Eyaziwa ngo-zoologists njenge-panda ebomvu, lesi silwane esibomvu esikhanyayo silingana nekati elikhulu futhi sibukeka njenge-raccoon kune-panda enkulu. Futhi lokhu kungokwemvelo: eyokugcina imele uhlobo lohlobo lwama-pandas amakhulu, kanti eyokuqala inguhlobo lwepanda elincane.
Incazelo yepanda elibomvu
UNdunankulu waseNdiya uJawaharlal Nehru wayeyithanda kakhulu ipanda elincane, futhi okushiwo okokuqala ngo "hon ho" noma "fire fox" (lena yindlela abambiza ngayo eMbusweni Wasezulwini) kwavela ngekhulu le-13. Abantu baseYurophu bafunda ngobukhona bepanda elibomvu kuphela ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka ngenxa kaFrederic Cuvier, owafica iNgilandi uThomas Hardwick, owambona ngaphambi kwamaFrance.
Kodwa uCuvier waba ngowokuqala ukubuyela eYurophu futhi wakwazi ukunika umhlaseli igama lesiLatini elithi Ailurus fulgens, elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ikati elikhanyayo" (eliseduze kakhulu neqiniso). Igama lesimanje i-panda libuyela emuva kuNepalese poonya (punya).
Ukubukeka
Ngokuya ngobukhulu, ipanda elibomvu lifaniswa nekati elifuyiwe elidle laze lafika ku-4-6 kg ngobude bomzimba obungu-0.51-0.64 m kanye nomsila omangalisayo ocishe ube uhhafu wemitha... Unomzimba ohlangene ombozwe uboya obukhulu futhi obude, okwenza ipanda libonakale likhuluphele kakhulu kunalokho eliyikho ngempela. Ipanda elincane linekhanda elibanzi elinezindlebe ezincane, liphenduka isifonyo esihlabayo esihlekisayo ngamehlo amnyama acwebezelayo. Ingaphandle labesilisa nabesifazane liyafana. Umsila obomvu nokujiyile uhlotshiswe ngamasongo wokukhanya ahlukahlukene (kufika ku-12) anemuva elimnyama.
Izitho zifushane futhi ziqinile, zigcina ezinyaweni ezinoboya, ezilungiselelwe ukuhamba eqhweni naseqhweni. Lapho uhamba, izinyawo, izinzwane zazo ezihlome ngozipho olubonakala ngokugqobekile (oluhlehliseka kancane), zithinta phansi maphakathi kuphela. Isidlakudla sinento ebizwa ngokuthi yi-accessory toe esihlakaleni seminwe engaphambili, okuyithambo le-radial hypertrophied lethambo le-sesamoid. Iphikisana neminye iminwe futhi isiza ukubamba amahlumela oqalo.
Okubalulekile! Akuzona zonke izilwane ezinomthunzi ovuthayo (obomvu) woboya - umbala wayo omkhulu uncike kuma-subspecies (kukhona ama-2). Isibonelo, ipanda elincane le-Stayana limnyama kancane kune-panda ebomvu yasentshonalanga, yize imibala iyehluka ngaphakathi kwama-subspecies. Imvamisa akubikho okubomvu okuningi njengabantu abaphuzi ngoku nsundu.
Imibala egqwalile embala wesilwane esidala isebenza njengesifihla esinokwethenjelwa (esikuvumela ukuba uphumule noma ulale ngokuthula), ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezinhlayiya ezibomvu ezihlanganisa iziqu zemithi yama-fir kanye namagatsha e-China.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
IPanda ebomvu ibalekela umphakathi futhi ihlala ngokwehlukana kakhulu, yamukela umlingani kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana. AmaPandas ahambisana nezindawo zomuntu siqu, futhi abesilisa bahlala endaweni ephindwe kabili noma kathathu ngaphezulu (5-11 km2) kunabesifazane. Imingcele imakwe ngamakha wephunga - uketshezi lwezindlala ezisendaweni ezungeze ingquza nasematheni, kanye nomchamo nodoti. Iphunga liphethe imininingwane ngobulili / iminyaka nokuzala komuntu othile.
