Inja ye-hyena noma ye-hyena (i-Lycaon pictus) isilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama somndeni we-canine. Igama lesayensi lohlobo kuphela lohlobo lwe-Lycaon elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho ukuthi "impisi", kanti i-pictus ihunyushwe isuselwa olimini lwesiLatini ngokuthi "ipendiwe"
Incazelo yenja yempisi
Abameleli abanjalo bomndeni we-canine bayizihlobo eziseduze zempisi ebomvu, kepha ukubukeka kwabo kufana nezimpisi.... Isilwane esincelisayo esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke sathola igama laso ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaGrikhi, sihlukaniswa ngobuhlakani baso nangqondo engavamile yesilwane sasendle.
Ngenxa yezindlala zesikhumba ezithuthuke kahle, inja yempisi ikhipha iphunga elinamandla kakhulu le-musky. Lezi zinja zasendle zase-Afrika zisebenzisa umuzwa wazo wokuhogela, imisindo yezici, nolimi lomzimba ukwakha ukuxhumana. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile, isilwane esinjalo endaweni yamanye amazwe sabizwa nge- "motley wolf".
Ukubukeka
Njengoba iyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sezimpisi ezibomvu, inja yempisi inomthethosisekelo ofana nalowo wempisi, ihlukaniswa ngumzimba okhanyayo futhi othembekile, imilenze ephakeme futhi eqinile, nekhanda elikhulu impela. Izindlebe zesilwane esincelisayo esidlayo esivela emndenini we-canine zinkulu, zimile okweqanda, zifana nezindlebe zempisi. Isifonyo esifushane nesibanzi sibonakala kakhulu enjeni yempisi.
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala simayelana nemitha eyodwa nobude bomsila obungu-35-40 cm nobude obubunile - abudluli ku-75-78 cm. Ngasikhathi sinye, inja yempisi endala inamandla okudla cishe u-8-9 kg wenyama eluhlaza. Ukhakhayi lwenja efana nempisi lubanzi, lunemihlathi enamandla kakhulu. Ama-premolars asezingeni eliphakeme kunamazinyo wanoma iyiphi enye i-canine futhi aguquleke kahle ukuze adle amathambo ngokushesha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho izalwa, imidlwane yenja ye-hyena inoboya obumhlophe nobumnyama, futhi izilwane ezinjalo zithola umbala ophuzi ngemuva kwesikhashana, cishe emasontweni ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.
Inja yempisi inoboya obumahhadla futhi obufushane, kunokuncane. Kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni, isikhumba esimnyama siyabonakala. Umsila womzingeli ubumbekile futhi mude. Umbala wakha izindawo ezimnyama, ezibomvu nezimhlophe, ezisendaweni engemuva ngokugqamile. Iphethini enjalo, emelwe ngamabala osayizi abahlukene, ayilingani futhi ihlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Kukhona abantu abanombala omnyama ngokuphelele. Izindlebe nomlomo wesilwane kuvame ukuba mnyama. Kukhona umbala omhlophe ekugcineni komsila.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izinja ze-Hyena ziyizenhlalo, kodwa hhayi izilwane zendawo. Isidlakudla asimaki amasayithi aso, kuphela ngenkathi yesikhathi sokumatanisa lezi zibhangqwana ezigqamile zibeka indawo eseduze nomhume wazo ngomchamo. Izinja zasendle aziyivikeli indawo yokuzingela, ngaphandle kwendawo etholakala endaweni eseduze yeden. Kukhona abesilisa abathathu abadala kowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokocansi, okungafaki ukukhiqizwa okuhlobene kakhulu. Abesifazane asebekhulile abashiya umhlambi wabo wendabuko bakha umndeni omusha.
Izinja zempisi zizingela futhi zihlala emaphaketheni, amelwe yimbhangqwana evelele kanye nenzalo yowesifazane we-alpha. Impela bonke abesilisa bangaphansi kowesilisa we-alpha, futhi bonke abesifazane abasemhlambini bangaphansi kowesifazane we-alpha. Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kwephakethe kuphawulwa kwabesifazane nabesilisa, ngakho-ke bonke abantu babonakala ngezikhundla zabo.
Indoda enkulu ebusayo iba umholi womhlambi wonke, inesibopho sezinqumo maqondana nokuzingela nokukhetha indawo ezongena emgodini. Ngenqubo yokusungula ubudlelwano obuphezulu, izinja zempisi aziqali ukulwa noma ukulwa, kepha izikhundla eziholayo zikhonjiswa ngenkuthalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinja zempisi zikhetha ukudla, ukudlala ngisho nokulala ndawonye, futhi isikhathi namandla azo amaningi zichithwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimidlalo yokulwa ngaphakathi kwepakethe.
