I-Peccary (i-Tayassuidae) ngumndeni omelwe yizinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingezona ezikhanyayo, ezazihlukaniswa ngaphambili njengezingulube. Igama elithi "bakers" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "isilwane esikwaziyo ukwenza imigwaqo ehlathini."
Incazelo yababhaki
Ama-Bakers yizilwane ezincane ezinobude bomzimba ngaphakathi kwemitha nokuphakama lapho kubuna kungabi ngaphezu kwama-55-57 cm... Isisindo esimaphakathi sesilwane esidala singama-28-30 kg. Bonke ababhaki banekhanda elenziwe ngesigaxa, elithambile entanyeni emfushane. Lesi silwane sinephrofayili eqondile nekhala elihlangene, amehlo amancane nezindlebe ezicocekile. Imilenze yombhaki ibhincile futhi imfishane.
Kuyathakazelisa! EMelika, umbhaki wathola isiteketiso "ingulube ye-musky", okungenxa yephunga elithile futhi elingemnandi lemfihlo efihlwe indlala ekhethekile etholakala emhlane ongezansi, eduze komsila.
Ukwakhiwa kwayo kusindayo, kunomsila omfishane futhi engemuva okulengayo kancane. Umzimba wombhaki umbozwe ngokuphelele ngama-bristles aminyene kakhulu, amade kakhulu lapho ebuna nasendaweni engemuva, ngakho-ke, afana nohlobo lwemane. Esigabeni sokuvuka, umhlwenga onjalo uphakanyiswa kalula, oveza indlala, ufafaza imfihlo ephikelelayo futhi "enephunga" kakhulu.
Ukubukeka
Ababhaki banokwehluka okuningana okuphawulekayo okuvela ezingulubeni, okubavumela ukuba babekwe njengezilwane ezikhanyayo ezinezinselo:
- ukuhlukanisa isisu sibe izingxenye ezintathu ngephepha lamasoseji angaboni;
- ukuba khona kweminwe emithathu emilenzeni yangemuva;
- imishanguzo engunxantathu engenhla eqondiswe phansi;
- ukutholakala kwamazinyo angama-38;
- ngazimbili izindlala mammary.
Besebenzisa imfihlo ekhethekile efana nemiski, ababhaki abadala bafaka uphawu endaweni yabo ngokufafaza uketshezi olunephunga elinamandla ezihlahleni, otshanini noma ematsheni.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl ezingakhanyi ezihleli endaweni enkulu impela zijwayele izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene, zizizwa zikhululekile ngokulinganayo hhayi emahlathini emvula kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Ababhaki bezintshebe ezimhlophe batholakala kakhulu emahlathini asomile, futhi amadwala amakhulu noma imigede yamatshe esetshenziswa yizilwane ezinjengendawo yokukhosela ezitheni.
Kunzima ukubiza abapheki bokuhlala. Isilwane esincelisayo lapho sifuna indawo entsha yokudla siyakwazi ukufuduka sisuke kwenye indawo siye kwenye. Njengomthetho, ababhaki bahlala endaweni eyodwa usuku lonke. Ama-Artiodactyls ahlala emihlambini, isibalo saso sonke esivame ukuba ngabantu abangamakhulu amabili. Inhloko yomphakathi omkhulu kangaka ngumholi wesifazane omdala futhi onolwazi kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Bakers asebenza ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni, kepha ngezikhathi zasemini izilwane ezincelisayo zivame ukuphaphama, zilele emibhedeni yazo.
Ngenxa yokuhlushwa okukhulu kwabantu emhlambini, izilwane ziyakwazi ukuzivikela ngempumelelo hhayi zona zodwa, kodwa futhi nenzalo yazo ezitheni... Uma izilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl ezingakhanyisi zisongelwa yizilwane ezidlayo, khona-ke wonke amalungu amadala womhlambi, njengokujwayelekile, afola kulayini onamandla wokuzivikela. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi baneminyaka emingaki, ababhaki bayathanda ukugeza odakeni noma othulini, kepha bahlala bezikhulula kuphela ezindaweni ezibekelwe le nhloso.
Bangaki ababhaki abaphila
Ngaphandle kwezinga lokufa eliphakeme lababhaki emvelweni, isikhathi sokuphila kwalesi silwane ekuthunjweni kaningi sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-22-24.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa nabesifazane bezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane bahluka kakhulu ekubukekeni kwabo noma ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, kepha ababhaki akayona ingxenye yalesi sigaba. Isici esihlukile sababhaki ukungabi bikho ngokuphelele kwezimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi. Kodwa-ke, "izingulube" ngokwazo ziyizindlela zokuhlukanisa ngokobulili.
