Sheep killer - yile ndlela abalimi baseNew Zealand ababiza ngayo inyoni. Ebusika, ama-kea zopholi aziphatha kahle njengezilwane ezingasuthiseki, kepha lokhu akuyona kuphela eyinqaba yabo.
Incazelo ye-parrot kea
INestor notabilis (kea) ingeyohlobo lwe-Nestor, futhi yathola igama layo elifushane le-sonorous kusuka kumaMaori, abantu bomdabu baseNew Zealand... Abomdabu abazikhathazanga ngokufuna isikhathi eside isidlaliso, banquma ukubiza amapholi ngokuhambisana nokukhala kwabo okucijile okuthi "ke-aaa".
Ukubukeka
UKea akakwazi ukuhlaba umxhwele ngokuhlukahluka nokukhanya kwezimpaphe, okuyisici sopholi abaningi. Abamele lezi zinhlobo babukeka benesizotha, njengoba ingxenye engaphandle / engenhla yomzimba namaphiko kudwetshwe ngombala onsundu noluhlaza (ngokuhlukahluka). U-wax omnyama ompunga, uhlaka oluzungeze amehlo nezidladla ezimpunga akufaki ukuvezwa. Isithombe siyashintsha lapho nje upholi evula amaphiko awo aluhlaza okomnqumo, lapho kutholakala ngaphansi kwawo izimpaphe ezivuthayo eziwolintshi noma ezibomvu. I-kea endala ayikhuli ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha (ngobude bephiko obungu-33-34 cm) futhi inesisindo esisuka ku-0.7 kuye ku-1 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-kea inomlomo ophawuleka ngokwedlulele: icijile kakhulu, igobile kakhulu futhi inonqenqema olungaphezulu olude kakhulu kunolwasemzansi. I-Kea (ngenxa yesakhiwo esingajwayelekile somlomo) kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-falcon parrot.
By the way, ornithologists in the course of recent studies have found that morphologically, falcons are closer to parrots, hhayi ezinhlotsheni ezidla njengezinkozi noklebe.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
UKea mude njengegwababa, kepha uyamdlula ngobuhlakani, futhi uvame ukubalwa phakathi kwezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokuya nge-IQ, le nyoni ingaphambi kwamaphara. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-kea (ehlala ngaphezu kwe-1.5 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle) ukuphela kwopholi bezintaba futhi isebenza njengesibonelo sokuzivumelanisa. Ngopholi balezi zinhlobo, ukujwayela kwakukhona ekushintsheni imisebenzi enikezwe yimvelo ngezinzipho ezinamandla nangoqhwaku. Banikwa amapholi ukuthi bagibele ngokushesha ezihlahleni futhi bachoboze izithelo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho i-kea iphenduke izidalwa, baqala ukwenza umsebenzi ohlukile.
Okubalulekile! Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahola (ngokuya ngezimo) usuku noma indlela yokuphila yasebusuku, bahlukaniswa indlela yokuphila ehleli kakhulu, bazivumelanise nezimo zezulu ezinzima, futhi, ikakhulukazi, abawesabi amakhaza.
I-Kea yizinyoni ezinesikhathi esithile ezibhukuda ngeziqubu ezincibilikile noma ziwe eqhweni. Umsebenzi wasebusuku ubonwa kaningi ngenkathi efudumele; izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuhamba kakhulu kunabantu abadala. AbakwaKea benza izindiza ezincane ezimfishane befuna ukudla, futhi bathutheleka emhlanjini omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwesiphepho, bezungeza ezigodini ngokukhala okukhulu.
Ubuhlakani obumangazayo kanye nelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, okugcwaliswe ukungabi namahloni nesibindi, kuguqule i-kea yaba ithoyizi lezivakashi eziningi futhi laba isijeziso sangempela kubahlali bendawo (ababiza amapholi ngokuthi "ama-clown of the mountains"). Kuthungathwa kokudla, i-kea iya ezindaweni zokulahla udoti kanye neziqukathi zodoti ezingenamahloni, ilahla okuqukethwe kwayo ngqo emhlabathini. I-kea ebulawa yindlala izolanda izinto ezifakwa emotweni, ibheke kojosaka nezikhwama, ikhonkothe amatende, inganaki abantu abemi eduze.
Mangaki kea bukhoma
Opholi bezinhlobo zeNestor notabilis baphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, kwesinye isikhathi beqa ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka. I-Kea zikulungele ukuthambisa nokuzivumelanisa nokuthunjwa. Njengamanje, i-kea igxilile emapaki amaningi wezilwane emhlabeni - e-Amsterdam, eBudapest, eWarsaw, eCopenhagen naseVienna.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ama-Kea wesilisa makhulu futhi acacile kunezinsikazi, athe ukuba manzi kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uqhwaku lweduna luhlala lulude kunolwesifazane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyoni, ngaphandle kobulili, zifunde kalula (imvamisa ngokubuka isihlobo), zihlukanisa imibala, zixazulule izinkinga ezinengqondo futhi zibonise inkumbulo enhle kakhulu. UKea usebenza yedwa futhi njengeqembu, futhi ubuye enze izivivinyo izinkawu ezingakwazanga ukuziphasa.
