Ngokwemvelo, inhlanzi enegama lethenda "lalius" izingela ngobuhlakani izinambuzane ezindizayo - ibhukuda ize ifike phezulu bese "idubula" umfudlana wamanzi, idle into eboshiwe.
Incazelo, ukubukeka
Inhlanzi encane kunazo zonke futhi enhle kunazo zonke yezinhlanzi ze-labyrinth, i-lalius, ikhula ize ifike kuma-intshi ama-2, inomzimba ophephuliwe ofana ne-ellipse engajwayelekile... Kungumndeni wama-macropods (i-Osphronemidae) futhi muva nje ushintshe igama lawo elijwayelekile lohlobo lwe-Colisa lalia laba yi-Trichogaster lalius. Kubhalwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Trichogaster lalius ku-IUCN Red List (2018) enelebuli "engakhathazeki kangako".
Amaphiko okhalweni lwe-lalius, atholakala phambi kwama-pectorals, asebenza njengezitho zokuthinta, aphenduka izintambo ezi-2 ezinde. Izazi ze-Ichthyologists zichaza lolu shintsho ngokuhlala emanzini anodaka: "intshebe" isiza ukuhlola ezansi futhi igweme izithiyo. Amaphiko we-caudal, anal, kanye ne-dorsal ahlotshiswe ngomngcele obomvu, amabili okugcina made kangangokuba aqala esigabeni sokuqala somzimba futhi “agelezele” kancane ku-caudal.
Okubalulekile! ILyalius kulula ukuyihlukanisa ngokobulili - abesilisa bahlala beba bakhulu (kufika ku-5.5 cm), bezwakala kakhudlwana ngombala, banamaphiko amade aneziphetho ezicijile (kwabesifazane bayindilinga) nesisu esicwebezelayo. Izimpondo zivamise ukuba bomvu kowesilisa, kuphuzi kowesifazane.
Ama-lalius ajwayelekile anemigqa. Emzimbeni kunxenxwa imivimbo ebovu nasiliva, kugqitshwa amaphiko. Abesifazane abagqamile njengabesilisa: njengomthetho, abesifazane banesizinda somzimba esivame ukuluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo ephaphathekile. Abesilisa banemibala egqamile - umzimba osiliva ulandela imigqa ebomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uboshwe yisisu esinsomi.
Ngo-1979, abasemanzini baseNtshonalanga Jalimane bakhulisa uTrichogaster lalius ngombala omusha, owawuthola igama lokuhweba elithi "red lalius". Abesilisa baleli fomu elitholwe ngokufakelwa bakhombisa amathoni abomvu ngokunsomi ngokungafani nekhanda nangemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-red lalius ngokuqinisekile ingenye yezinhlanzi ezibabazeka kakhulu, kepha abalimi abamile futhi bakhipha izinhlobo eziningana ezithokozisayo ngokulinganayo - okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza, i-cobalt, uthingo lwenkosazana kanye ne-coral lalius.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izwe lakubo likaLalius yiNdiya. Abantu abaningi kakhulu bahlala ezifundazweni ezinjenge:
- I-Assam;
- West Bengal;
- Arunachal Pradesh;
- IBihar;
- Uttarakhand;
- Manipur;
- I-Uttar Pradesh.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zihlala eBangladesh, ePakistan, eNepal naseRepublic of Indonesia. Ngokweminye imibiko, i-lalius yethulwe ngempumelelo eSingapore, eColombia nase-USA. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi yimifula enezimila eziminyene, ngokwesibonelo, emfuleni iBaram (isiqhingi saseBorneo), iBrahmaputra neGanges.
Kuyathakazelisa! UTrichogaster lalius akesabi imizimba yamanzi engcolile futhi uhlala emifuleni engajulile, efudumele kahle nemifula, amachibi namachibi, imisele yokunisela namasimu elayisi.
I-Lyalius ayikhethi ngekhwalithi yamanzi, ngoba angaphefumula kuphela ngama-gill (njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni), kodwa futhi nohlaka olukhethekile lwe-labyrinth oluthatha umoya-mpilo ebusweni.
