Isikhova siyinyoni encane engohlelo lwezikhova. Igama layo lesiLatin lithi Athene, lihlobene eduze negama likankulunkulukazi wasendulo wamaGrikhi wempi nokuhlakanipha, uPallas Athena. Lezi zinyoni, kanye nenyoka eyaba ngabangane bendodakazi enjengempi kaZeus, zazivame ukubanjwa ngabadwebi nabadwebi bemidwebo emifanekisweni nasezithombeni ezibaziwe. Kepha endaweni yaseRussia, izikhova ezikhathini zangaphambili zazingathandwa: abantu babebabheka njengezimbangela zezinkinga namashwa futhi babheka ukuhlangana nesikhova njengebika elibi.
Incazelo yezikhova
Ngokuya ngesigaba, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili kuya kweziyisihlanu kungokwenhlobo yezikhova.... Ngokuya ngokwezigaba, okwamanje okubhekwa njengezinembe kakhulu, izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela ezithathwa njengezikhova zangempela: iBrahmin, nsundu nonogwaja. Futhi isikhova sehlathi ebesikade singabo manje sehlukaniswe saba uhlobo oluhlukile - Heteroglaux.
Ukubukeka
Izikhova azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosayizi abakhulu: ubude bomzimba walezi zinyoni abukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu, futhi ngesisindo azifinyeleli nakuma-200 amagremu. Izimpiko zazo zingafinyelela cishe ku-60 cm. Ngaphandle, zifana nento yamachwane ezikhova, kanti izinyoni ezindala, yize zibukeka njengezikhova, zinkulu kakhulu kunazo. Uma ikhanda lesikhova linomumo oyindilinga, khona-ke ikhanda lesikhova licwecwe kakhudlwana, okukhumbuza i-oval enwetshiwe elele ngohlangothi, kuyilapho i-disc yabo yobuso ingabonakali kahle. Omunye umehluko phakathi kwezikhova nezikhova ukuthi azinazo izimpaphe emakhanda azo ezakha ukufana kwezindlebe.
Umsila mfushane uma ugoqiwe, izimpiko nazo zibukeka zifushane. Izikhova zinezimpaphe eziwugqinsi ezinsundu noma ezinesihlabathi, ezihlanjululwe ngamachashazi amhlophe, akha amashiya amhlophe ekhanda, futhi zisakazeke phezu komzimba ngephethini elinezinxushunxushu ezifana nezicucu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunesithunzi esikhanyayo esiswini, lapho amabala ombala omkhulu, omnyama ehlukaniswa ngokucacile.
Izipikili zinsundu ngokumnyama, kunalokho zinde futhi zibukhali. Uqhwaku lwezikhova lungaba ngomunye wemibala ephuzi, imvamisa ngokuhlanganiswa kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo nokwempunga, futhi kwesinye isikhathi uqhwaku lube mnyama kakhulu kune-mandible. Amehlo alezi zinyoni akhanyayo, nomfundi omnyama ochazwe kahle, ogqama ngemuva kwezimpaphe ezinsundu. Umbala wamehlo, kuye ngohlobo, ungasuka kokukhanyayo okuphuzi uye kokukhanyayo okuphuzi okwephuzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhulunywa "kobuso" besikhova kuyacasula, futhi ukubukeka kuyahlaba futhi kuyahlaba. Kubantu abaningi, ukubukeka konke kwezikhova kubukeka kuyenyanyeka futhi kungathandeki ngenxa yokuthi "physiognomy" yaso efiphele kanye nokubheka okunenhloso kakhulu okuvela kulezi zinyoni ngokwemvelo.
Kwakungalesi sici sangaphandle sezikhova esaba yisizathu sesimo sengqondo esingalungile sabantu kubo eRussia. Kuze kube manje, umuntu odangele nosizi uvame ukutshelwa ukuthi: "Kungani ukhophozela okwekhova?"