Ipanda elibomvu lihola indlela yokuphila yantambama, ilele emini emigodini noma izidleke ezakhiwe ezihlahleni eziluhlaza. Ukushiya ezandleni zikaMorpheus, bathatha ukuma okuningana - bagoba ibhola, bemboza ikhanda labo ngomsila wabo, noma, njengama-raccoon aseMelika, bahlala emagatsheni, ikhanda labo lihlala esifubeni sabo. Lapho kufudumele ikakhulukazi ehlathini, izilwane zivame ukulala phansi emagatsheni (esiswini phansi), zivumele izitho zazo zilenga ngokukhululeka ezinhlangothini zazo. Ngemuva kokuvuka noma ukudla isidlo sasemini, ama-pandas ageza ubuso bawo futhi azikhothe ngokuphelele, bese enweba, ehlikihla umhlane / isisu esihlahleni noma edwaleni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho uhamba phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla, umsila usebenza njenge-balancer, kodwa ulahlekelwa yilomsebenzi lapho isilwane sehlela phansi. Lapho wehla esihlahleni, ikhanda liqondiswa phansi, futhi umsila awunasibopho sokulinganisela kuphela, kepha futhi unciphisa ipanda, ugoqa isiqu.
Izilwane zigijima ngokushesha emhlabathini ngisho naseqhweni elixegayo, zishintshela ngezikhathi ezithile kuzuba. Ama-panda abomvu adlala ngokwedlulele: ngenkathi bezijabulisa omunye nomunye, basakaza imilenze yabo yangaphambili bese bema ngemilenze yabo yangemuva, belingisa ukuhlasela. Ku-duel yamahlaya, ipanda liyisa ophikisayo emhlabathini futhi livame ukuluma umsila wakhe, lingalokothi lenze amanxeba.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-panda abomvu?
Endle, izilwane ezidla ezinye ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-8-10, cishe ziphindwe kabili isilinganiso lapho zizithola zisezipaki zezilwane... Lapha baphila kuze kufike ku-14, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18.5: okungenani irekhodi elinjalo lisethwe enye yama-pandas abomvu ahlala e-zoo.
Ngendlela, banakekele ubude bezimpilo zabo, "amakati akhanyayo" alawula kakhulu imetabolism yokuthi bafunda ukwehlisa ngokuzimela futhi bandise isilinganiso semetabolism (futhi kulokhu basondela kuma-sloths). Ebusika obukhulu, izilwane zinciphisa izindleko zamandla futhi zigcina ukushisa zisebenzisa izindlela zokonga ugesi: ngokwesibonelo, zigobana zibe yibhola eliqinile, zizungeze ifu elijiyile loboya (elimboze ngisho namathe).
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Ailurus fulgens inebanga elilinganiselwe elingadluli ngale kwemingcele yezifundazwe zaseChina iSichuan neYunnan, iMyanmar, iNepal neBhutan, kanye nenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Kakade entshonalanga yeNepal, akekho owabona izilwane. Izwe lakulo panda omncane libizwa ngokuthi indawo eseningizimu-mpumalanga yezintaba ze-Himalaya, lapho izidumbu zikhuphukela khona kumakhilomitha ama-2-4 ukuphakama. Okhokho bama-pandas anamuhla batholakale endaweni ebanzi, njengoba kufakazelwa izinsalela zabo ezitholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Okubalulekile! Ngokuya nge-paleogeneticists, ukuncipha okubukhali kobubanzi bama-pandas abomvu kudalwe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu esijwayelekile - izilwane zithanda ezomkhathi, ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-10-25 degrees Celsius nemvula efinyelela kuma-350 mm ngonyaka.