Indawo yokuhlala
IKea yaziwa njengendabuko eNew Zealand, njengoba ihlala kuphela ezinkangala zaseSouth Island (ngenhla kwendawo yehlathi). Lezi zinhlobo ziye zajwayela kahle ubusika obuneqhwa, zikhetha isimo sezulu esibuhlungu kunemfudumalo eshisayo. AbakwaKea abesabi inkungu yasentwasahlobo kanye nemimoya eqinile yasehlobo, bajwayele amakhaza asebusika namabhilidi.
IKea ihlala ezintabeni, emahlathini ama-beech nasezigodini ezinemithambeka emikhulu enezihlahla, yehla ngezikhathi ezithile iye ezimfundeni eziphakeme futhi ihlole amahlathi. Ama-parrot awasabi abantu, ngakho-ke ajwayele ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo zokukhempa, amahhotela, izakhiwo zabavakashi nezindlu.
Ukudla kwe-parrot kea
Amakhono kaKea enza izinto ezihlukahlukene kubonakala ekudleni kwakhe. Opholi banesifiso esifanayo sokudla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Isisekelo sefolishi se-kea sifaka izithako ezilandelayo:
- utshani nezithelo;
- imbewu namantongomane;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo;
- ezingenamgogodla.
Opholi bakhipha izilwane ezincane ngaphansi kwamatshe noma bathole phakathi kwezimila zenhlabathi. Izithelo nompe wezimbali kutholakala ezinyonini kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, futhi ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo neqhwa lokuqala, i-kea iphoqeleka ukushintshela kwimenyu yenyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba kwenzekile, bonke abamele lolu hlobo bayakwazi ukudla imfuyo nomdlalo, beqhutshwa yindlala, okuvame ukwenzeka ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngokushoda kokunye ukudla). Ngendlela, kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwaba khona ukufa okukhulu kwezimvu, lapho i-kea ngokwabo yayingazi lutho.
Ngabe i-kea iphenduke kanjani izidlakela
Opholi baseSouth Island bonakaliswa izifiki zaseYurophu... Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwazo, i-kea, njengopholi abayizibonelo, bondliwe ngamantongomane, amaqabunga, izithelo nezinambuzane.
AbaseYurophu bakhulise uhla lwe-gastronomic lwe-kea ngomkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu onamaprotheni amaningi, noma kunalokho inyama, beshiya izinyamazane ezifile nezimvu / izimbuzi eziwile ezihlathini. U-Kea akazange afundise nje njengezilwane ezidlayo, kodwa njengabaqaphi, njengoba baqala ukudla izidumbu ezibolile.
Inani lamapholi aligcinanga ngokwanda ngokubonakalayo, kepha futhi liphusha imingcele yezindawo zokuhlala, zehla zisuka ezinkangala ziye emithambekeni engezansi yezintaba futhi zizinza emagumbini asenyakatho yesiqhingi. Izinyoni zaqoqa udoti ezindaweni ezihlatshwa kuzo, zikhetha amanoni asele ezikhunjeni zezimvu ezisikiwe, kwathi kamuva zanambitha inyama yezimvu. Ekuqaleni, izinyoni zazaneliswa yinyama yezilwane ezifile, kepha zathola ukunambitheka futhi zaqala ukukhipha amanoni angaphansi kwesikhumba emvu egulayo / endala, engakwazi ukumelana nopholi abanonya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngemuva kwesikhashana, i-kea enobudlova futhi eqinile, abelusi ababibiza ngokuthi umbulali wezimvu, yaqala ukuhlasela imfuyo encane futhi enempilo. Kuliqiniso, emhlambini wabalweli bezimvu ze-kea ababaningi - imvamisa amaphara aqinile.
Lesi sigejane sabaphangi abanezimpaphe naso senza umsebenzi ongabongi - zihlasela izimvu, zivumela amaqabane abo ukuthi azondle ngomgogodla wenyama. Ukuzingelwa kwezimvu kulimaze isithunzi sopholi, ngokusobala kungabuqinisi ubudlelwano phakathi kwabalimi be-kea nabaseNew Zealand: abokugcina baqala ukubazonda kakhulu.
Ukuzingela izimvu
Inyoni edla ukudla okokuqala yehlela emhlabathini eduze kwalowo engaba isisulu, bese ishesha yandiza ngomhlane. Akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi upholi ubambe ngokushesha esikhunjeni semvu, njengoba imvu enganelisekile izama ukuyinyakazisa. UKea uphinda imizamo yakhe kuze kube yilapho uzipho lwakhe oluqinile luzipholela esikhunjeni kanzima kangangokuba izimvu azikwazi ukumlahla phansi.
