ukufinyelela kuwo. I-Okapi incamela ukuhlala eduze kwezigodi zemifula nezimfunda, ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-0.5-1 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, lapho kunezimila eziluhlaza.
Ukudla kwe-Okapi
Emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, kaningi ezingxenyeni zawo eziphansi, i-okapi ibheka amahlumela / amaqabunga ezihlahla ze-euphorbia nezihlahlana, kanye nezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ngezikhathi ezithile ziyoklaba otshanini obunotshani. Sekukonke, ukutholakala kokudla kwe-okapi kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezivela emindenini yezitshalo eziyi-13, iningi lazo elifakwa ngezikhathi ezithile ekudleni kwayo.
Futhi izinhlobo ezingama-30 kuphela zokudla kwezitshalo ezidliwa yizilwane ezinomkhuba ovuthayo.... Ukudla okuhlala njalo kwe-okapi kuqukethe izitshalo ezidliwayo nezinobuthi (noma ngabe zenzelwe abantu):
- amaqabunga aluhlaza;
- amahlumela namahlumela;
- amafern;
- utshani;
- izithelo;
- amakhowe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokudla kwansuku zonke livela emaqabungeni. U-Okapi ubasusa ngokunyakaza okushelelisayo, phambilini ubebambe amahlumela ngesihlahla ngolimi lwakhe olungamasentimitha angama-40.
Ukuhlaziywa kukadoti we-okapi wasendle kukhombisile ukuthi izilwane ezinemithamo emikhulu zidla amalahle, kanye nobumba olunosawoti olugcwele usawoti olumboze osebeni lwemifula nemifula yasendaweni. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziphakamise ukuthi ngale ndlela ama-okapis enza ukungabikho kosawoti bamaminerali emizimbeni yabo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-Okapi iqala imidlalo yokukhwelana ngoMeyi - Juni noma Novemba - Disemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ziguqula umkhuba wazo wokuhlala zodwa bese ziyahlangana ukuze ziqhubeke nohlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokubambisana, lo mbhangqwana uhlukana, futhi zonke izinkathazo ngenzalo ziwela emahlombe omama. Insikazi izala umbungu izinsuku ezingama-440, futhi ngaphambi nje kokubeletha ingena ehlozini elijulile.
U-Okapi uletha eyodwa enkulu (kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-30 kg) ne-cub ezizimele ngokuphelele, okuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 isivele ithola ubisi ebeleni likamama, kuthi ngemuva kwengxenye yehora ikwazi ukulandela umama. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, umntwana osanda kuzalwa uvame ukulala ngokuthula endaweni yokukhosela (eyakhiwe ngowesifazane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa) ngenkathi ethola ukudla. Umama uthola ingane ngemisindo efana naleyo eyenziwe i-okapi yabantu abadala - ukukhwehlela, ukushaya ikhwela okuzwakalayo noma ukukhala okuphansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokuhlelwa okukhaliphile komgudu wokugaya ukudla, lonke ubisi lukamama lufakwa kugremu lokugcina, kanti i-okapi encane ayinayo indle (enephunga elivela kubo), okuyisindisa kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla phansi.
Ubisi lukamama lugcinwa ekudleni kwengane cishe kuze kube unyaka owodwa: ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, ingane iluphuza njalo, futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zesibili - ngezikhathi ezithile, ngezikhathi ezithile kufakwa izingono. Noma ishintshele ekuzondleni okuzimele, izinyane elikhulile lizizwa lisondelene kakhulu nonina futhi lihlala lisondele.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuxhumana kuqinile ezinhlangothini zombili - umama ugijimela ukuvikela ingane yakhe, noma ngabe ngabe ingozi ingakanani. Kusetshenziswa izinselo ezinamandla nemilenze eqinile, elwa ngayo nezilwane ezicindezelayo. Ukwakheka okuphelele komzimba ezilwaneni ezisencane akupheli ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-3 ubudala, yize amandla okuzala evula ngaphambi kwesikhathi - kwabesifazane unyaka owodwa izinyanga eziyi-7, nakwabesilisa eminyakeni emi-2 izinyanga ezimbili.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esikhulu semvelo se-okapi esibucayi sibizwa ngokuthi yingwe, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, usongo luvela ezimpisini namabhubesi.... AmaPygmy abuye akhombise izinhloso ezingenabungani ngalezi zilwane ezinenselo evundlile, izimayini ze-okapi ngenxa yenyama nezikhumba ezinhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuzwa kwabo okujulile nomuzwa wokuhogela, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi ama-pygmy agqobhoze ama-okapis, ngakho-ke ajwayele ukwakha imigodi yokubamba.
Okapi ekuthunjweni
Lapho umhlaba usukwazi ukuthi kukhona i-okapi, amapaki ezilwane azama ukuthola lesi silwane esingavamile emaqoqweni aso, kodwa kwaba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. I-okapi yokuqala yavela eYurophu, noma kunalokho, e-Antwerp Zoo, ngo-1919 kuphela, kodwa, naphezu kobusha bakhe, wahlala khona izinsuku ezingama-50 kuphela. Le mizamo elandelayo nayo ayiphumelelanga, kwaze kwaba ngo-1928 u-okapi wesifazane wangena e-Antwerp zoo, eyanikezwa igama elithi Tele.
Washona ngo-1943, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yokuguga noma ukwengamela, kodwa ngoba iMpi Yezwe Yesibili yayiqhubeka, futhi kwakungekho lutho ukondla izilwane. Isifiso sokuthola inzalo i-okapi ekuthunjweni nakho kuphele ngokwehluleka. Ngo-1954, endaweni efanayo, eBelgium (Antwerp), i-okapi esanda kuzalwa yazalwa, kodwa akazange azithokozise izikhonzi nezivakashi ze-zoo isikhathi eside, ngoba washeshe wafa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwe-okapi kwenzeka emuva kwesikhathi, ngo-1956, kepha sekuvele kuseFrance, ngokunembile, eParis. Namuhla i-okapi (abantu abangu-160) abaphili nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bakhiqiza kahle ema-zoo ayi-18 emhlabeni jikelele.
Futhi ezweni lakubo la ma-artiodactyls, enhlokodolobha yaseDR Congo, eKinshasa, kuvulwe isiteshi lapho benza khona ukubanjwa okusemthethweni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-Okapi iyinhlobo evikeleke ngokuphelele ngaphansi komthetho waseCongo futhi ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List njengoba ibekiwe ngaphansi kosongo, kepha hhayi ku-CITES Appendices. Ayikho idatha ethembekile ngosayizi wabantu bomhlaba jikelele... Ngakho-ke, ngokwezibalo zaseMpumalanga, inani eliphelele le-okapi lingaphezu kwabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-10, kanti ngokweminye imithombo lisondele kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-35-50.
Inani lezilwane liye lehla kusukela ngo-1995, futhi lo mkhuba, ngokusho kwabalondolozi bemvelo, uzoqhubeka nokukhula. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwabantu zithiwa:
- ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu;
- ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi;
- ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi;
- izimpi ezihlomile, kubandakanya nempi yombango eCongo.
Iphuzu lokugcina lingesinye sezinsongo ezinkulu ekubeni khona kwe-okapi, njengoba amaqembu ahlomile angekho emthethweni angena ngisho nasezindaweni ezivikelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ziyancipha ngokushesha ezindaweni lapho zizingelwa khona inyama nezikhumba ngezicupho ezikhethekile. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni abavinjelwa i-Okapi Conservation Project (1987), ehlose ukuvikela lezi zilwane nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.