Ipanda elibomvu likhetha amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, amade anezinhlanga ze-coniferous (fir) nezinhlobo ezinqabayo (i-oki, imephu ne-chestnut). Lezi zokugcina zisebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile sesigaba esiphansi esenziwe ngoqalo no-rhododendron. Isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, la mahlathi ahlanganiswe amafu, okuthinta kahle ukukhula kukwelele kanye nobulembu obemboza amatshe, iziqu namagatsha. Kunotshani obuningi kulawa mahlathi kangangokuba izimpande zihlangene, zibambe inhlabathi ngisho nasemithambekeni ephakeme kakhulu futhi ziqoqele imvula ephezulu ewela lapha.
Ukudla okuncane kwe-panda
Ngaphezu kwengxenye yosuku (kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-13) ipanda lichitha ekufuneni nasekudleni ukudla, okutholakala ikakhulu emhlabathini. I-panda ebomvu yisilwane esidla ezinye esingajwayelekile, ngoba ukudla kwaso kuqukethe cishe lonke uhlaza:
- amaqabunga oqalo / amahlumela (95%);
- izithelo nezimpande;
- utshani obumnandi nobulembu;
- amajikijolo nama-acorn;
- amakhowe.
Ipanda elibomvu liphenduka isilo sangempela, mhlawumbe ebusika kuphela, lapho lishintshela kumagundane amancane, izinambuzane namaqanda ezinyoni ukunikeza umzimba amandla athe xaxa. Ukugaywa kwepanda elibomvu kuhlelwe, njengakuzo zonke izidlo ezidla inyama - isisu (hhayi amakamelo amaningi) esiswini namathumbu amafushane, okwenza kube nzima ukwamukela imicu yezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umzimba wepanda usebenzisa ingxenye yesine kuphela yamandla agcinwe kuqalo oludlayo. Amazinyo (angama-38 esewonke) asiza ipanda ukugaya izimila ezimahhadlahhadla, ikakhulukazi ama-molars, anama-tubercles akhethekile.
Ngenxa yobudlelwano bayo obuyinkimbinkimbi ne-cellulose, ipanda elibomvu likhetha amahlumela amancane futhi athambile, lidla kuze kufike ku-4 kg ngosuku. Amaqabunga afakwa kumahlumela - ngaphezu kwe-1.5 kg ngosuku (ivolumu yokuphakelayo inxeshezelwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuncane kwekhalori). Ngokuyindida, ama-panda amancane ahlala ekuthunjweni enqaba noma iyiphi inyama... Umzingeli uchoboza (futhi noma kunjalo hhayi njalo) izinkukhu eziphilayo ezilethwe esibayeni, kepha azikaze zizidle.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Imidlalo yokukhwelana kuma-panda amancane iqala ekuqaleni kobusika, imvamisa ngoJanuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa nabesifazane baxhumana ngokuxakile. Abokuqala bashiya amakha abo kuyo yonke indawo, futhi laba bakamuva ngazo zonke izindlela babonisa ukulungela kwabo ukuya ocansini.
Umsebenzi wabesifazane kungenxa yokudlula kwe-estrus: kwenzeka kanye kuphela ngonyaka futhi kuhlala kusuka emahoreni ayi-18 kuye kwangama-24. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-114 kuya kwezingu-145, kepha ukukhula kwengane akubonwa ngokushesha, kepha ngokulibaziseka kwezinsuku ezingama-20-70 (ngokwesilinganiso, 40). Eduze kokubeletha, insikazi yakha isidleke, ifake umgodi ofanelekile noma onamadwala ngotshani, amagatsha namaqabunga. AmaPandas abeletha kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya maphakathi noJulayi, aletha umdlwane owodwa (kaningi kaningi, ngisho nangaphansi kuka-3-4).
