Umkhomo obulalayo uyisilwane esincelisayo esidlayo somndeni wehlengethwa futhi uhlala kulo lonke ulwandle lomhlaba. Kubantu, lesi silwane, njengomthetho, asisiyo usongo, futhi endaweni yaso yemvelo sinobungane kubo. Ngasikhathi sinye, azikho izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezifana nezimpawu zamanzi noma amabhubesi olwandle, ingasaphathwa eyama-cephalopods nezinhlanzi, ongazizwa ephephile eduze komhlambi wemikhomo ebulalayo.
Incazelo yomkhomo obulalayo
Esinye sezici ezivelele zomkhomo obulalayo umbala wawo ogqamile omnyama nomhlophe, okuthi, kanye nomphetho wayo ophakeme we-crescent dorsal, wenze le cetacean ibonakale kude futhi ibonakale kahle. Njengamanje, munye kuphela uhlobo lwe-killer whale olwaziwayo, yize izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zazikhona ngaphambi kwePliocene. Okungenani, yisikhathi sePliocene lapho izinsalela zezinsalela zemikhomo engasekho ezitholakala eduze kwedolobha lase-Italy iTuscany zisukela emuva.
Ukubukeka
Umkhomo obulalayo uyisilwane esikhulu impela ngokubukeka kwangempela.... Umzimba we-whale killer unomumo omude, ukuze ekuchazeni kwawo kwangaphandle kufane kakhulu nehlengethwa. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, kanti isisindo sayo singaphezu kwamathani ayi-8. I-dorsal fin iphezulu, kwamanye amaduna ikakhulukazi amakhulu angafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.6 noma ngaphezulu. Izimpiko zesifuba se-killer whale zibanzi, zinokuma okusaqanda.
Umsila unqamule phakathi, mfushane, kodwa uqine kakhulu: ngosizo lwawo, lesi silwane esincelisayo sasolwandle singafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-55 km / h. Inhloko yomkhomo obulalayo imfishane futhi ibukeka isicabalele kancane, futhi emlonyeni, ifakwe imihlathi eqinile, kunemigqa emibili yamazinyo amakhulu lapho umkhoma obulalayo edwengula khona isisulu saso. Ubude bezinyo ngalinye lalesi sidalwa sasolwandle ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-13 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuma kwamabala ku-killer whale ngayinye kufana nesici esisodwa seminwe kubantu. Abekho abantu ababili balezi zinhlobo, abanamabala angalingana ncamashi ngosayizi nomumo wazo.
Umbala womkhomo obulalayo unamacwecwe amnyama, ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo ezingaphezulu kwamehlo, kanye nezinye izimpawu ezimhlophe. Ngakho-ke, umphimbo wakhe umhlophe ngokuphelele, futhi kunophawu olumhlophe olude esiswini sakhe. Ngemuva, ngemuva kwephetho, kunendawo enesihlalo esimpunga. Emikhomo yokubulala i-Arctic ne-Antarctic, amabala amhlophe angaba luhlaza ngenxa yama-diatom amancane awambozayo. Futhi enyakatho yoLwandlekazi iPacific, ungabona imikhomo yokubulala imikhomo emnyama ngokuphelele futhi emhlophe ngokuphelele.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Imikhomo ebulalayo izama ukugcina imihlambi, futhi inani labo eqenjini, njengomthetho, alidluli abantu abayi-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlambi emikhulu ingafaka amaduna amadala amathathu noma amane, kanti wonke umhlambi ungowesifazane onamazinyane. Imikhomo yababulali besilisa ivame ukusuka komunye umhlambi iye komunye, kepha abesifazane, njengomthetho, bahlala emhlanjini ofanayo zonke izimpilo zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amalungu eqoqo lemikhomo ebulalayo imvamisa ayizihlobo futhi axhumene ngokuqinile. Umhlambi omkhulu uhlukaniswe waba ngamaqembu amancane amancane, ngalinye linezimpawu ezithile zemisindo ezenzelwe leli qembu lezilwane kuphela, nalezo ezingakhishwa yizo zonke imikhomo ezibulalayo ngaphandle kobuhlobo obuthile.
Umhlambi ungahlukana ube izingxenye eziningana phakathi nesikhathi sokufuna inyamazane noma ezinye izenzo lapho kunesidingo sokuhlukanisa iqembu elikhulu lezilwane libe lincane. Kepha kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho: lapho imikhomo ebulalayo evela emihlambini ehlukene ihlangana ibe yiqembu elilodwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho abesifazane bedinga ukuzitholela umlingani.