Okuqukethwe kweLalius
Ama-aquarists aseMelika naseYurophu abiza i-lalius dwarf gourami, okungamangalisi - izinhlanzi zihlobene kakhulu... Ngaphandle kokuzithoba kwe-lalius, azivamile ukutholakala ezindaweni zasemanzini zaseRussia, ezichazwa ngobunzima bokuzalanisa kanye nentengo (ebiza kakhulu). Isikhathi sokuphila kwenhlanzi cishe siyiminyaka eyi-2-3, yize kwesinye isikhathi esinye isibalo sizwakala njengeminyaka emi-4.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Aquarium, ivolumu
ILyaliusi ayidingi iziqukathi ezinkulu, njengoba zijwayele amanzi anodaka endle: 10-15 amalitha ezinhlanzi ezimbalwa, kuze kufike kumalitha angama-40 eqenjini elikhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nomndeni omkhulu we-lalius uzothatha izimpande ku-aquarium encane, noma kunjalo, kuzoba lula ngabo ukuthi bacashe endaweni enkulu. Kuwo wonke amapharamitha wamanzi, ukuphela kwento okuyisisekelo - izinga lokushisa kwayo, okufanele lehluke ngaphakathi kwama-degree angama-24 + 28.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amanani wokushisa wamanzi we-aquarium nomoya oqondile kufanele afane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iTrichogaster lalius, edonsa umoya-mpilo osemkhathini, ingabamba umkhuhlane.
I-aquarium isethwe ekhoneni elithulile, ngenxa yokwanda kokwesaba kukaLalius, owesaba ukuphikisana nanoma yimiphi imisindo ephezulu. Ithangi alimbozwanga kahle ngengilazi ye-acrylic, njengoba izinhlanzi zivame ukubhukuda ziye phezulu. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ulwelwe ezintantayo lubekwa phezu kwamanzi ukuze i-lalius izizwe ivikelekile. Futhi, kuzodingeka uhlaza oluningi - izinhlanzi zithanda amahlathi aminyene, lapho zingangena khona uma kunengozi.
Ezinye izidingo ze-aquarium:
- i-aeration nokuhlunga;
- ukungabi namandla wamanje;
- izinguquko zamanzi ezijwayelekile (1/3 ziyashintshwa kanye ngesonto);
- ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo (njengasemvelweni);
- amahora emini amade.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi akubalulekile kangako, ngokungafani nombala wayo - i-lalius ibukeka izuzisa kakhulu ebumnyameni.
Ukuhambisana, isimilo
Ukuze kulondolozwe ngokuhlanganyela, kungcono ukuthatha owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abaningana, ngoba eyokuqala ivame ukuqala ukulwa... Ngendlela, abesilisa, ngokungabikho kwabaphikisana nobulili babo, bayathanda ukuxosha abesifazane. Uma kukhona abesilisa abaningi, banikeze i-aquarium evulekile (okungenani amalitha angama-60), etshalwe kakhulu ngo-algae futhi ifakwe izindawo zokukhosela. Kulokhu, abesilisa bazohlukanisa izindawo zethonya ukuze bavikele imingcele ekungeneleleni kwesitha.
Ngokuvamile, ama-lalii aqaphele futhi anamahloni, yingakho edinga omakhelwane abanokuthula nabaphakathi nendawo, okuzoba:
- i-zebrafish;
- i-catfish encane;
- ama-haracinides.
Okubalulekile! Ukuhlangana nezinhlobo zezilwane ezidliwayo kuyakhishwa, kanye namaqhude anamaqhuqhuva aphula amaphiko futhi abulale ne-lalius afe.
