Izikhova (Strix) - izinyoni zomndeni wezikhova eziningi, ukuhleleka kwezikhova nohlobo lwezikhova. Ngokusho kososayensi, igama elithi isikhova linokuhumusha okungokoqobo okuhluke kakhulu - "hhayi ukudla."
Incazelo yesikhova
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wesikhova esidala esishubile singahluka phakathi kuka-30-70 cm... Ngasikhathi sinye, le nyoni ayinazo nhlobo izimpaphe "izindlebe". Isikhova esi-tawny sibonakala ngediski yobuso echazwe kahle, ukuvuleka kwezindlebe okukhulu nokungalingani, kucishe kumbozwe isibambo sesikhumba ngokuphelele. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luphakeme, ngokucindezela okulandelayo. Izimpaphe ezixekethile imvamisa zinombala ompunga noma obomvu ngokubakhona kweziqu ezinsundu. Iris yenyoni inesici esinsundu.
Ukubukeka
Isikhova esivamile sinobukhulu ebangeni elingama-36-38 cm enesisindo esingu-400-640 g. Inyoni inamehlo amnyama, ikhanda eliyindilinga, izimpiko ezibanzi futhi eziyindilinga kanye nezimpaphe ezimpunga ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezindlebe zezindlebe. Ngokwesikhova esiphaphathekile, usayizi womzimba usebangeni elingama-30-33 cm, umbala omnyama wezimpaphe nombala wamehlo ophuzi. I-Owl yaseGuatemalan inkulu kakhulu ngohlobo lwesikhova esinobude bomzimba obungu-40.5-45.0 cm.Inyoni yalezi zinhlobo inediski yobuso ophuzi ngokugqamile ngamehlo nasebusweni obuncane, obumnyama. Umlomo uphuzi futhi amehlo anombala onsundu. I-Owl yaseBrazil yisikhova esiphakathi nendawo, esinesisindo somzimba esingu-285-340 amagremu, esibonakala ngombala onsundu ngokubomvu namehlo amnyama.
Umzimba ophezulu we-Tawny Owl ubonakala ngezimpaphe ezinsundu ezimnyama, kanti umzimba ongezansi uphuzi ngokukhanyayo ngemivimbo ensundu ebonakalayo. Onke amalungu alezi zinhlobo anediski lobuso elibomvu elinomngcele omhlophe namehlo ansundu amnyama. IGreat Gray Owl iyisidlakela esinezimpaphe esikhulu esinezimpiko ezingamamitha ayisihlanu, esihlukaniswa ngombala ompunga-mpunga ngaphandle kwamathoni abomvu, kanye namehlo aphuzi anemivimbo emnyama egxilile. Ngaphansi komlomo wenyoni enjalo kunendawo emnyama efana nentshebe, futhi ngaphambili entanyeni kukhona "ukhololo" omhlophe.
IGreat Owl inombala ompunga nomnyama onamabala amhlophe, ihlukaniswa ngediski yobuso enombala omnyama noqhwaku oluphuzi. IMango Owl enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo inombala ohluke kakhulu onamabala amnyama, ansundu, amhlophe futhi aphuzi ngokubomvu. Umzingeli onezimpaphe unesilevu esimhlophe, amehlo ansundu, nezinkophe zamawolintshi. Isikhova esinezinyawo ezibomvu sibonakala ngezimpaphe ezi-orenji eziphaphathekile ezinemigqa eminingi yombala omnyama noma onsundu. Idiski lobuso ezinyonini zalolu hlobo lubomvu ngokubomvu, ngamehlo amnyama. Le nyoni yathola igama elingajwayelekile ngombala ophuzi onsundu noma osawolintshi wemilenze.