Ubudlelwano obunokuthula bokubambisana buyabusa emhlambini owodwa, ukunakekelwa ngokuhlanganyela kuboniswa inzalo ekhulayo, abagulayo, ababuthakathaka noma abalimele. Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokweqile akuvamile. Cishe uhhafu wezinja zempisi esezikhulile ngokocansi ziphoqeleka ukuba zihlale ngaphakathi komhlambi wazo, kanti ezinye zakha imindeni emisha, hhayi emikhulu kakhulu.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inja yempisi?
Endle, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwenja yempisi akuvamile ukudlula iminyaka eyishumi... Abamele abanjalo bomndeni we-canine bazizwa behle ngendlela efuyiwe. Umzingeli, othanjiswa yindoda, unothando olukhulu futhi uzinikele emndenini womnikazi wawo, ngokushesha kakhulu uba ngumngane ojabulayo futhi ohlekisayo ngisho nasezinganeni, futhi ngokobunjalo nangobuntu ahlukile kakhulu ezinjeni ezingabelusi. Ekhaya, isilwane esidlayo singaphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi kulabo bantu abamele umndeni we-canine zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Abesifazane nabesilisa benja yempisi babukeka becishe bafane. Kodwa-ke, owesilisa omdala angaba mkhulu kuphela ngo-3-7% kunowesifazane ovuthiwe. Awukho omunye umehluko ngosayizi nokubukeka.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinja zempisi zihlala e-Afrika. Isilwane esincelisayo sesisabalale ukusuka e-Atlantic kuya olwandle i-Indian, kanti isilwane senhlalo sihlala lapha ezimeni eziwugwadule kanye nase-savannah enyakatho nenkabazwe. Abamele lolu hlobo bangabonakala kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga ye-Afrika nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi kuze kufike ku-30˚ S latitude.
Ukudla kwenja yempisi
Isisekelo sokudla kwezinja zempisi simelelwa yizinhlwathi ezahlukahlukene zase-Afrika, kuze kufike kuma-ungulates amakhulu kakhulu anezimpondo ezinama-saber. Umzingeli uyakwazi ukudlula izilwane ezinobukhulu obumaphakathi ngekota nje yehora. Ngenkathi yokuzingela inyamazane enkulu, isisulu siphishekelwa yizinja zempisi zize zikhathale ngokuphelele.Yiqiniso, okokuqala, abantu abagulayo, abadala, abalimele noma ababuthakathaka bafa ngamazinyo abamele ama-canines, ngakho-ke kuyisiko ukuthi izinja zempisi kubazingeli abenza okudingekayo indima yokuzalanisa.
Umhlambi wezinja zempisi uzulazula kude futhi kaningi impela ufuna ukudla nezindawo ezicebile. Uma kungekho umdlalo omkhulu owanele, isilwane esidla inyama sanelisekile ngokudla amagundane omhlanga futhi sizingele ezinye izilwane ezincane, kanye nezinyoni.
Izinja zempisi zikhetha ukuzingela ikakhulukazi lapho kushona ilanga nasekuphumeni kwelanga. Ukumemeza okukhulu futhi kunalokho okuyi-melodic "ho-ho!", Okuthi lezi zilwane zizama ukushintshana ngazo, kufakazela ukuphuma kwalezi zilwane ezizingelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukulandela umkhondo wezisulu ezingaba khona, izinja zempisi zisebenzisa ukubona kwazo okuhle ngokwemvelo, kepha cishe azikaze zisebenzise iphunga lazo ekuzingeleni.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane libulawa abamele umhlambi owodwa, ngakho-ke, cishe ukudla okungu-2.5 kg ngosuku ngomuntu omdala ngamunye. Kwesinye isikhathi izinja ezinjengempisi eziphume zaya koziphonsa ziziphonsa emilenzeni yenyamazane yazo noma zisidabule ngokushesha isisu sesisulu. Abameleli abanjalo be-canines abancintisani nokudla kwezimpungushe, njengoba bengeyona ingxenye yesigaba sabaqoqi bezidumbu ezisebenzayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMashi, imihlambi yezinja ze-hyena iyahlakazeka, okuchazwa ngokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala okusebenzayo. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa komzingeli singahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-63 kuye kwezingu-80. Imidlwane yesifazane emigodini, etholakala ezihlahleni eziseduze nomgodi wokunisela. Kaningi, imisele enjalo itholakala njengekoloni, eduze komunye nomunye. Kukhona cishe ama-6-8 cubs ku-brood eyodwa.