Ukudla, ukudla
Lezi zinhlanzi ze-labyrinth zithanda omnivorous - emvelweni zidla i-plankton ne-algae, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ezimweni zokufakelwa, bajwayele noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphakelayo - bukhoma, izimboni noma iqhwa. Idivayisi yesistimu yabo yokugaya ayivumeli ukugwinya izingcezu ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke okuphakelayo kufanele kugaywe kuqala. Ama-flakes ahlukahlukene angaba ngumkhiqizo oyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinhlanzi zikhetha ukondla eduze nendawo.
Sebenzisa ezinye izithako (isilwane nemifino) njengesengezo esidingekayo:
- i-artemia;
- i-corotra;
- ishubhu;
- isipinashi;
- isaladi;
- izimila zasolwandle.
Akuthandeki ukufaka imisundu yegazi ekudleni kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini - amanye ama-aquarists aqinisekile ukuthi alimaza umgudu wamathumbu.
Kuyathakazelisa! ILyalius ihlala idla okungaphezu kokudingekile futhi izuze amakhilogremu athe xaxa amagremu, yingakho kungakuhle ukuthi ulinganise izingxenye bese umemezela izinsuku zokuzila ukudla okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Kuyiqiniso, ukudla ngokweqile kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni "ezinamanzi amaningi" - lapho kunezinye izinhlobo, i-lalius eqaphelayo ayinaso isikhathi sokufika ekudleni okuthelwe emanzini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukuzala kuLalius kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-4-5. Lezi zithandani zondliwa ngokudla okuphilayo, ngemuva kwalokho zifakwa ethangini elizalela - i-aquarium enamalitha angama-40 enongqimba lwamanzi olungadluli amasentimitha ayi-15. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekusindeni kwefry kuze kube yilapho kusungulwa amathuluzi abo e-labyrinth. Umbhangqwana wakha isidleke ngamabhamuza omoya esebenzisa izitshalo eziphilayo (duckweed, riccia kanye ne-pistia)... Isidleke, esimboza ikota yobuso nangaphezulu kobude obungu-1 cm, siqinile kangangokuba sihlala singashintshi inyanga yonke ngemuva kokuzala.
Ukucwenga nomoya opholile ezindaweni zokuzalela akufakiwe, kepha izinga lokushisa lamanzi lizodinga ukukhushulwa lifike ku + 26 + 28, kanye nolwelwe obukhulu besifazane, lapho ezozifihla khona kumlingani onolaka. Kepha uthukuthela kuphela ngemuva kokuzala, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, owesilisa uyagoba, asakaze amaphiko abize insikazi esidlekeni. Lapha ubeka amaqanda, lapho umlingani wakhe efaka umquba ngokushesha: amaqanda alula kunamanzi futhi antanta phezulu. Ekupheleni kokuzala, izinhlanzi ziyahlukaniswa, kusale ubaba nesidleke namaqanda. Nguye ozodinga ukunakekela inzalo, akhohlwe isikhashana ngokudla kwakhe. Amafry avela ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12 futhi ahlala esidlekeni izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5-6, seziqinile, gazinga liqala ukuphunyuka embhedeni, futhi ubaba kufanele abambe ababaleki ngomlomo wakhe bese ebaphalisela esidlekeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho kuchanyuselwa inhlama entsha ngokwengeziwe, kulapho imizamo yowesilisa yokuyibuyisa ishuba kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ubaba uba nolaka olukhulu angabe esaphimisela amathe, kepha esegwinya izingane zakhe. Ngalesi sizathu, owesilisa uyasuswa kufry phakathi kwezinsuku 5 no 7th ngemuva kokuzala.
Ngisho nefry yokubhukuda ngokumangazayo isencane futhi idinga ukudla okuncane, njengama-ciliates. I-Lalius Fry ivame ukubulawa yindlala, ngakho-ke zondliwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku esifundeni esiswini "esigcwele". Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kufakwe owesilisa, amafry aqala ukondliwa nge-Artemia nauplii kanye nama-microworms.