Izinhlobo zababhaki
Namuhla, zine kuphela izinhlobo zababhaki ezikhona futhi ezifundwa kahle:
- Ababhaki abahlanganisiwe (Pecari tajacu) yizilwane ezincane futhi ezihamba phambili ngokumangalisayo. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuba khona komugqa omhlophe ophuzi wehla usuka esifundeni esikhanyayo uye engxenyeni engezansi yekhanda;
- Umlomo omhlophe noma ababhaki abanezintshebe ezimhlophe (Tayassu pecari) Yizilwane ezinkulu nezinamandla kakhulu kunababhaki bekhola abathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziseduze kwamanzi. Isici sabo esiyinhloko indawo enkulu emhlophe etholakala phansi kwekhanda;
- Ama-Chak bakers (I-Catagonus wagneri) zatholakala ngo-1975. Isilwane sihlala ezindaweni zasendle nezomile. Isici esithile izinyawo ezinde, ukusingathwa nezindlebe, lapho isilwane esinjalo sathola igama lesidlaliso "imbongolo yengulube";
- Ababhaki abakhulu (Pecari maximus) zatholwa eBrazil emuva ngo-2007. Lezi zinhlobo zehlukile kunoma yiziphi ezinye izihlobo zazo ngombala wazo oyingqayizivele nosayizi omkhulu. Ababhaki abakhulu baphila impilo yomndeni, bathanda amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zababhaki basendle, okubhekwe ukuthi zingasekho, zaphinde zatholakala ngekhulu elidlule, ngokwakhiwa kwezimila zase-tropical kanye nama-savannah.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ababhaki yizilwane zomphakathi, futhi ukuxhumana kusekelwa imisindo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukubhonga.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo ephelele yensimu yomhlambi owodwa ingahluka kusuka kumahektha ayisi-6-7 kuye kwayi-1,250. Insimu yesilwane imakwe ngosizo lwendle, kanye nezikhukhula ezivela kwizindlala ze-dorsal. Ababhaki abakwa-collared ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezitholakala e-United States lapho abantu abahlanu kuya kwabayishumi nanhlanu benza umhlambi.
Indawo yokuhlala umhlambi wababhaki abanezintshebe ezimhlophe enyakatho yebanga kuze kufike eningizimu yeMexico ingama-60-200 km2... Imihlambi emikhulu yalezi zinhlobo ivame ukumelwa ngamakhanda angamakhulu noma ngaphezulu. Ababhaki bezintshebe ezimhlophe bayakwazi ukuma endaweni ethile izinsuku ezimbalwa, emva kwalokho kufunwa ukudla kwenye indawo. Lolu hlobo luvame ukudla ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni.
Ukudla kwamaBheki
Ama-Herbivores ahlukaniswa nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesisu, esiqinisekisa ukugaywa okuphelele kwezinhlobo zokudla ezinzima... Endaweni yaseningizimu, ababhaki badla ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, okumelwe izimpande, ama-bulb, amantongomane namakhowe.
Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukudla izidumbu namaqanda, amaxoxo nezinyoka ezincane. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, ama-bulb nezimpande, amantongomane nobhontshisi, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, izimila ezine-herbaceous ne-cacti, izibungu nezinambuzane imvamisa kuyisisekelo sokudla kwesilwane esinjalo.
Ezindaweni zokuhlala ezomile, ukudla kwezilwane ezinjalo kunguhlaza oluncane, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-cacti zisetshenziselwa ukudla, ezilungiswa kalula futhi ngesisu esisemakamelweni amabili. Ababhaki asebekhulile basebenzisa isifonyo sabo esiqinile ukugingqa umdolofiya osikiwe ebusweni bomhlaba, okususa ameva kuwo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ababhaki abanezintshebe ezimhlophe bayakwazi ukuzala izingane unyaka wonke, kepha inani eliphakeme lesikhathi sokuzala ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-156-162, emva kwalokho kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa kuya kwamane. Emahoreni ambalwa emva kokuzalwa, izingane ziyakwazi ukuzihambela ngokuzimela futhi zihamba nonina. Isikhathi sokuzalisa sihlotshaniswa nenqwaba yefolishi nemvula.
Ababhaki beCollar abanayo inkathi ethile yokuzalanisa, ngakho-ke izingane zingazalwa unyaka wonke. Ukukhwelana kuthonywa isimo sezulu kanye nokuba khona kwemvula. Owesilisa ovelele uvame ukukhwelana nazo zonke izinsikazi emhlambini.
Kuyathakazelisa! ukuthi ababhaki abanezintshebe ezimhlophe bayakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-hybridi anama-collar bakers.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-141-151, futhi kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa kuya kwamathathu kudoti. Izinyanga ezintathu, insikazi yondla izingane ngobisi. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye, kanti abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-8-14.
Izitha zemvelo
Abaphikisana kakhulu nababhaki endaweni yemvelo ama-jaguar nama-cougars, kanye nabantu... Abantu bazingela izilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl ezingezona ezikhanyayo ngenhloso yokuthola inyama nezikhumba. Ababhaki abasha bahlaselwa ama-coyotes ne-red lynx. Umama uvikela inzalo yakhe ngenkuthalo futhi ulume isitha ngamazinyo akhe. Umbhaki onentukuthelo noma othukile ukhipha isici esikhulu ngokuchofoza amazinyo akhe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-bak bakers (i-Catagonus wagneri) njengamanje afakwe ohlwini lwe-International Red Book, futhi inani lawo okwamanje lincane.