Iqiniso ngukuthi nabesilisa abavela emhlambini wabo, abesifazane, njengomthetho, abahlangani ngenxa yokuthi bayizihlobo zabo. Futhi ukuzalana okuhlobene eduze, noma, ukubeka ngenye indlela, ukuzalanisa, kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngoba kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuguquka kwezakhi ezithile kwenzalo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi imikhomo yababulali besifazane kufanele izifunele umlingani ohlangothini, kweminye imihlambi engahlobene kakhulu nayo.
Amalungu ephakethe elifanayo ngokuvamile anobungani kakhulu kozakwabo abaseqenjini elifanayo njengabo. Phakathi kwalezi zilwane, kanye naphakathi kwamahlengethwa, ukwesekwa nokulekelelana kuyachuma lapho imikhomo ebulala abantu abadala esezingeni eliphakeme futhi enamandla isinakekela izihlobo ezindala, ezigulayo noma ezilimele, iyazinakekela futhi iyazivikela.
Imikhomo ebulalayo ibhukuda kakhulu, imvamisa iyabhukuda iye emachwebeni, lapho ihlala eduze nogu.
Njengamahlengethwa, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ziyathanda ukudlala futhi zihamba kakhulu futhi zishesha. Phakathi kwababethi bemikhomo, imikhomo ebulalayo ibhekwa njengezidlakela futhi ezinxanele igazi ezinamahemuhemu amaningi amabi, kepha, empeleni, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, imikhomo ebulalayo ayisiyona ingozi kubantu. Kuwo wonke umlando, zimbalwa kuphela izigameko zemikhomo ebulalayo ehlasela abantu ezaziwayo, bese kuthi, ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu kwenzeke vele ekuthunjweni, hhayi endaweni yabo yemvelo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho sebethunjiwe, imikhomo ebulalayo, enobungane kubantu ezimweni zemvelo, ingaba nolaka kakhulu. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuziphatha kubangelwa yingcindezi ngenxa yokuba sendaweni evalekile, kanye nesithukuthezi nokulangazelela izindawo zabo ezijwayelekile.
Imikhomo yokubulala eboshiwe ivame ukubekezelela izimvu zamanzi, amabhubesi olwandle, nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle eziseduze, kepha zingaba nobutha kubantu futhi zizame nokuzihlasela.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umkhoma obulalayo
Imikhomo ebulalayo iphila isikhathi eside ngezilwane ezincelisayo, yize ingaphansi kakhulu kwemikhomo... Isikhathi sokuphila semikhomo ebulalayo yiminyaka engama-50-60, kepha ezimweni ezinhle zingaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ekuthunjweni, la ma-cetaceans ahlala kancane: ama-2-3 aphansi kunasendle.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane awudalulwa kakhulu, kepha, nokho, bakhona. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa bemikhomo ebulalayo bakhulu ngokusobala futhi banesisindo kunabesifazane, kanti umphetho wazo wasemuva ucishe umile futhi uphakeme - ufika kumamitha ayi-1.5, kanti kwabesifazane cishe uphakeme futhi ugobile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesilisa nabesifazane bemikhomo ebulalayo abahlukani ngombala. Umehluko phakathi kwabo uthinta kuphela ubude bomzimba wabo, isisindo, kanye nosayizi nokuma komphetho osemhlane.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokwabiwa komkhomo obulalayo ibanzi ngokweqiniso: la ma-cetacean ahlala kuyo yonke indawo enamanzi oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba, ngaphandle koLwandle Olumnyama, i-Azov nezilwandle ezimbili ezisenyakatho: i-East Siberian kanye neLaptev Sea, lapho imikhomo engabulali ingahlali khona nalapho ingakwazi nokubhukuda ngengozi. Imikhomo ebulalayo izama ukuhlala ebangeni elingeqi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-800 ukusuka ogwini futhi ivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezishubisa isimo sezulu kunasezindaweni ezishisayo noma ngisho nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Emanzini omhlaba waseRussia, lezi zilwane zasolwandle zivame ukubonakala eduze naseKuril naseCommander Islands.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imikhomo ebulalayo ingagxumela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300, kepha-ke, ikhetha ukungahlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside: ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-4 iphumela phezulu.
Ukudla komkhomo okubulalayo
Isisekelo sokudla kwemikhomo ebulalayo yizinhlanzi, ama-cephalopods nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, kufaka phakathi imikhomo, edlula kakhulu imikhomo ngosayizi nesisindo..
Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye abantu bakhetha ukuzingela, ngokwesibonelo, inhlanzi, kuyilapho eminye imikhomo ebulalayo ehlala cishe esifundeni esifanayo ikhetha, ngokwesibonelo, izimvu zamanzi njengomdlalo. Ukudla kwalawa ma-cetaceans kuncike ekutheni yimaphi ama-subspecies angaphansi kwawo: ukuhamba noma ukuhlala phansi. Abantu abahlala phansi badla izinhlanzi nezimbaza ezifana ne-squid noma i-octopus.