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izikhova yizinyoni ezihlala phansi ezinokuphila kwasebusuku.... Kuliqiniso, ezinye zalezi zinyoni ziyakwazi ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zihamba amabanga amafushane, kodwa ezimweni eziningi isikhova sihlala endaweni ethile unomphela futhi asikaze siyishintshe. Njengazo zonke ezinye izikhova, zinamehlo nokubona okuhle kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwazo ehlathini lasebusuku futhi kwenza ukuzingela kube lula. Izikhova zingandiza ngokuthula nangokucophelela kangangokuthi isisulu sazo esingahle sibe khona ngaso sonke isikhathi asikwazi ukuphatha ukusondela kwesilwane kuze kube ngumzuzwana wokugcina, bese-ke sekuvele sekwephuze kakhulu ukuzama ukubalekela kuzo ngendiza.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni azikwazi ukuzungezisa amehlo azo, ukuze zibone ukuthi kwenzekani ohlangothini, kufanele zijike njalo amakhanda. Futhi kulesikhova, ngenxa yokuthi inentamo eguquguqukayo, ingaguqula ngisho nama-degree angama-270.
Lezi zinyoni zisebenza ngokukhethekile ebusuku kakhulu nasekuseni kakhulu, yize zikhona ezinye phakathi kwezikhova ezisebenza ngisho nasemini. Bayacophelela kakhulu futhi abavumeli umuntu ukuthi asondele kubo. Uma lokhu kwenzeke, khona-ke isikhova esibanjwe ngokumangala sizama ukwethusa isitha esingaba khona ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu: siqala ukushwiba ngapha nangapha sikhothame ngokuhlekisa. Ngaphandle, lokhu kufana komdanso kubukeka kuhlekisa kakhulu, bambalwa kuphela abantu abakubonile.
Uma isikhova, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yakhe, singakwazanga ukwesabisa isitha ngomdanso futhi asizange sicabange ukuhlehla, khona-ke siyashiya indawo yaso sikhuphukele phansi ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Lezi zinyoni zichitha izinsuku zazo ziphumule emigodini yezihlahla noma emifantwini emincane phakathi kwamatshe. Izikhova zizakha izidleke ngokwazo noma zihlala ezidlekeni ezishiywa ezinye izinyoni, imvamisa izihlahla zezinkuni. Njengomthetho, aziziguquli kukho konke ukuphila kwazo, kunjalo, uma kungenzeki lutho, ngenxa yalokho inyoni kufanele ishiye indawo yayo yokuhlala futhi yakhe isidleke esisha.
Zingaki izikhova ezihlala
Lezi zinyoni ziphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele: isikhathi sokuphila kwazo cishe iminyaka eyi-15.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ezikhova, azivezwa kahle: hhayi ngezici zomthethosisekelo, noma ngombala wezimpaphe, owesilisa ovela kowesifazane akakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Ngisho nosayizi wezinyoni zobulili obuhlukile ucishe ufane, yize insikazi ingase ibe nkudlwana ngandlela thize. Kungakho kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi ngubani kubo, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela ngokuziphatha kwezikhova ngesikhathi sokuqomisana nokuhlangana.
Izinhlobo ze-Owl
Njengamanje, uhlobo lwezikhova zeqiniso lubandakanya izinhlobo ezintathu:
- Isikhova seBrahmin.
- Isikhova esincane.
- Isikhova sonogwaja.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinye izinyoni eziningi ezingaphezulu kwalolu hlobo. Kepha iningi labo lanyamalala ePleistocene. Futhi izinhlobo ezinjengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, izikhova zaseCretan nase-Antiguan ezigqobayo zanyamalala ngemuva kokuba abantu bezinzile kulezo zingxenye zomhlaba lapho lezi zinyoni zazihlala khona.
Isikhova seBrahmin
Ihluka ngosayizi omncane: ubude abudluli ku-20-21 cm, futhi ngesisindo - 120 g. Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe u-grey-brownish, uhlanjululwe ngamachashaza amhlophe, isisu, kunalokho, simhlophe ngamabala amancane ombala oyinhloko. Ezungeze intamo nangaphansi kwekhanda kukhona okufana "nokhololo" omhlophe. Izwi le-Brahmin Owl lifana nochungechunge lokukhala okukhulu, kokugaya. Le nyoni ihlala endaweni enkulu emboze iNingizimu-mpumalanga neNingizimu Asia, kanye ne-Iran.
Isikhova esincane
Inkulu kancane kunezinhlobo zangaphambilini: ubukhulu bayo bungaba cishe ngama-25 cm, nesisindo sayo - kuze kufike ku-170 g. Umbala wezimpaphe ezinkulu ubunsundu ngokukhanyayo noma isihlabathi ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lolu hlobo lwezikhova lunalo igama lalo ngoba abamele balo bavame ukuhlala ezindlini ezisophahleni noma esibayeni. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izikhova zasendlini zilawulwe kahle, zivame ukugcinwa njengezinyoni ezihlobisa.