Le nyoni ekugcineni igxumela ezimvwini, bese igijimela enkundleni igibele umgibeli onezimpaphe emhlane, ihlanya ngokuphelele ukwesaba nobuhlungu. Imvu ingathanda ukulahla umhlaseli ebaleka, kepha kuyaqabukela ephumelela: upholi unamathela uqinile esikhunjeni, usebenza ngokufana nezinzipho zawo ezibukhali nangoqhwaku. UKea uyanwebisa futhi ajulise isilonda ngokudwengula isikhumba akhumule izicucu zenyama / amafutha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuphela kwengxabano kuyinto embi ngokungenakugwenywa - nangemva kokukhishwa kopholi, imvu iyagula futhi ife ngenxa yesilonda esikhulu esinalesi sifo (cishe u-10 cm ububanzi).
Kuyenzeka ukuthi isilwane esiqhutshwa ngupholi siwe eweni bese siphuka. Lo mphumela ubuye uthandeke kuma-kea - imihlambi yabantu besizwe esikanye nabo ithutheleka esidunjini esisha, ibuka ukuzingelwa ohlangothini. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bagcizelela ukuthi le ndlela yokufuna ukudla isiza amapholi ukondla amaphuphu awo, kanye nokuphila ebusika obuneqhwa ngokwabo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana se-kea sinesikhathi esingaqondakali kangako.... Ezinye izazi zemvelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhwelana ngopholi okusebenzayo kwenzeka ngoJuni, abanye babhekisele kuma-clutches akamuva atholakale ngoNovemba futhi nangoJanuwari-Februwari.
AbakwaKea bakha izidleke zabo emadwaleni nasemadwaleni, besebenzisa izindima zemvelo eziholela ngaphakathi, kanye nasemigodini yobumba etholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-7. Ku-clutch, njengomthetho, kukhona amaqanda ama-4 amhlophe okweqanda, afana nosayizi wamaqanda amajuba.
Ngenxa yezindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, amaqanda namachwane awahlushwa yiziphepho, ukuwa kweqhwa neziphepho zemvula, ngakho-ke, "ukufa kwezinsana" ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle ezinhlotsheni eziphansi kakhulu. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-kea ayinayo imigomo eqinile yokuzalela, amaphuphu aqandusela bobabili ebusika, aqala eNew Zealand ngoJuni, nasentwasahlobo (ngoSepthemba).
Kuyathakazelisa! Amachwane asanda kuzalwa, ondliwa ngokucophelela nguyise, ngokushesha agcwala ngobude obude obude. Ngendlela, owesilisa ondla hhayi kuphela inzalo, kodwa futhi nowesifazane. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, umama uyashiya ingane esekhulile, imshiye ezandleni zikayise.
Amachwane we-Kea aphakama ephikweni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70, kodwa ashiye isidleke sakubo ngemuva kwesikhathi, lapho efinyelela izinyanga ezingu-3,5.5. Amakhono okuzala ezinhlotsheni zeNestor notabilis atholakala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu.
Izitha zemvelo
Ibutho lezitha zemvelo ze-kea lakhiwa izinhlobo ezifakiwe, ikakhulukazi amakati endle, ama-ermine nama-possum. Izidleke zezinyoni nazo zisengozini enkulu, ezingama-60% zazo zicekelwa phansi izidalwa ezisemhlabeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
UKea useze waziswa yizinhlangano zemvelo kusukela ngo-1970. Kusukela ngo-2017, lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezisengozini futhi kulesi simo kufakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN, kanye naku-Annex II we-Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna / Flora.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukulimala okubonakalayo kwabantu kubangelwe ngabazingeli nabalimi baseNew Zealand, abasola amapholi asezintabeni ngokuqothula ngesihluku izimvu ezifuywayo. Kepha uma uzihlomisa ngezibalo, kuvela ukuthi amacala wokufa kwemfuyo kusuka ezinyaweni / emilonyeni ye-kea akuvamile, futhi angeke aqhathaniswe nokufa okukhulu kwezimvu ezifweni nasemakhazeni.
Opholi abavamile ukuhlasela izilwane ezinempilo, imvamisa baneliseka ngezidumbu zabafile, kanti abelusi abathola isidumbu bathi ukufa kwaso yi-kea abomele igazi. Ekhulwini elidlule, abantu baseNew Zealand babulala amapholi acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezingama-29 eminyakeni engu-8. Iziphathimandla zaseNew Zealand azikhathali ukukholisa abantu ukuthi ingozi ye-kea yokufuya imfuyo incane, futhi yaze yasungulwa (kusukela ngo-1986) isinxephezelo esikhethekile semali ukusindisa amapholi asele.
Izinsongo ze-Anthropogenic nezemvelo zibizwa njengezinye izizathu eziholela ekwehleni kwabantu ngokushesha:
- ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba ngezimoto zeqhwa;
- ngaphambi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezethulwe;
- ukufa eziteshini zikagesi;
- ukungena kwezingxenye eziholayo;
- ukufa ngaphansi kwemigqomo kadoti;
- ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuphakeme kakhulu.
Izazi ze-ornithologists azivumelani lapho zihlola inani eliphelele labamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-kea, kufaka phakathi ngenxa yokugcwala kopholi eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu. Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN (2018), inani labantu baseKea lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, kepha kweminye imithombo isibalo siyizinkulungwane eziyi-15.