Kwesinye isikhathi, noma kunjalo, bangakwazi nokuzingela izimvu zamanzi ezinoboya bezingane, okulula kubo futhi asebevele bevela kulesi sidlo esifiselekayo. Kepha imikhomo yokubulala yokuhamba iyizidlakudla zangempela. Bahlasela ngomhlambi wonke hhayi imikhomo enokuthula noma amahlengethwa kuphela, kepha ngisho noshaka abomele igazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma kwenzeka kushayisana, oshaka abanalo ithuba lokumelana nabo: umkhoma omdala obulalayo, noma eyedwa, hhayi emhlambini, angamlimaza kakhulu futhi kaningi abulale ngamazinyo akhe anamandla futhi aqinile.
Ukuzingelwa kwemikhomo yokubulala, imvamisa ngamaqembu. Ngakho-ke, lapho bezingela izinhlanzi, bajika emgqeni owodwa futhi, bahlale begcina ukuxhumana komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa i-echolocation, sebethole inyamazane, baqhube isikole sezinhlanzi phezulu, bakhiqize ngasikhathi sinye uhlobo oluthile lwebhola eliminyene, eliqukethe izinhlanzi, noma balicindezele ogwini ... Ngemuva kwalokho, imikhomo ebulalayo ihlaba inhlanzi ngemishayo enamandla yomsila.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imikhomo ebulalayo ehlala eduze nogu lwasePatagonia futhi izingela amabhubesi asolwandle ize igxume ifike ogwini ukuze ibambe inyamazane yayo. Ngakho-ke, nasogwini, imihlambi yamaphini ayikwazi ukuphepha. Futhi, zizingela izimvu zamanzi noma ama-penguin eqhweni, lawa ma-cetacean acwila ngaphansi kweqhwa abese eshaya umzimba wonke, awuphendule, noma ngosizo lokushaywa yimisila yawo, imikhomo ebulalayo idala igagasi eliphakeme lokuqondisa, ngalo ligeza inyamazane yalo olwandle.
Lapho kuzingelwa izimvu zamanzi, imikhomo ebulalayo ibeka ukuqamekela kwangempela, isebenzise ngobuciko isimo sendawo esingezansi ngale njongo. Lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle ziqhuba amahlengethwa ngasikhathi sinye, noma ngokuzizungeza ngamaqembu ambalwa akha iphakethe. Imikhomo emikhulu ivame ukuhlaselwa abesilisa kuphela, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane abakwazi ukubhekana nesiqhwaga esinamandla futhi mhlawumbe esiyingozi kubo. Imikhomo yababulali besilisa, njengoba isibhaklile kulo mkhoma, ibamba inyamazane emphinjeni nasemaphikweni ukuze ingakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu. Ekuzingeleni imikhomo yesilisa yabesifazane, abesifazane nabo bayabamba iqhaza.
Kulokhu, umsebenzi wabo uphikisana nalokhu: ukungavumeli isisulu siye ezinzulwini. Kepha imikhomo yesilisa yesilisa iyagwenywa imikhomo ebulalayo, ngoba inamandla kakhulu kubo futhi ingadala ingozi enkulu. Njengomthetho, lapho kuzingelwa ama-cetaceans amakhulu, imikhomo ebulalayo izama ukulwa nesilwane esigulayo noma esibuthakathaka emhlambini. Imvamisa, futhi, imikhomo ebulalayo ingahlasela ithole elikhulile. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuvela ukuthi kunzima ukwenza lokhu, njengoba imikhomo ivikela inzalo yayo ngamandla, kwesinye isikhathi imane ivimbele umhlambi wemikhomo ebulalayo ukuthi ingasondeli kumawundlu awo, ingasaphathwa eyokuzama ukubadikibalisa konina.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izici zokuzala zemikhomo ebulalayo aziqondakali kahle. Ososayensi bangacabanga nje ukuthi isikhathi sokukhwelana kwalezi zilwane zasolwandle siwela ehlobo nasekwindla.
Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nesikhathi sokukhulelwa emikhomazi yababulali besifazane. Ama-Zoologists acabanga kuphela ukuthi abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bathwala amawundlu abo ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-16-17. Kepha kuyaziwa impela ukuthi kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa kuphela ngesikhathi esifanele.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukuthomba emikhomeni yababulali abancane kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-12-14, kusukela kulesi sikhathi lezi zinhlwathi sezivele zikwazi ukuzala. Abesilisa asebekhulile bahlala emhlambini kanina, futhi abesifazane abancane bashiya iqembu elihlobene lemikhomo yokubulala ukuze bajoyine omunye wemihlambi ekhona noma bathole omusha.