Bahlala endaweni enkulu, ehlanganisa i-South ne-Central Europe, inyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika, kanye ne-Asia eningi (ngaphandle kweNyakatho).
Isikhova sonogwaja
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Athene, lezi zikhova azisebenzi ebusuku kuphela, kodwa nasemini, yize sekushisa emini zikhetha ukucasha elangeni ezindaweni zokukhosela. Izimpaphe zazo zibomvu ngokubomvu, zinombala ompunga ongabonakali kanye namachashazi amakhulu amhlophe.... Isifuba nengxenye engenhla yesisu kunsundu ngokumpunga futhi kunamaki aphuzi, kanti ingxenye engezansi inombala owodwa, uphuzi umhlophe. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-23. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi endaweni evulekile. Imigodi yonogwaja noma amanye amagundane avame ukukhethwa njengezindawo zokwakha izidleke.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izikhova zinendawo yokuhlala ebanzi. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eYurophu, e-Asia, enyakatho ye-Afrika, naseNew World. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazizwa benethezekile ezindaweni ezivulekile nasemahlathini ngisho nasezintabeni, izingwadule nezingwadule.
Izikhova zeBrahmin
Bahlala eSouth Asia, bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini avulekile nasezindaweni ezivulekile, kugcwele izihlahla. Imvamisa ihlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu: itholakala ngisho nasemadolobhaneni aseDelhi noma eCalcutta. Imvamisa iyizidleke emigodini yezihlahla, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ingahlala ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo noma emigodini eyakhiwe ezindongeni, ngokwesibonelo, emanxiweni amathempeli nezigodlo zasendulo. Futhi, lezi zinyoni azikuthandi ukuhlala esidlekeni somunye umuntu, esivele sishiywe ngabanikazi baso, ngakho-ke zivame ukuhlala ezidlekeni zama-starlings-myne aseNdiya.
Izikhova zasendlini
Njengoba kusatshalaliswe endaweni enkulu emboza iYurophu Ephakathi neseNingizimu, cishe yonke i-Asia kanye nenyakatho ye-Afrika, izindlu nezinye izakhiwo nazo zivame ukukhethwa njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ngokuvamile, endle, bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, kufaka phakathi izingwadule kanye nezingwadule. Yenza izidleke emigodini, iziphunzi ezingenalutho, ukuqongelela kwamatshe nezindawo zokuhlala ezifanayo zemvelo.
Izikhova zikanogwaja.
Babizwa nangokuthi onogwaja noma izigaxa zomhume, bahlala eMelika, eNyakatho naseNingizimu. Zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinezimila eziphansi. Izidleke zakhiwa ngemigodi yonogwaja namanye amagundane amakhulu, ziyaphumula futhi zilinde ukushisa ntambama.
Ukudla kwesikhova
Izikhova, njengezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, kufanele zizingele ukuze zithole ukudla..
Bakhetha ukwenza lokhu ngababili, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, benza ukuhleleka okuhle ngokumangazayo, okubavumela ukuthi babulale kalula ngisho amagundane amakhulu ampunga, okuthi ngenyoni eyodwa enqume ukubahlasela kungaba yingozi enkulu. Zodwa, izikhova zizingela umdlalo ongenabungozi: yithi, amagundane e-vole ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba emigodini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinyoni, ebezisetshenziswa isikhathi eside ekuzingeleni izigaxa zangaphansi komhlaba, kulula ukuzibona uma uthi nhlá: izimpaphe ezisekhanda nasekhanda elingaphezulu zivame ukuncishwa, ukuze kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo, esikhundleni sazo, kuhlale kuphela amathambo abukeka njengezinaliti.
Ngokuvamile, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, imenyu yezikhova yehluka kakhulu: ezinye zalezi zinyoni zikhetha ukuzingela amagundane, ezinye ziyenga amabhungane ezindlekweni zazo futhi zizidle ngokudla, kanti ezinye ngokuvamile zizingela ama-arachnids afana ne-phalanx ... Azinqabi izibankwa, amaxoxo, amasele, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izikelemu zomhlaba nezinye, ezincane kunezinyoni.