Ama-ciliates ayakhishwa ekudleni ngokushesha nje lapho amafry eshintshela ku-nauplii: umbala osawolintshi wesisu uzotshela ngalokhu. Ngemuva kwefry udinga iso neso, njengoba abantu abakhulu beqala ukudla amancane. Ukuvimbela ubuzimuzimu, izingane zihlungwa ngosayizi futhi zihlaliswe ezitsheni eziningana.
Izifo zokuzala
Izifo ezihlukile kohlobo lweTrichogaster lalius azikho, kepha kunezifo ezitholakala kuzo zonke izinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Ezinye izifo azidluliswanga futhi kubhekwe ukuthi azidluliseki (i-arguliasis, i-acidosis, i-cyst yama-gonads nesifo se-alkaline), enye ingxenye ihlukaniswa njengethathelanayo.
Iqembu lesibili lifaka:
- hexamitosis futhi trichodinosis;
- ichthyosporidiosis kanye ichthyophthiriosis;
- i-glugeosis ne-branchiomycosis;
- i-dactylogyrosis ne-dermatomycosis;
- i-lepidorthosis ne-gyrodactylosis;
- ukubola kwamaphiko.
Njengoba i-lalius eyisidalwa esimnene, uvame ukugula... Ukondleka okufanele, okugcizelelwa ekudleni okuphilayo nokunakekelwa okufanele, kunomthelela ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba. Ngemuva kokuthengwa, inhlanzi ifakwa esitsheni esihlukile sokuhlukaniswa (ngamasonto ambalwa). Uma ukuhlukaniswa kudluliswa ngokuphepha futhi kungatholakali izifo, iLalius itshalwa endaweni evame ukoma.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
# ukubuyekeza 1
Ngiphuphe i-lalius unyaka wonke, ngoba bebengekho nje edolobheni lethu. Ngolunye usuku oluhle ngafika esitolo sezilwane futhi ngabona ama-lalius anemibala eminingi kuma-ruble angama-300 lilinye. Ngithenge izinhlanzi ezimbalwa, abesilisa: bekungekho abesifazane abathengiswayo.
Ngibadedele ngokushesha bangena e-aquarium, futhi bacasha ezihlahleni zaseVallisneria bahlala lapho ihora lonke baze bakhangwa yimidlwane yami enelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Abesilisa kutholakale ukuthi bebezolile - abahlelelanga ukubambana ngezihluthu nomakhelwane noma phakathi kwabo. Banama-fins-ray angaphambili ahlekisayo, lapho i-lalii ihlole khona ngezansi, izitshalo, amatshe kanye ... Kubukeka kukuhle ngempela!
E-aquarium kwakukhona i-aerator nesihlungi, sondliwe ngokudla kwezimboni "iSera" futhi ngezikhathi ezithile sanikeza ama-bloodworms e-ayisikhilimu. Zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele e-aquarium. Bonke ababengivakashela babenesithakazelo egameni lalezi zinhlanzi ezinhle.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Abasiki bezinkemba (lat. Hirhorhorus)
- I-Astronotus (lat. Astronotus)
- I-turquoise acara (Andinoasara rivulatus)
# ukubuyekeza 2
I-Lyaliusi ziyizinhlanzi ze-labyrinth, futhi lokhu kuyinzuzo yazo enkulu. Lezi zinhlanzi zingaphefumula umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi uthenge icompressor. Ukugqoka kwabesilisa, okunemivimbo eshintshana ngokubomvu nangoluluhlaza, kuhle kakhulu futhi kuheha iso. Ukugcina, thatha izinhlanzi eziningana (5-6) ngesilinganiso seduna eli-1 kwabesifazane aba-2-3.
Ukuba khona kwesihlungi kuyadingeka, futhi njalo emavikini amabili e-aquarium udinga ukuguqula ikota lamanzi. Kokudla okunomsoco, i-lalii ayinazwelo, kepha isakuthanda kakhulu ukudla okuphilayo. Bangabangani nezinye izinhlanzi. Ngokubona kwami, i-lalius ilungele abaqalayo - izinhlanzi zingabizi futhi kulula ukuzinakekela.