Ubude bomzimba womkhomo wokubulala osanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa usuvele ungamamitha ayi-2.5-2.7. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, insikazi yalezi cetaceans, ngokwesilinganiso, izala amawundlu ayo ayisithupha. Iyeka ukuzala cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amane, kepha nangemva kwalokho iphila isikhathi eside: kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namashumi ambalwa eminyaka.
Izitha zemvelo
Ezimweni zemvelo, imikhomo ebulalayo ayinazo izitha zemvelo, ngoba ngisho noshaka bayesaba ukuxhumana naye... Noma ngabe kuhlaselwa oshaka abakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile kwimikhomo ebulalayo emincane noma ebuthakathaka, ngisho nalokho izinhlanzi ezizingelayo zinethuba elincane kakhulu lokuwina. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi abekho abahlaseli olwandle abakhulu kunoshaka omhlophe ofanayo noma i-killer whale uqobo, khona-ke la ma-cetacean akudingeki esabe ezinye izilwane ezidlayo.
Ngokuya ngalokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi umuntu kuphela ongaba yingozi kwimikhomo ebulalayo, nokuthi, hhayi yena uqobo, kepha imisebenzi yakhe ehlose ukumba izimayini e-World Ocean, kanye nokudoba kanye ne-cephalopod molluscs, okwenziwe kwezinye zezindawo amazwe. Kulokhu kokugcina, izilwane zasolwandle ezimnyama nezimhlophe zihlukumezeka ekulimaleni kokudla kwazo okuyinhloko.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Akukho lwazi oluqondile ngenani lemikhomo ebulalayo. Lezi zinhlobo, okwamanje, zinikezwe isimo "sedatha enganele", ngoba kusenzima ukufunda indlela yokuphila kwalezi zilwane, kanye nezici zesimilo nokuziphatha kwazo. Imikhomo ebulalayo eqaphile, naphezu kwabo bonke ubungani kubantu, ngeke ivumele abacwaningi ukuthi bazisondeze kubo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi basabela ngokuthula ekufakweni kwesibani somsakazo emzimbeni wabo.
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokucwaningwa okusobala ngokwanele kwendlela yokuphila yalama cetaceans nokungabikho kolwazi olubalulekile ngawo, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo esikhathini esizayo akusongelwa, ngoba lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezijwayelekile, indawo yazo ehlanganisa insimu cishe yomhlaba wonke. olwandle.
Inani lokuhweba
Ngokusemthethweni, ukuzingelwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo emhlabeni wonke ophucukile kwavinjelwa emuva ngo-1982 ngemuva kokwethulwa kokumiswa okukhethekile okuhlose ukuvikela lezi zilwane ekwehleni kwabantu futhi, mhlawumbe nasekuqothulweni okwalandela. Yize kunjalo, naphezu kwalokhu kumiswa, abanye abantu bomdabu, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala eNyakatho, lapho kungenamdlalo omningi kangaka, bayaqhubeka nokuzingela la ma-cetaceans. Ukudoba amateur okunjalo akunakuvinjelwa ezingeni lomthetho. Kepha nasemazweni athuthukile, imikhomo ebulalayo iyabanjelwa izinhloso zesayensi kanye nokuyigcina ezindaweni zolwandle ukuze kujatshuliswe umphakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengamanje, udaba lokugcinwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo luthathwa njengoluphikisanayo, ngoba yize endaweni yazo engokwemvelo lezi zilwane zinobungane kubantu futhi zikhombisa ilukuluku kunokuzicasukela, ekuthunjweni imikhomo eminingi ebulalayo iya lapho angabi nobungani. Zivame ukuhlukumeza ezinye izilwane endaweni yazo, kepha zingahlasela umqeqeshi wazo. Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi akuyona indima encane ekunciphiseni inani lemikhomo ebulalayo iqiniso lokuthi lezi zidlakela ezisekuthunjweni ziphila kancane kakhulu kunalezo ezihlala ngokukhululeka.
Umkhomo obulalayo uyisilwane sasolwandle esinamandla futhi esiqinile futhi esiyisihlobo esiseduze samahlengethwa futhi esomndeni owodwa. Imikhomo ebulalayo ihlala oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba, kuyo yonke indawo yayo yamanzi, kepha ikhetha ukuhlala emanzini abandayo nasendaweni epholile. Babhukuda ezindaweni ezishisayo njalo futhi, njengomthetho, abahlali lapho isikhathi eside. Lezi zilwane zinesakhiwo somphakathi esithakazelisa kakhulu esifana nokuthile okufana nengqondo ehlangene. Imikhomo ebulalayo iphethe izimfihlo nezimfihlakalo eziningi ososayensi abazifundayo okusamele bazifunde.