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe ngoboya obuzalayo, aziboni lutho futhi zinesisindo esingaba u-110-130 g.Umama ukhotha inzalo, afake amakha kuyo, okusiza ukukhomba imidlwane lapho umama ebuyela esidlekeni nokudla. Ekuqaleni, uhlala esondelene namantshontsho, kepha ngemuva kwesonto uya kude ngokwanele, uza kuphela ukuzondla nokukhotha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imidlwane iyabona emasontweni amathathu, kodwa ayishiyi ikhaya layo ezinye izinyanga ezi-3, okwenza ukuphuma kwayo okokuqala okuzimele ebusuku. Balunyulwa ngunina uma benenyanga ezinhlanu.
Imidlwane inamathele kunina, kepha ayimazi ubaba: ushiya umlingani ngokushesha ngemuva kokwenza ucansi. Ukuxhumana nomama kuyanqamuka lapho ipanda lilungiselela ukukhulelwa okulandelayo bese kuba novalo olukhulu. Ukukhula okuncane kuqhathaniswa ngosayizi ezindala cishe ngonyaka, kepha kukwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu kuphela.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, ipanda elibomvu lisongelwa yizimpisi ezibomvu nezingwe zeqhwa, kepha amathuba okuhlaselwa unyaka nonyaka aya ngokuya eqanjwa ngenxa yokwehla kwabantu bazo zombili lezi zilwane.
Ipanda ngokuvamile ithola ukutakulwa okuphezulu esihlahleni, ikhuphuke ngokushesha ngosizo lwezinzipho ezinde ezicijile... Phansi, ipanda elethusayo / elithukuthele lime ngezinyawo zalo zangemuva, ligobisa umzimba walo futhi likhiphe iphunga elicasulayo le-musky. Ngokusho kwabanye ofakazi bokuzibonela, ama-pandas ethusayo angakhala ngokuhlaba inhliziyo, yize kwesinye isikhathi izwi lawo lingazwakali kakhulu kunokutshiyoza kwenyoni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ipanda elibomvu lisencwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke esesimweni "sengcupheni", njengoba inani labantu kule minyaka eyi-18 edlule lehle ngohafu ncamashi. Lo mkhuba, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, ngeke uqhubeke kuphela, kepha uzoqhubeka nokukhula ezizukulwaneni ezintathu ezilandelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani labantu bepanda elibomvu lilonke lilinganiselwa ezilwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16-20, lapho iChina ibalwa khona izinkulungwane eziyisi-6-7, eNdiya - kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha, iNepal - abantu abangamakhulu amaningana. Ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu kungenxa yobuncane be-panda ngokwemvelo, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zayo zendabuko ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipanda lizingelwa ngabantu bomdabu, likhangwa ukugqama koboya balo obubomvu nobohlaza. Bayaziwa ukuthi badla inyama ye-panda futhi, njengoba befundile ukunciphisa ukunambitheka kwayo okwehlukile kwe-musky. Ezinye izingxenye zepanda elibomvu nazo ziyasetshenziswa, zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ngenhloso yokwelashwa..
Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni babamba izilwane ukuze bazithengise njengezilwane ezifuywayo (ngasendleleni, ama-panda awagxili kahle ezindlini ezizimele futhi acishe afe njalo). AmaShayina athunga izingubo nezigqoko ngoboya bepanda elincane. Ngendlela, esifundazweni saseYunnan, isigqoko soboya be-panda sithathwa njengomhlobiso omuhle kunabo bonke abasanda kushada: kunenkolelo yokuthi kufanekisela umshado ojabulisayo.
Ipanda elibomvu yi-mascot yeDarjeeling International Tea Festival futhi yaziwa futhi njengesilwane sikazwelonke saseSikkim (izwe elincane elisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya). IPanda elibomvu likhiqiza kahle ekuthunjweni ngakho-ke lifunwa ama-zoo ahlukahlukene aphesheya, lapho livame ukufika lisuka eNepal (lihamba ngeKolkata). Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, manje cishe ama-pandas abomvu angama-300 ahlala emapaki ezilwane angama-85 futhi inani elifanayo lazalelwa ekuthunjweni.