Ngokukhulu ngokwedlulele kwabamele uhlobo lohlobo, iPagoda Owl inombala onsundu onsundu onamabala amhlophe ngemuva, isifuba esikhanyayo esiphuzi esinemivimbo emnyama ne-disc ebusweni ebomvu ngokubomvu. Umsila omude, noma i-Ural owl, namuhla ungomunye wabamele abakhulu bohlobo. Umbala wesifunda esingemuva siyi-ocher emhlophe enephethini ensundu ende futhi enezimpawu ezinqenqemeni ezibuthakathaka ezisezimpapheni ezinkulu. Izimpaphe zokundiza nezomsila zibonakala ngombala onsundu o-browny onephethini emnyama eguqukayo. Isisu sale nyoni simhlophe qwa noma simhlophe qwa, sinamabala amade ansundu wobude.
I-Barred Owl inobude bomzimba obungu-35 cm obunamaphiko angama-85 cm... Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa ngamehlo amnyama, i-jabot emhlophe enkulu, evelele esifubeni nemivimbo ensundu esiswini. I-African Cyckaba ayinazo izindlebe zezimpaphe futhi ibonakala ngezimpaphe ezinsundu ezinamachashazi amhlophe emzimbeni ongenhla. Inyoni enesilinganiso esimaphakathi inamashiya amhlophe, amehlo ansundu, izinzwane eziphuzi ezingenazimpiko.
I-zebra tsikkaba isilwane esincanyana esinombala onsundu onemivimbo emnyama, kanti umzimba ongezansi wetsikkaba omnyama nomhlophe unomzimba ophansi okhanyayo onemigqa emnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-ciccaba enemigqa ebomvu iyinyoni efudukayo yasebusuku ephakathi nendawo enobude bomzimba obusukela kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-30. Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane nezinhlobo ezincane bakhetha ukuhlala nokuzingela ezifundeni zezintaba kanye nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezishisayo, ngenxa yokuthi ihlala, ngokuvamile, umhlaseli onezimpaphe ongafundwanga kahle.
Ubude obuphelele be-Holotype ye-Desert Owl abudluli ku-32 cm ngobude bomsila obungu-14 cm kanye namaphiko angama-25 cm. Umzimba ongaphezulu ubukhulu bunombala onsundu ngokugqamile, kanti intamo nekhanda kuyisihlabathi, i-ocher noma umbala we-fawn, onamachashazi ansundu amnyama futhi ezinemishwe. Amadiski obuso awanombala omhlophe noma ompunga onesihlabathi, onomngcele onsundu okhanyayo osemehlweni.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izikhova zingaba yizinyoni ezidla inyama futhi ezihamba ebusuku. Isibonelo, i-African Cyckaba iyinhlobo yendawo esebenza kuphela kusihlwa nasebusuku, kuthi emini inyoni enjalo ihlale yodwa noma ihlangane ngababili.
Zingaki izikhova ezihlala
Isikhathi sokuphila kwanoma yisiphi isikhova sincike ngqo kubukhulu baso. Izinyoni ezincane ezidla inyama zinomjikelezo wokuphila omfushane ngenxa yemetabolism yazo eshesha kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izikhova zihlala iminyaka engaba mihlanu, kepha-ke, phakathi kwabamele lezi zinhlobo kukhona okuthiwa amaqhawe empilo ende.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Imvamisa akukho mehluko ekubukekeni phakathi kwabesifazane abadala nabesilisa. Kwezinye izinhlobo, kukhona umehluko omncane kumbala wezimpaphe, kanye nosayizi nesisindo somzimba. Isibonelo, abesifazane bama-ciccabs anamabala basinda ngokuphawulekayo kunabesilisa balezi zinhlobo.