Ukungathembeli kakhulu enhlanhleni yokuzingela, izikhova zivame ukugcina ukudla kosuku olunethayo. Izikhova zonogwaja sezihambele phambili: ziletha izingcezu zomquba ezivela kwezinye izilwane emigodini yazo, ngaleyo ndlela zikhanga amabhungane omswani lapho, abathanda ukuwadla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izikhova ziqala ukucabanga ngokuzala emuva ebusika, cishe ngoFebhuwari: kungalesi sikhathi lapho ziqala khona ukufuna umlingani. Abesilisa bazama ukudonsela ukunaka kwabesifazane ngokumemeza, futhi uma bephumelela, kuqala isiko lokuqomisana, okubandakanya ukuphatha umlingani ngesisulu, kanye nokuphululana kanye nokuncinaniswa okulula ngomlomo.
Izinyoni bese zakha isidleke bese insikazi izalela amaqanda amhlophe amabili kuya kwamahlanu. Uqala ukuwaqandusela ngokushesha, lapho nje ebeka eyokuqala - njengazo zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi emva kwenyanga, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuchanyuselwa kwamachwane, ahluka kakhulu ngosayizi nokukhula. Ngalesi sizathu, kuze kube yisikhathi lapho phansi kushintshwa izimpaphe zabantu abadala, kuwo wonke amachwane, amachwane angu-1-2 asinda ezikhova, yize abazali bezinakekela ngenkuthalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, ingekho kuwo okwesikhashana kanye kuphela ngosuku, iduna liyayinakekela kanye nenzalo yesikhathi esizayo: iyayondla ngesisulu sayo, iyibeke njengesikhukhukazi lapho ingekho, futhi ivikela intombi yayo kanye nokubeka amaqanda emizameni engenzeka kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izinyoni ezisencane esezivele zihlala esidlekeni somzali cishe amasonto amathathu, zifunda ngalesi sikhathi ubunzima bokuzingela nempilo ezimele. Izikhova zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili cishe zinonyaka owodwa, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi zingaqala ukuzifunela ngazimbili futhi zizakhele isidleke senzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngezikhova ezihlala eduzane nalapho kuhlala khona abantu, amakati afuywayo angaba yingozi, kanti ezindaweni ezishisayo, izinkawu nazo zihlala eduze kwamadolobha. Izinyoni ezidla inyama nezinyoni ezidla inyama, ikakhulukazi amagwababa, angahlasela izikhova ezihleli emagatsheni ezihlahla azishaye aze afe ngemilomo yazo, nakho kungaba yingozi kuzo. Izidleke zezikhova ezihlala emigodini zisongelwa izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka, ezingakhasa kalula ngaphakathi esidlekeni.
Kodwa-ke, usongo olukhulu empilweni yalezi zinyoni akusizo izidalwa ezinomgogodla, kepha izimuncagazi - zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukutheleleka kwabo okubhekwa njengesizathu esikhulu sokuthi izikhova eziningi zibhubhe ngaphandle kokuthola ngisho nesikhathi sokubamba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, izikhova - zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lwe-Athene - ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako. Imfuyo yabo miningi impela, kanti nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo inkulu ngenhloso yokubheka izikhova njengezinyoni ezingasongelwa ngokuqothulwa esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Izikhova kuphela lapho uthi nhlá zibonakala zifana nezikhova nezikhova. Eqinisweni, mancane kakhulu kunawo. Ngenxa yombala wazo onesihlabathi onsundu, lezi zinyoni zingamakhosi okuzifihla okuyiqiniso, ukuze abantu abaningi bezwe izikhova zikhala, kodwa bambalwa abangaqhosha ngokuzibona.
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ezifundeni eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, eCentral Russia naseNdiya, zithathwa njengezimemezelo zebhadi kanye nebhadi, kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, eSiberia, izikhova, kunalokho, zibhekwa njengabaxhasi abahle babahambi abangabavumeli balahleke ihlathi ezindleleni zezilwane ezihlanganisiwe nangokukhala kwabo lizokhombisa umuntu indlela efanele. Kunoma ikuphi, le nyoni, ehlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, ifanelwe inhlonipho nokunakwa okukhulu. Futhi kwakungelona ize ukuthi ngo-1992 kwakuyisikhova esincane esabhalwa njenge-watermark embhalweni wencwadi eyi-100 guilder.