Imidlwane yenja yempisi ezalwe emhlabeni inebhantshi elimnyama elinamabala amhlophe wesimo esingajwayelekile... Amathole azalwa eyisithulu futhi engaboni, futhi engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Insikazi ihlala nenzalo yayo emgodini inyanga yokuqala. Amehlo emidlwane avuleka cishe emasontweni amathathu. Imibala yabantwana bezilwane ezindala ivela emavikini ayisithupha kuphela ubudala. Abesifazane abakhulisa izingane baqala ukondla amawundlu abo ngenyama eboshiwe kusenesikhathi, ngakho-ke, kungekudala izilwane ezincane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni kanye nabantu abadala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokusobala, asikho isikhathi sonyaka ngezikhathi zokuzala zezinja ze-hyena, kepha ezimweni eziningi imidlwane izalwa phakathi kukaJanuwari neshumi leminyaka lokuqala likaJuni.
Kumalungu amadala ephakethe, kuyisici ukunakekela labo bantu besizwe abangakwazi ukuzingela bodwa. Izinja zempisi ziyakwazi ukwamukela ngisho amawundlu angahlobene. Lapho cishe unyaka owodwa nohhafu, imidlwane ye-canine ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwayo ngokomzimba, futhi iphinde izimele ngokuphelele kumbhangqwana wabazali.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinja zempisi zikwazile ukusinda njengohlobo oluthile, ezimeni ezinzima zanamuhla kuphela ngenxa yobuhlakani bazo obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuzala okuphezulu kakhulu. Umthombo oyinhloko wengozi yezinja ezindala ze-hyena nezilwane ezisencane imelwe ngabantu nemisebenzi yabo enamandla.
Sekuyisikhathi eside umuntu ezingela izinja zempisi, echitha ukuhlaselwa okungajwayelekile kwalesi silwane esidla izifuyo ezilwaneni ezahlukahlukene zasekhaya. Ngokuvamile kuvela izingxabano phakathi kwabadli bezilwane nabalimi. Manje izinja zempisi zigcinwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivikelwe nezivikelwe, ezivimbela ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.
Izinja zasendle nazo zisengozini yezifo eziningi ze-canine zendawo, phakathi kwazo i-rabies ne-anthrax eziyingozi kakhulu kuma-canines. Amabhubesi, izingulule nezimpisi sekuyizitha zemvelo zezinja zempisi. Izidalwa ezincelisayo ziyizimbangi zokudla eziyinhloko zamakati amakhulu, asebenza njengomkhawulo wenkundla yawo yokuzingela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngisho muva nje, izinja zempisi bezinebanga elibanzi futhi ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala zihlangene emhlanjini omkhulu, kufaka phakathi abantu abangaba yikhulu. Kulezi zinsuku kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukubona amaphakethe ezinja ezimbili noma ezintathu. Izizathu eziyinhloko ezibangele ukuqothulwa kwezilwane ezinjalo zimelwe ukwehla kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo nezifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nokudubula kwabantu okungalawuleki... Namuhla, inja yempisi ifakwe njengenhlobo encane kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN futhi isengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele (Esengozini).
Kuyathakazelisa!Manje inani eliphelele labantu alikho ngaphezu kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-3.0-5.5 abahlala emhlambini ongaphezu kwenkulungwane. Endaweni yaseNyakatho Afrika, izinja ze-hyena nazo zimbalwa ngenani, kanti eNtshonalanga Afrika, abamele lezi zinhlobo abavamile kakhulu. Okuhlukile yinsimu yonke yaseSenegal, lapho izinja zempisi zingaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni.
Emazweni aseCentral Africa, izinja zempisi nazo azivamile, ngakho-ke zihlala eCameroon kuphela. Inani elincane lezilwane litholakala eChad naseCentral African Republic. EMpumalanga Afrika, izinja zempisi ziningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi e-Uganda naseKenya. Abantu abaningi ngokwanele batholakala eningizimu yeTanzania. Izimo ezihamba phambili zezinja ze-hyena zihlukaniswa yiNingizimu Afrika, njengamanje ebanga ngaphezu kwengxenye yenani eliphelele labazingeli bezilwane ezincelisayo.