Izinhlobo ze-Owl
Uhlobo lwesikhova lumelwe yizinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili nambili:
- I-Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), kufaka phakathi ama-subspecies ayishumi;
- IGreat Owl (Strix butle-butle);
- I-Owl Chaco (iStrix chacoensis);
- Okumpunga Owl (Strix fulvescens);
- I-Owl yaseBrazil (iStrix hylophila);
- Isikhova (Strix leptogrammica);
- IGrey Owl enkulu (iStrix nebulosa);
- I-Barred Owl (Strix occidentalis), kufaka phakathi ama-subspecies amathathu;
- Imango Owl (Strix ocellata);
- Unyawo olubomvu noma isikhova esinemilenze ebomvu (Strix rufipes);
- IGreat Owl (Strix seloputo), kufaka phakathi ama-subspecies amathathu;
- Umsila omude noma we-Ural (Strix uralensis);
- Kuvinjelwe Owl (Strix varia);
- I-African Cyckaba (Strix woodfordii);
- Zebra Cyckaba (Strix huhula);
- Okumnyama nokumhlophe i-cyckaba (Strix nigrolineata);
- I-Spotted Cyckaba (Strix virgata);
- I-cyccaba enemigqa ebomvu (Strix albitarsis), kufaka phakathi ama-subspecies amathathu.
Futhi uStrix davidi noma uDavid Owl, uStrix nivicolum noStrix sartorii bangabohlobo lo-Owl.
Kuyathakazelisa! IDesert Owl (iStrix hadorami) wuhlobo olusha lwezikhova ezingaphansi kohlobo lwe-Tawny Owls futhi ezahlukaniswa eminyakeni emithathu kuphela edlule kuhlobo lwe-Strix butleri.
Indawo yokuhlala
IGrey Owl isatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ububanzi bendabuko bePale Owl yiSyria, Israel kanye neGibhithe, kanye nengxenye esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia. I-Owl Chaco ihlala ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu eNingizimu Melika ezibizwa ngeGran Chaco, kanye neParaguay, eningizimu yeBolivia nasenyakatho ye-Argentina, lapho le nyoni ithanda khona amahlathi omile, izingwadule ezisenkangala kanye nezindawo ezomile. I-ciccaba enemigqa ebomvu yizinhlobo ezihlala esiqeshaneni esincanyana esihamba ezansi kwamagquma asengxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Andes futhi sidabula eColombia, eVenezuela, e-Ecuador, eBolivia nasePeru.
I-Owl yaseGuatemala ihlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezintaba ze-pine-oak, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-Owl yaseBrazil ziyizakhamuzi ezivamile eningizimu yeBrazil, eParaguay nasenyakatho ne-Argentina. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kweMalay Owl isukela eSri Lanka naseNdiya, iye engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Indonesia nezindawo eziseningizimu neChina. IGreat Grey Owl ingumhlali wendawo yetaiga namahlathi asezintabeni. Lezi zinhlobo zisabalala zisuka enhlonhlweni iKola ziye ezikhungweni zezintaba zasePrimorye, zitholakala eduze naseBaltic naseMpumalanga Prussia, endaweni emaphakathi yengxenye yezwe laseYurophu, kanye naseSiberia.
Isikhova esi-tawny sisabalele entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, kanti izikhova ezimnyama zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zaseBangladesh naseNdiya, nasentshonalanga yeBurma. Indawo yemvelo ye-Red-footed, noma i-Red-footed Owl imelwe ngamahlathi asezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi eningizimu nasenkabeni yeChile, iTierra del Fuego, entshonalanga ye-Argentina kanye naseFalkland Islands. IGreat Owl itholakala e-Indochina Peninsula naseSumatra Island, futhi ibandakanya neBurma, Malaysia, Thailand ne-Indonesia.
Isikhova esinomsila omude noma i-Ural sitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aphezulu ezixubene ngobuningi bama-conifers aminyene amanzi... I-Barred Owl iyinhlobo ejwayelekile yezikhova zaseNyakatho Melika. I-African Cyckaba yasakazekela kulo lonke elase-Afrika, kanti iZebra Cyckaba ihlala ezweni laseNingizimu Melika.
Indawo yokuhlala yomnyama nomhlophe i-cyccaba imelwe yiMexico, iColombia, iVenezuela ne-Ecuador. Ama-ciccabs anamabala atholakala kaningi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemvelo: kusuka eMexico, eVenezuela naseColombia kuya enyakatho ye-Argentina naseBrazil.
Ukudla kwesikhova
I-Grey Owl idla izilwane ezincane, kanye nezinyoni eziphakathi nendawo. I-Owl Chaco inesilwane esidla ebusuku kakhulu esidla izinyoni ezincane nezilwane ezincelisayo, kanye nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, futhi ngaphezu kwezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ukudla kweGuatemalan Brown Owl kufaka nezinambuzane nama-arthropod ahlukahlukene.
Kuyathakazelisa! U-Owl uyinyoni edla inyama yasebusuku kuphela, udla izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni, kanye nezinhlanzi nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
IGreat Grey Owl izingela kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini, ikhetha amagundane amancane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube izingwejeje abaphakathi nendawo. Ukudla okujwayelekile kwesikhova se-pagoda kuvezwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane, izinyoni ezincane nezinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwesikhova esidala esinomsila omude kuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane afana namagundane, kufaka phakathi ama-voles. Kwesinye isikhathi umhlaseli onezimpaphe udlalela ama-shrews namaxoxo, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kanye namazinyane abantu abadlulayo. Uma kunesidingo, inyoni enkulu iyakwazi ukubhekana ne-squirrel, i-hazel grouse ne-black grouse. I-Barred Owl isebenzisa amagundane, ama-voles namanye amagundane amancane ekudleni kwayo, ayizinaki izinyoni nezinye izinambuzane, kanye nezinhlanzi namaxoxo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi nobuningi bokukhiqiza kabusha, ubukhulu be-clutch nobude be-incubation buyahlukahluka kubamele uhlobo lohlobo lwezici ezithile. Isibonelo, isikhova esikhulu esimpunga asinaso isakhiwo sokwakha isidleke, ngakho-ke izidleke ezifanele kakhulu zezinye izinyoni, ikakhulukazi ama-buzzard no-hawk, zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo yizinyoni ezidla inyama.
Clutch ngokuvamile 2-4 amaqanda amhlophe. Isikhova sihlala phezu kokubeka iqanda ngokuqinile, sinamaphiko aphezulu nomsila, ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, kubukeka njengesikhukhukazi esifukamela. Owesilisa weGreat Grey Owl angabamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokufuqa. Lapho isondela esidlekeni, le nyoni icofa uqhwaku lwayo ngokusongela. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokufukamela inyanga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhula nokukhula kwamachwane kuhamba kancane: amaphuphu aqala ukushaya kuphela ngesonto lesithupha, kanti izinyoni zithola izimpaphe ezigcwele maphakathi no-Agasti. Izinkumbi zihlala ndawonye nabazali bazo lonke ikwindla.
Izitha zemvelo
Imvelo iyakwazi ukugcina inani elikhulu lezingozi zesikhova sanoma ikuphi ubudala nezinhlobo, kufaka phakathi ingozi yokuhlangana nezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo, izifo ezibulalayo kanye nokuntuleka kokudla. Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi ukufa kwezikhova eziningi ezincane ezimweni zemvelo kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nendlala, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko, ezimelwe izinkozi, oklebe kanye nezinkozi zegolide.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Lezi zinhlobo, ngaphansi kosongo oluncane lokuqothulwa, namuhla zimelwe iGrey, noma isikhova esivamile nesiphaphathekile, kanye nesikhova iChaco kanye nabanye abamele kakhulu ohlobo lwesikhova.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Owl yaseBrazil ikhetha amahlathi aminyene, ngenxa yalokho lolu hlobo lwezinto okwamanje alufundiswanga kahle, futhi inani labantu liphelele.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isikhova esinamabala sanikezwa isikhundla "sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala", ngakho-ke izinhlamvana zalesi silwane esinezimpaphe manje seziseduze nendawo esengozini.
